Paranocarodes fieberi (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882)

(Figs. 43, 413–414, 840)

Nocarodes Fieberi m.: Brunner von Wattenwyl 1882: 189.

Nocarodes Fieberi Brunn.: Werner 1901: 282; Jacobson 1905: 200, 298, sensu Bey-Bienko & Mistshenko 1951; Kirby 1910: 355; I. Bolívar 1912: 7.

Paranocarodes fieberi Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882: I. Bolívar 1916: 23; Ramme 1951: 278, 283, 427; Mirzayans 1959: 16; Willemse & Kruseman 1976: 142; Presa & Garcia 1983: 24; Heller et al. 1998: 61.

Nocarodes straubei Fieb.: Werner 1933: 410.

Paranocarodes serratus spec. nov.: Uvarov 1949a: 7. syn. nov.

Paranocarodes instans sp. nov.: Mistshenko 1951: 518.

Ananothrotes fieberi (Br.-W. 1882): Bey-Bienko & Mistshenko 1951: 340; Karabağ 1958: 115; Weidner 1969: 157; Harz 1975: 158, 159; Demirsoy 1977: 63, 65.

Paranocarodes instans Mistshenko, 1951: Bey-Bienko & Mistshenko 1951: 342; Karabağ 1958: 116; Weidner 1969: 158.

Paranocarodes serratus Uv. 1949: Ramme 1951: 283, as syn. of fieberi .

Paranocarodes straubei insularis n. subsp.: Ramme 1951: 280. syn. nov.

Paranocarodes straubei insularis Ramme, 1951: Harz 1975: 154; Willemse 1984: 102; Presa & Garcia 1983: 25; Otte 1994: 184; Willemse & Willemse 2008: 13.

Paranocarodes fieberi mytilenensis n. subsp.: Ramme 1951: 284. syn. nov.

Paranocarodes fieberi mytilenensis Ramme 1951: Harz 1975: 159; Willemse 1984: 101; Presa & Garcia 1983: 24; Otte 1994: 184; Willemse & Willemse 2008: 13.

Paranocarodes sp.: Karabağ et al. 1971: 86, partim.

Paranocarodes straubei serratus Uvarov, 1949: Demirsoy 1973: 411; Demirsoy 1977: 62, 63; Presa & Garcia 1983: 25; Otte 1994: 185.

Paranocarodes straubei f. serratus Uvarov, 1949: Harz 1975: 158.

Paranocarodes instans Mistshenko, 1951: Demirsoy 1973: 411, as syn of serratus; Demirsoy 1977: 63 as syn of serratus .

Paranocarodes fieberi fieberi (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882): Demirsoy 1973: 412, 413, partim; Demirsoy 1977: 65; Willemse 1984: 101; Otte 1994: 184; Willemse & Willemse 2008: 13; Mol et al. 2014: 137.

Type locality. Turkey, İzmir, Bozdağ. Lectotype: male (NMW), here designated.

Material examined. TURKEY: [İzmir], Bosdagh [ Bozdağ], nr. 8233, 1♂ (typus II = Lectotype), Bosdagh, 1♂, 2♀ (Paralectotypes) (leg. Lederer) ; Türkei, 1♂ (typus I = Paralectotype); Smyrna [İzmir], 6.7.1871, 2♂, 1♀ (Paralectotypes) (leg. Schlüter) (NMW); Amasia, 1♂ (det. Ramme) (NMW); [Çanakkale], Gallipoli [ Gelibolu], 1 Jan–10 Aug.1923, 1♂ (Holotype of Paranocarodes serratus), 1♀ (Paratype of Paranocarodes serratus) (leg. W.M.J. Martin) ; [Bursa], Orhan ili [ Orhaneli], 10.6.1930, 1♂ (leg. Sureya Bey) ; Asia Minor, Demirci S. of Simav, about 3000 ft, 3– 4.8.1931, 1♂, 1♀ (leg. B. P. Uvarov) (det. Ramme) (all in NHMUK) ; Balıkesir, Savaştepe, 12.6.1958, 1♂, 5♀ (leg. Ö. K. Gülen) (NHMUK); Anatolien, 1869, 1♂ (Holotype of Paranocarodes instans), 1♀ (Allotype of Paranocarodes instans) (leg. Lederer) (ZIN); Kleinasien, Pergamon, Mai, 1♀ (leg. La Baume) ; Amasia, 1♂ (MfN); Uşak, Eşme, Kışla Dağı, 1.6.2002, 1♂ (leg. A. Hasbenli) ; Kütahya, Simav, Boğazköy, 6.6.1968, 1♂; ibidem, 28.5.1968, 1♀ (Karabağ et al, 1971 as Paranocarodes sp.) ; Kütahya, Gediz, 20.5.1971, 1♂ (leg. B. Tunç) ; Manisa, Spil Dağı, 900 m, 1.6.1999, 1♀ (leg. S. Koca) ; Çanakkale, Gökçeada, Çiftlikiçi, 8.7.1987, 1♂ (leg. A. Y. Kılıç) (AİBÜEM) ; GREECE: Creta, 1♀ (Friv.) (det. Ramme) (NMW); Graecia, Mytilene, 20.5.1927, 1♀ (Holotype of P. fieberi mytilenensis) (leg. Werner) ; Graecia, Mytilini, Lepetymnos gebg., 5.1934, 1♀ (Holotype of P. straubei insularis) (leg. Rechinger) ; Chios, Berg Plaka, 5.1934, 1♀ (Paratype of P. straubei insularis) (leg. Rechinger) (det. Werner, as Nocarodes fieberi) (det. Ramme, as Paranocarodes straubei n.subsp.) (all in NMW).

Distribution. Known from western Turkey: Mainly western half of the Aegean Region, İzmir, Manisa, Balıkesir, Çanakkale including European sides, W. Kütahya, Uşak provinces. Some eastern islands of Greece: Mytilini, Chios (Fig. 840).

Remarks. Brunner (1882: 189) described this species after syntypes of both sexes. But type specimens are labelled as “ typus I, typus II, allotypus, paralectotypus ”. Ramme (1951: 283) cited them with these labels and mentioned two males as “ typus I and typus II” but did not specify a single type. Therefore the type series is still syntypic. The male in the NMW labelled as “ typus II” is designated as lectotype here.

I have seen all the material belonging to this species, listed by Ramme (1951: 283). One female with a label as Creta belongs to this species. I agree with Willemse & Kruseman (1976: 142) who consider that the occurrence in Crete needs confirmation. I think it is quite possibly a mislabelling.

The holotype of P. fieberi mytilenensis, a synonym of this species, has the median carina of pronotum finely grooved, but the same character is also seen in some populations of Anatolian P. fieberi such as the male paratype of P. fieberi fieberi from İzmir (above) and the type specimens of P. serratus Uvarov from Gelibolu.

The female paratype of P. straubei insularis from Chios clearly belongs to this species, but, the female holotype of P. straubei insularis is a little different from the typical form by the arcuate pronotum and abdominal tergites. However, similar specimens of P. fieberi from Simav and Spil Dağı with raised pronotum and abdominal tergites and the similar leg coloration are seen in some historical specimens, all of which are undoubtedly within the variation of this species. Therefore these taxa are to be considered synonyms of P. fieberi .

Lederer collected the types of three species, Paranocarodes fieberi (Brunner), Paranocarodes instans Mistshenko and Nocaracris furvus (Mistshenko) . The labels of the holotypes of Paranocarodes instans and Nocaracris furvus are the same. The holotype of P. instans, found by Lederer in 1869, is probably collected from the type locality of P. fieberi . Lederer also collected the types of Oronothrotes furvus from the same place [Bozdağ] in 1869.

I agree with Ramme (1951: 283) who synonymized P. serratus Uvarov with this species, even if Demirsoy (1973, 1977) considered it as a subspecies of P. straubei .

This species is not found in Amasya Province. One male was probably mislabelled in the MfN (see the Remarks section of P. straubei).

Descamps & Donskoff (1965) recorded “ Paranocarodes sp. aff. instans Mistshenko, 1951 ” from Iraq. Those specimens probably belong to Paranothrotes sp. Demirsoy’s (1973) records from Uludağ and Amasya should be comfirmed. All records of Uludağ are identified as P. straubei, and all records from Amasya as P. t. paphlagonicus in the present paper. Mirzayans (1959) listed this species from Iran which probably a Paranothrotes sp. Mol et al. (2014) recorded this species from Trabzon Province, N.E. Anatolia, but its presence in Trabzon is unlikely, should be confirmed.