Key to species groups, species and subspecies of Paranothrotes

1 Hind femur strongly and irregularly dentate on dorsal margin and with strongly undulate ventral margin (Fig. 439)......................................................................................... P. dentatus Ünal, sp. nov.

- Hind femur in usual form, with regularly and finely serrated dorsal margin Figs. 440–442).......................... 2

2 Arolium wide, triangular reaching to half of claws on fore legs (Fig. 443); body very small (female: 27.7 mm, male: unknown)............................................................................... P. buzuldagi Ünal, sp. nov.

- Arolium narrow, not reaching to half of claws on fore legs (Fig. 444); body distinctly larger......................... 3

3 Apical valves of penis very slender, small, not covered by the sheath of penis ventrally; lateral aperture of the sheath of penis absent; arch of zygoma strongly widened at apex (Figs. 55 a, b, d, 56a, b, d); pseudolophi on epiphallus longitudinally oval (Figs. 55 c, 56c); body surface quite smooth, with weak tubercles............................ ( P. opacus sp. group)...4

- Apical valves of penis stout and larger, covered by the sheath of penis ventrally in posterior view; lateral aperture of the sheath of penis present; arch of zygoma very narrow (Figs. 57 a, b, d, 58a, b, d); pseudolophi on epiphallus transversally oval (Figs. 57 c, 58c); body surface always with distinct tubercles........................................................7

4 Arch of zygoma strongly raised (Fig. 55 a); abdominal tergites distinctly raised, with sharp posterior projections (Figs. 477– 480); typical light bands on paranota reaching to median carina in male (Figs. 477–478); body strongly compressed laterally; male phallic complex as in Figs. 55 a, b, c, d................................................. P. sulcatus Bolívar

- Arch of zygoma almost flat or slightly raised (Fig. 56 a); abdominal tergites simple or slightly raised, with very smaller and blunter posterior projections (Figs. 481–485); typical light bands on paranota reaching to lateral carina in male (Figs. 481, 483); body relatively less compressed laterally............................................................. 5

5 Vertex in female narrow between the eyes, as wide as vertical diameter of eye or slightly wider (male unknown), with distinct carinulae and tubercles; fastigium of vertex narrow and elongated (Fig. 445)................... P. ocellatus Mistshenko

- Vertex in female wide between the eyes, 1.5 times wider than vertical diameter of eye, with weak carinulae and tubercles; fastigium of vertex clearly short and wide (Fig. 446)........................................................... 6

6 Hind tibia orange or bright red in both sexes; male phallic complex as in Figs. 56 a, b, c, d....... P. opacus opacus Brunner

- Hind tibia mainly black in both sexes, sometimes blackish or dark red in male; and bluish, greenish, or body color with weak bluish stains or fully body color in female........................................... P. opacus rectus Mistshenko

7 Body lighter in both sexes, mostly in various shades of brown; typical light band on abdomen always distinct in male (Fig. 447); median carinula of vertex not reaching to anterior margin of eye; arch of zygoma shorter and wider; hind femur in female yellowish-cream, reddish or light grey on inner surface; ventral surface of hind femur in male at most dark grey; abdominal tergites relatively raised, with a sharp posterior projection (Figs. 499–506), if simple then body clearly small (Fig. 497–498).................................................................................................... 8

- Body strongly darkened, blackish dark grey in male, dark brown, blackish-brown or dark grey in female; typical light band on abdomen absent in male (Fig. 448); median carinula of vertex long, reaching to anterior margin of eye; arch of zygoma longer and narrower; hind femur and tibia in both sexes black on inner and ventral surfaces; abdominal tergites simple, not raised, at most with a small posterior projection (Figs. 507–512); body distinctly large...................( P. nigripes sp. group)...19

8 Body less compressed laterally and clearly low in lateral view, almost cylindrical (more distinct in female) (Figs. 486–494); median carina of pronotum and abdominal tergites not raised or slightly raised without posterior projection; basal half of hind femur not strongly widened, gradually narrowing towards genicular lobes (especially in male), dorsal margin very finely serrated (Fig. 449)............................................................... ( P. gotvendicus sp. group)...9

- Body compressed laterally and high in lateral view (Figs. 499–506); median carina of pronotum relatively, abdominal tergites distinctly raised with distinct sharper posterior projection; basal half of hind femur distinctly widened, stout, sharply narrowing towards genicular lobes (especially in male), dorsal margin with more distinct denticles (Fig. 450).................................................................................................. ( P. margaritae sp. group)...16

9 Median carina of pronotum without longitudinal sulcus or distinct only anteriorly, if visible along its length then always clearly narrowing backwards (Figs. 451–452); arch of zygoma not raised (Fig. 57 a).................................... 10

- Median carina of pronotum with a distinct and wide longitudinal sulcus along its length, not narrowing backwards (Figs. 553– 554); arch of zygoma distinctly raised (Figs. 58 a, 59a)...................................................... 13

10 Longitudinal sulcus of median carina of pronotum absent; female unknown..................... P. asulcatus Demirsoy

- Longitudinal sulcus of median carina of pronotum present at least anteriorly.................................... 11

11 Frontal ridge distinctly incised just below the median ocellus; basal part of supra-anal plate smooth, without median longitudi-

nal sulcus; inner surfaces of hind femur and tibia whitish, slightly reddish. Male unknown.......... P. kosswigi Demirsoy - Frontal ridge slightly or not incised just below the median ocellus; supra-anal plate with median longitudinal sulcus along its length; inner surface of hind tibia red or black............................................................ 12

12 Median carina of pronotum with longitudinal sulcus visible only anteriorly (Fig. 451); inner surface of hind tibia red; hind femur with black inner surface; fastigium of vertex strongly depressed................... P. eximius eximius Mistshenko

- Median carina of pronotum with a distinct longitudinal sulcus along its length, narrowing backwards (Fig. 452); inner surface of hind tibia black in male, blackish-blue in female; hind femur with body color inner surface; fastigium of vertex flattened in female, slightly depressed in male; male phallic complex as in Figs. 57 a, b, c............. P. eximius bitlis Ünal, ssp. nov.

13 Female hind tibia bicolored, proximal part dark blue turning to red apically; found in S.W. Iran ....... P. apicalis (Bolívar)

- Female hind tibia red, blue or black, if bicolored ( P. demawendi) then proximal part pinkish blue; found in N. Iran...... 14

14 Frons distinctly sloping backwards, fastigium of vertex connected to frontal ridge under acute angle (Fig. 455); male eye large (Fig. 455) (vertical diameter 1.9 mm, transversal diameter 1.6 mm) 1.5 times wider than the distance between the frontal ridge and eye in lateral view; body low in lateral view (height of pronotum 4.7 mm in male syntype) (Fig. 492); median carina of pronotum with a distinctly wide longitudinal sulcus (Fig. 453); male phallic complex as in Figs. 58 a, b, c, d............................................................................................. P. gotvendicus (I. Bolívar)

- Frons more vertical, fastigium of vertex connected to frontal ridge under right angle (Fig. 456); eye distinctly smaller (Fig. 456) (vertical diameter 1.7 mm, transversal diameter 1.3 mm) only 1.09 times wider than the distance between the frontal ridge and eye in lateral view; body higher in lateral view (height of pronotum 5.1 mm in male paratype of P. tenuicornis) (Fig. 495); median carina of pronotum with clearly narrower longitudinal sulcus (Fig. 454).................................. 15

15 Hind tibia in male black to dark red (black in the type), in female red to blue (reddish in the type); body more compressed, high in lateral view (Figs. 495–496); male phallic complex as in Figs. 55 a, b, c.................... P. tenuicornis Mistshenko

- Hind tibia in male bright light red, in female pinkish blue in proximal part turning to red at apex or pinkish red along its length; body more cylindrical, lower in lateral view (Figs. 497–498)................................ P. demawendi (Ramme)

16 Hind tibia with red or yellow inner surface; male phallic complex as in Figs. 60 a, b, c............. P. margaritae (Miram)

- Hind tibia with black, bluish-black inner surface.......................................................... 17

17 Body slender, low in lateral view, more compressed laterally (Fig. 506); vertex narrow, as wide as vertical diameter of eye in female (Fig. 457); hind femur more slender (Fig. 459)..................................... P. nigrolobus Demirsoy

- Body larger and stouter, high in lateral view, wide in dorsal view (Figs. 504–505); vertex wide, 1.3 times wider than vertical diameter of eye in female (Fig. 458); hind femur stout (Fig. 460)............................................. 18

18 Arch of zygoma narrow; apical notch of apodemes distinct; basal valves of penis strongly widened (Fig. 61 a, b); epiphallus as in Fig. 61 c; typical light band on pronotum distinct (Fig. 461); median carina of pronotum with weaker longitudinal sulcus (Fig. 462); body large (male: 27–30 mm)................................................. P. siirt Ünal, sp. nov.

- Arch of zygoma distinctly wider especially apically; apical notch of apodemes indistinct (Fig. 465); basal valves of penis narrow; epiphallus as in Fig. 466; typical light band on pronotum indistinct (Fig. 463); median carina of pronotum with more distinct longitudinal sulcus (Fig. 464); body small (male: 21–23 mm); female unknown............... P. citimus Mistshenko

19 Median carina of pronotum with a deep and wide longitudinal sulcus along its length in both sexes (Fig. 467)............................................................................................ P. schelkovnikovi (Uvarov)

- Median carina of pronotum with a weak, much narrower and shallower longitudinal sulcus in both sexes (Fig. 468)..... 2 0

20 Hind tibia in female with light spines in dorsal view; pseudolophi on epiphallus separated, with 25–26 spines (Fig. 470)...................................................................................... P. ornatus Mistshenko

- Hind tibia in female with dark spines in dorsal view; pseudolophi on epiphallus fused in the middle, with 14–16 spines (Fig. 469)......................................................................... P. nigripes (Stshelkanovtzev)