Paranothrotes sulcatus (I. Bolívar, 1912) comb. nov.

(Figs. 55, 477–480, 841)

Pamphagus Straubei Fieber: Fieber 1853: 127, partim.

Nocarodes Straubei Fieb.: I. Bolívar 1899: 595; Werner 1901: 282, partim; Jacobson 1905: 200, 298, sensu Bey-Bienko & Mistshenko 1951.

Nocarodes Straubei Fieb., var. sulcatus nov.: I. Bolívar 1912: 7, 28.

Nocarodes Fieberi Brunner: I. Bolívar 1912: 30.

Paranocarodes straubei var. sulcatus Bolívar 1912: I. Bolívar 1916: 23.

Paranocarodes sulcatus (I. Bol.): Ramme 1939: 136; Ramme, 1951: 278, 281.

Paranocarodes sulcatus (I. Bol.): Bey-Bienko & Mistshenko 1951: 342.

Paranocarodes sulcatus (I. Bolívar, 1912): Karabağ 1958: 116; Weidner 1969: 158; Demirsoy 1973: 410; Demirsoy 1977: 60, 61; Presa & Garcia 1983: 25; Ihsan & Donskoff 1988: 15, 23, 30; Otte 1994: 185; Naskrecki & Ünal 1995: 407; Massa 2010: 78.

Paranocarodes straubei (Fieber, 1853): Harz 1975: 151, partim.

Type locality. Turkey, Hatay, Hassa, Akbez. Syntypes: males, females (MNCN).

Material examined. TURKEY: [Hatay, Hassa], Syrie, Akbés [ Akbez], 22.5.1902, 12♂, 5♀ (Syntypes) ; Syrie, 3♂, 1♀; Jenidje [Yenice in Kahramanmaraş Prov.], 1♀ (MNCN) ; Hatay, Amanos Mt., Nurdağı Geçidi [now in Osmaniye province], 3450 ft, 18.6.1960, 11♂, 10♀ (leg. K. M. Guichard & D. H. Harvey) (det. D. J. Philpot, 1962 as Paranocarodes straubei); Antitaurus , Adana, Saimbeyli, Bakırdağ in Sencan dere, 1700– 1400 m, 30.6.1952, 1♂ (leg. P. H. Davis) ; Antitaurus, Adana, Saimbeyli, Bakırdağ in Sencan dere, between Suhandere and Gurumzi [ Gürümze], 1000–1300 m, 1.6.1952, 12♂, 6♀ (leg. P. H. Davis) (det. as P. straubei); Antitaurus , Adana, Saimbeyli, Bozoğlan Dağ, 1800–2000 m, 7.7.1952, 2♂, 4♀ (leg. P. H. Davis) ; Gaziantep, Nurdağı Pass, [in Osmaniye], 6.7.1969, 1♀ (leg. W. G. Tremewan) (all in NHMUK) ; Adana, 1♂ (MfN); [Osmaniye], Nurdağı Tepesi, Amanos, 14.4.1966, 1♂ nymph, 4♀ nymphs (Türkei Exped. 1966) (NMW); Kleinasien , Adana, 1♀ nymph; Tchamh Bachirene, 1♀ nymph (leg. Fahringer) (det. Ebner as N. satrubei); Gebellie, 2♂, 1♀ (leg. Leuther) (det. Br. v.W. as Nocarodes spec.) (det. Ramme as Paranocarodes sulcatus) (NMW); [Hatay, Hassa], Akbes, 1♀ (leg. Leuthner) (ZIN) ; Adana, Haruniye, 19.7.1952, 1♀ (leg. Ö. K. Gülen) ; Adana, 10.9.1952, 2♂ (leg. Ö. K. Gülen); Hatay, Erzin, Payas, 300–1200 m, 10.6.1967, 2♂, 2♀ (leg. Y. Akman) ; Osmaniye, Hasanbeyli, 900 m, 23.6.1982, 2♂ (leg. H. V. Güneş) ; Osmaniye, Hasanbeyli-Nurdağı, 25.5.1981, 3♂ (leg. H. V. Güneş) ; Osmaniye, Zorkun, 25.6.1981, 1♂ (leg. H. V. Güneş) (AÜZM) ; Hatay, Dörtyol, Kırıkelma Yaylası, 1500 m, 14.6.2005, 8♂, 7♀ (leg. M. Ünal) ; Hatay, Dörtyol, Amanos Dağları, 1500 m, 19.6.1993, 1♂, 1♀ (leg. M. Ünal & P. Naskrecki) (AİBÜEM) (Naskrecki & Ünal 1995) ; Adana, Mansurlar, Feke yolu, 1396 m, 37.51.897 N, 35.38.156 E, 2♀ (leg. M. Ünal) ; Adana, Tufanbeyli, Akçalı Köyü, 1500 m, 26.7.2008, 1♀ (leg. A. Mirec & L. Deha) ; Hatay, Kısecik Köyü, Kızıldağ, 1795 m, 13.6.2005, 1♂, 1♀ (leg. M. Ünal) (AİBÜEM) ; Osmaniye, Olukbaşı Yaylası, 1600 m, 5.8.2002, 1♀ (leg. A. Hasbenli) ; Mt. Cassius [ Kılıç Dağ, now in Turkey], 11.5.1945, 2♂, 4♀ nymphs (NHMUK) ; CYPRUS: Cypern, 1863, 1♀ (det. as P. straubei) (Brunner 1882) (NMW) ; SYRIA: N. of Latakia, 1– 3.8.1953, 2♀ (leg. K. Christiansen) (NHMUK); N . Syrien, Ladkiye, 5.1885, 1♂ (leg. Leuthner) (MfN).

Distribution. S. Turkey: Hatay, Adana, Osmaniye provinces. N.W. Syria: Latakia (Fig. 841).

Remarks. This species is included in Paranothrotes here for the first time. The external characters of this species such as the shape of pronotum and the posterior projection of abdominal tergites are closer to Paranocarodes, but they can be variable and it is possible to find some transitional forms in both genera, such as Paranocarodes beieri and Paranothrotes margaritae sp. group. But the inner genitalia of male is more stable. The male phallic complex of this species is very different from all known Paranocarodes and closely related to Paranothrotes opacus species group.

The type locality of this species, Akbes, is in Hatay province, Hassa district of Turkey. Fieber (1853: 127) in describing P. straubei gave its distribution as “Turkey (Straube) and Cyprus (Frydvaldsky and Fieber)”. According to Uvarov (1949: 5) “No Nocarodes and Paranocarodes has been re-discovered in Cyprus since that obscure reference”. Ramme (1951: 279) and Harz (1975: 151) followed Uvarov (1949). But interestingly one female collected from Cyprus in 1863 was found in the collection of NMW. It was identified by Brunner as P. straubei, but not published. Actually, after Fieber (1853) it is the second finding of Paranocarodes from Cyprus. This historical female reidentified here clearly belongs to Paranothrotes sulcatus which is the first record from Cyprus. But, since 1863, there is no further record of this species from Cyprus.

I. Bolívar (1912: 28) in describing this species as a variant of P. straubei used unspecified numbers of both sexes. There are 17 specimens (of which 12 males) labelled as syntypes in the MNCN. All of them were collected from the same locality and undoubtedly belong to the same taxon. I think there is no reason to designate a lectotype (ICZN, Article 74.7.3).

Bolívar recorded (1912: 30) P. fieberi from Jenidje [Yenice, Turkey] which belongs to this species.

Massa (2010: 78) recorded 2 males from Armenia, however they were reidentified by the Italian colleague B. Massa with my present key and resulted to belong to Paranothrotes margaritae (Miram, 1938) .