17. Phytoliriomyza rebouliae Kato sp. nov.

Figs 33, 34

Material examined.

Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a423), Wadagawa-kyo, Kumanogawa, Shingu, Wakayama Pref. (33.7609°N, 135.8260°E, 90 m asl), 7-VII-2021 (as larva), emerged on 2-VIII-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31986. Paratypes: Japan: 2♂1♀ (MK-AG-a424, a490, a491), same data as holotype, emerged on 24-30-VII-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31987-31989; 1♂ (MK-AG-467), Uri-toge, Mikkabi, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka Pref., 7-III-2017 (as larva), emerged on 15-VI-2017, NSMT-I-Dip 31990; 1♂ (MK-AG-a422), Sannoko, Kawakami, Higashi-yoshino, Nara Pref., 26-II-2016 (as larva), emerged on 23-IV-2016, NSMT-I-Dip 31991.

Other material.

Japan: 1♀, Izu-oshima Is. Tokyo Pref., 22-III-2009 (as larva), emerged on 19-IV-2009; 2♀, Ashiu, Nantan, Kyoto Pref., 12-III-2018 (as larva), emerged on?-IV-2018; 2♂6♀, Sannoko, Kawakami, Higashi-yoshino, Nara Pref., 26-II-2016 (as larva), emerged on 18-27-IV-2016; 19♂13♀, WD, 7-VII-2021 (as larva), emerged on 24-VII-6-VIII-2021; 2♂, Yajiemon-jinja, Sakurae, Gotsu, Shimane Pref., 24-VI-2012 (as larva), emerged on 19-VII-23-VIII-2012; 2♂2♀, Tazukawa-keikoku, Katsuura, Tokushima Pref., 11-X-2016 (as larva), emerged on 1-V-2016; 1♂3♀, Yasui-keikoku, Niyodogawa, Agawa, Kochi Pref., 27-II-2011 (as larva), emerged on 18-IV-2011; 1♂3♀, YSI, 27-II-2011 (as larva), emerged on 18-IV-2011; 1♀, Shiibaru, Izumi, Yatsushiro, Kumamoto Pref., 23-III-2015 (as larva), emerged on 28-IV-2015; 1♀, Okujisso, Isa, Kagoshima Pref., 17-XII-2012 (as larva), emerged on 12-IV-2013; 2♂1♀, Sumiyo, Amami, Kagoshima Pref., 17-II-1999 (as larva), emerged on 25-28-II-1999.

Diagnosis.

A small dark species (wing length 1.3-1.7 mm) having pruinose dark gray scutum with a small oval yellow pattern extending from the mid-posterior margin to the scutellum, a black 1st flagellomere, dark maxillary palpus, gray halteres, and brown legs. Male epandrium inner-basally with a comb comprising seven long fused tubercle-like setae. Larva mines the thallus of Reboulia hemisphaerica orientalis .

Description.

Adult male (Fig. 33A-E).

Head: Head light yellow, with ocellar tubercle dark brown, frons yellowish brown with reflective pruinosity, back of head dark brown excluding margins (Fig. 33C). Antenna porrect, first flagellomere black, pedicel and scape brown (Fig. 33B). Arista subbasal, black, pubescent. Clypeus, face, gena, parafacial and postgena yellow. Proboscis normal, yellow; palpus brown, cylindrical (Fig. 33C). Chaetotaxy: Front orbitals three pairs; one ori directed inward; two ors directed upward (Fig. 33B). Orbital setulae minute and erect, in a single row.

Thorax: Thorax pruinose. Scutum pruinose gray, with a small yellow patch along midposterior margin, with a medial dark gray band on anterior 2/3 and a pair of dark gray bands along lateral margins (Fig. 33D). Scutellum light yellow with lateral corner brown, subscutellum light yellow. Mediotergite, anatergite and katatergite dark brown (Fig. 33B). Pleuron largely light yellow, with brown spots on anterior postpronotal lobe, lower margin of notopleuron, lower half of anepisternum and anepimeron, and venters of katepisternum and meron (Fig. 33B). Haltere dark brown. Calypter margin and hairs gray. Leg segments brownish, basal half of femur paler. Chaetotaxy: Scutum with 1+3 dorsocentrals, shortened anteriorly (Fig. 33D). Acrostichal setulae six or seven pairs largely in two rows. Wing: Wing length 1.7 mm, costa reaching M1 (Fig. 33A). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section 1.3.

Abdomen: Abdomen dorsally subshiny brown; epandrium dark brown (Fig. 33E). Genitalia: (Fig. 33H-K) Epandrium rounded apically; inner-posterior margin with one tubercle-like seta; inner-anterior surface with a comb comprising seven fused long tubercle-like setae (Fig. 33J). Surstylus rounded, curved inwards, setose apically (Fig. 33J). Cercus narrow, setose. Subepandrial sclerite with a pair of plate-like arms, the dorsal lobes of which curve ventrally and basally with a spine directed ventrally (Fig. 33J). Hypandrium slightly sclerotized along outer margin (Fig. 33H). Postgonite bare, goose barnacle-shaped (Fig. 33H, I). Phallophorus sclerotized with deep incision below, articulated with phallapodeme, fused to epiphallus (Fig. 33I). Basiphallus with a dorsal sclerite, the anterior lobes of which extend laterally, supporting hypophallus (Fig. 33H, I). Hypophallus broad, membranous, covered with microtrichia dorsally and with distal margins serrated; basally with one pair of narrow sclerites, medially with one pair of fused linear sclerites (Fig. 33I). Paraphallus lobate, lightly sclerotized; paraphalli diverging, angled anteroventrally, jointed basally (Fig. 33H, I). Mesophallus dark, cylindrical, widest subbasally, slightly shorter than distiphallus (Fig. 33H). Distiphallus comprising one pair of stout tubules; basal half composed of ventral dark arrowhead-like sclerite and weaker medial region; distal half cylindrical, dorsally and laterally pigmented, with truncated unpigmented apex (Fig. 33I). Ejaculatory apodeme pale brown, fan-shaped with broad stalk; base wide to one side; sperm pump clear (Fig. 33K).

Female (Fig. 33E-G). Similar to male. Wing length 2.3 mm. Postabdomen: (Fig. 34A, B) Oviscape dark brown, setigerous. Tergite 10 cruciform, laterally uniting narrow pleural sclerites. Each cercus with two stout, apical, trichoid sensilla, ½ length of cercus. Spermathecae semi-orbicular.

Etymology.

The specific name refers to the larval life within Reboulia thalli.

Japanese name.

Kainohi-jingasagoke-hamoguribae.

Host plant.

Reboulia hemisphaerica orientalis ( Aytoniaceae).

Mine.

Larvae at first construct linear mines in the thallus at first, then enter the midrib, and pupate in the mine (Fig. 34D, E).

Biological notes.

The habitats of this species are rocky cliffs in warm temperate evergreen forests (Fig. 34C). It is sympatric with P. argentifasciata in some localities. Our rearing records suggest that this species is bivoltine, with adults emerging in spring and summer.

Distribution.

Japan: Honshu, Shikoku, Tsushima Island (Fig. 31)

Remarks.

This species resembles P. marchantiae, P. lanternaria, and P. conocephali in having a narrow yellow posterior margin of the scutum and a medial yellow stripe on the scutellum; it is distinguished from P. marchantiae by the number of tubercle-like setae in a comb of the male epandrium (7 in P. rebouliae; 8 in P. marchantiae) and by a tubercle-like seta at posterior end of inner margin (absent in P. marchantiae), and from P. lanternaria and P. conocephali by the number of tubercle-like setae on the surstylus of the male epandrium (0 in P. rebouliae; 1 or 2 in P. lanternaria and P. conocephali).

Species associated with Wiesnerella