Callipus foetidissimus (Savi, 1819)

Julus foetidissimus Savi, 1819, Osservazioni sullo Julus foetidissimus, 1–12, figs 1–16. ST (whereabouts unknown) from Pisa, Italy.

Callipus longipes Risso, 1826, Hist. Nat. Princip. Prod. Europe Mérid.: 151. Type (whereabouts unknown) from Nice and Alpes Maritimes, France.

Callipus rissonius Leach, in Risso, 1826, Hist. Nat. Princip. Prod. Europe Mérid.: 151. Type (whereabouts unknown) from Nice and Alpes Maritimes, France. Synonymy proposed by Gervais (1847). Gervais, 1847, Hist. Nat. Ins. Apt., 4: 131. Cook, 1895, Am. Natur., 29: 1019. Brolemann, 1930, Bull. Soc. Hist. Natur. Toulouse, 60: 242.

Iulus foetidus: Gervais, 1837, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., 7: 46.

Lysiopetalum foetidissimum: Brandt, 1840, Rec. Mém. relat. ord. Ins. Myriapodes: 42. Gervais, 1847, Hist. Nat. Ins. Apt., 4: 130. Berlese, 1883, Acari, Myriopoda et Scorpiones hucusque in Italia reperta, fasc. 2: pl. 7, figs 1–7. Daday, 1891, Termész. Füz., 14 (1–2): 140. Daday, 1891, Termész. Füz., 14 (3–4): 178. Silvestri, 1898, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. “Giacomo Doria”{2}, 18: 686.

Platops Hardwickei Newport, 1844, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 1, 13: 267. Type (whereabouts unknown) from unspecified locality. Synonymy proposed by Pocock (1893).

Eurygyrus foetidissimus: C.L. Koch, 1847, System der Myriapoden: 115. C.L. Koch, 1867, Die Myriopoden, 2: 68, Taf. 94, fig. 191.

Callipus Rissonius: C.L. Koch, 1847, System der Myriapoden: 128.

Lysiopetalum Hardwickii: Gervais, 1847, Hist. Nat. Ins. Apt., 4: 134. Pocock, 1893, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 6, 11: 248.

Aulocosoma compactile Attems, 1894, In: Schneider, O. S.B. Abh. Naturw. Ges. Isis, 1893: 57–58. HT: juvenile* (NHMW) from San Remo, Italy. Synonymy proposed by Stagl & Stoev (2005). Jeekel, 2000, Myriapod Memor., 2: 16.

Callipus foetidissimus var. spezianus Verhoeff, 1902, Arch. Naturgesch., 68 (1): 187. ST (ZMB): M, F from Spezia, N. Italy, 1 F from Messa, slides of female specimen from Carrara, Italy.

Callipus foetidissimus var. ligurinus Verhoeff, 1902, Arch. Naturgesch., 68 (1): 187. Material (ZMB and NHMW) from Nervi, Italy. Verhoeff, 1909, S.B. Ges. Natf. Freunde Berlin, 4: 218. Verhoeff, 1910, Nova Acta, Acad. Caes. Leopold.-Carol., 92 (2): 375, 382.

Callipus foetidissimus: Silvestri, 1894, Boll. Soc. Rom. Studi Zool., 3: 200. Pocock, 1895, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. "Giacomo Doria", {2} 14: 513. Silvestri, 1895, Natur. Sic., 14, 223, fig. 2. Silvestri, 1898, Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital. Genova, 29 (4): 250. Verhoeff, 1902, Arch. Naturgesch., 68 (1): 188, 194. Brölemann, 1910, Arch. Zool. Exp. Gener. (5 Sér.), 5: 364. Brolemann, 1935, Faune de France, 29: 119, fig. 143. Demange, 1946, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., 2 sér., no. 18 (5): 396. Strasser, 1970, Mem. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Verona, 18: 174, fig. 3. Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin, 1976, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., 3 sér., no. 408: 1115. Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin, 1979, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., 4 sér., no. 1: 79. Demange, 1981, Les mille-pattes, Myriapodes: 64, 66. Mauriès, 1984, Redia, 67: 409. Stagl & Stoev, 2005, Katal. Wiss. Samml. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 19 (2): 9, 17, 19, fig. 5.

Callipus sorrentinus Verhoeff, 1909, S.B. Ges. Natf. Freunde Berlin, 4: 217. ST: 1 exempl. (ZMUH) from a site near Sorrent, Italy. Verhoeff, 1910, Nova Acta, Acad. Caes. Leopold.-Carol., 92 (2): 374, 383, Taf. VIII, figs 151–152. Verhoeff, 1936, Zool. Jahrb. {Syst.}, 68: 421. Verhoeff, 1939, Zool. Jahrb. {Syst.}, 72: 208. Verhoeff, 1941, Z. Morph. Ökol. Tiere, 38 (3–4): 157. Weidner, 1960, Mitt. Hamb. Zool. Mus. Inst., 58: 93. Mauriès, 1969, Ann. Spél., 24 (3): 506. Strasser, 1974, Fragm. Entomol., 10 (3): 253. Demange, 1981, Les mille-pattes, Myriapodes: 64, fig. 25.

Callipus sorrentinus var. olevanensis Verhoeff, 1909, S.B. Ges. Natf. Freunde Berlin, 4: 217. Material: 1 F (ZMB), 1 M* (NHMW) from “Albannergebirge” (Marino) und “Sabinergebirge” (Olevano), Italy. Verhoeff, 1910, Nova Acta, Acad. Caes. Leopold.-Carol., 92 (2): 245, 374, 383, Taf. VIII, fig. 153. Manfredi, 1953, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Milano, 92: 97. Moritz & Fischer, 1974, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 50 (2): 348.

Callipus spezianus: Verhoeff, 1909, S.B. Ges. Natf. Freunde Berlin, 4: 218. Verhoeff, 1910, Nova Acta, Acad. Caes. Leopold.-Carol., 92 (2): 245, 375, 383, textfig. 33, Taf. VIII, figs 148, 155.

Callipus longobardius Verhoeff, 1909, S.B. Ges. Natf. Freunde Berlin, 4: 218. ST: 1 F, 3 juv. (ZMB), 1 M*, 2 FF*, 1 juv. * (NHMW), 3 exempl. (ZMUH), 2 FF* Cat. No. 420 (RMNH) from “Comersee und Riviera”, Italy. Synonymy proposed by Brolemann (1930). Verhoeff, 1910, Nova Acta, Acad. Caes. Leopold.-Carol., 92 (2): 243, 375, 381, Taf. 8, figs 147, 154. Verhoeff, 1921, Arch. Naturgesch., 87 (2): 31, 33. Weidner, 1960, Mitt. Hamb. Zool. Mus. Inst., 58: 93. Moritz & Fischer, 1974, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 50 (2): 340.

Callipus longobardius var. annulatus Verhoeff, 1909, S.B. Ges. Natf. Freunde Berlin, 4: 218. Material from unspecified locality in Italy. Verhoeff, 1910, Nova Acta, Acad. Caes. Leopold.-Carol., 92 (2): 375, 382.

Callipus siculorum Verhoeff, 1909, S.B. Ges. Natf. Freunde Berlin, 4: 218. Female HT (possibly at ZSM, type status of specimen uncertain) from Castrogiovani, Italy. Synonymy proposed by Strasser & Minelli (1984). Verhoeff, 1910, Nova Acta, Acad. Caes. Leopold.-Carol., 92 (2): 357.

Callipus longobardius esterelanus Verhoeff, 1921, Arch. Naturgesch., 87 (2): 35, 38. ST (1 F ZMB; other ST possibly ZSM, type status of specimens uncertain) from Le Trayas, Esterel Mts, France.

Callipus longobardius litoralis Verhoeff, 1921, Arch. Naturgesch., 87 (2): 38, figs 28–29. ST (possibly ZSM, type status of specimen uncertain) from St. Raphael, Italy. Synonymy proposed by Strasser & Minelli (1984). Brolemann, 1930, Bull. Soc. Hist. Natur. Toulouse, 60: 249. Manfredi, 1953, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Milano, 92: 90.

Callipus longobardius var. clavatus Verhoeff, 1921, Arch. Naturgesch., 87 (2): 33, 37, figs 30–31. Material (SMF) from near Grimaldi, St. Jean, San Remo. Brolemann, 1930, Bull. Soc. Hist. Natur. Toulouse, 60: 249.

Callipus rissonius gallicus Brolemann, 1930, Bull. Soc. Hist. Natur. Toulouse, 60: 249, fig. 3. ST (MNHN, see below) from Gard, Basses-Alpes and Melun, France.

Callipus rissonius gallicus var. gallica Brolemann, 1930, Bull. Soc. Hist. Natur. Toulouse, 60: 250. Material (MNHN) from Seine-et-Marne, France.

Callipus rissonius gallicus var. alpestris Brolemann, 1930, Bull. Soc. Hist. Natur. Toulouse, 60: 250, figs 1–2, 6–9. Material (MNHN) from Basses-Alpes (Colmars-les-Alpes), France.

Callipus rissonius gallicus var. Chobauti Brolemann, 1930, Bull. Soc. Hist. Natur. Toulouse, 60: 250, figs 4–5. Material (MNHN) from Gard (Nîmes), France.

Callipus longobardius var. castanearum Verhoeff, 1930, Zool. Jahrb. {Syst.}, 59: 397, figs 17, 21. Material (ZMB, RMNH, BMNH) from S. Dalmazzo di Tenda, near Tenda, near Ormea, near Cuneo, Italy. Moritz & Fischer, 1974, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 50 (2): 341.

Callipus longobardius var. ormeanus Verhoeff, 1930, Zool. Jahrb. {Syst.}, 59: 398, figs 18, 20. Material from a site near Ormea, Italy.

Callipus longobardius var. miocaeus Verhoeff, 1930, Zool. Jahrb. {Syst.}, 59: 398, figs 16, 19. Material from Burgberge near Ceva, Italy.

Callipus sorrentinus boettgeri Verhoeff, 1930, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 16: 567, fig. 1. Male HT (ZMB) from the Botanical Gardens in Portici, Italy. Verhoeff, 1941, Z. Morph. Ökol. Tiere, 38 (3–4): 158, figs? (paper not seen). Manfredi, 1953, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Milano, 92: 81, 96. Moritz & Fischer, 1974, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 50 (2): 330.

Callipus sorrentinus aprutianus Verhoeff, 1931, Zool. Jahrb. {Syst.}, 60: 318. M and 3 FF ST (possibly ZSM, type status of specimens uncertain) from sites near Aquila in Abruzzia and village of Piediluco, Italy. Synonymy proposed by Strasser & Minelli (1984). Verhoeff, 1936, Zool. Jahrb. {Syst.}, 68: 420, fig. 96. Verhoeff, 1941, Z. Morph. Ökol. Tiere, 38 (3–4): 157. Verhoeff, 1952, Bonn. Zool. Beitr., 3 (1–2): 144, figs 30–31. Manfredi, 1953, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Milano, 92: 97. Strasser, 1958, Boll. Soc. Adr. Sci. Nat., 49, 147.

Callipus foetidissimus gallicus: Brolemann, 1935, Faune de France, 29: 125, figs 144–147. Demange, 1946, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., 2 sér., no. 18 (5): 395, fig. 3. Schubart, 1960, Rev. Suisse Zool., 67: 579. Demange, 1981, Les millepattes, Myriapodes: 66, fig. 24.

Callipus rissonius gallicus var. alpestris: Brolemann, 1935, Faune de France, 29: 125, figs 149–156.

Callipus foetidissimus gallicus var. Chobauti: Brolemann, 1935, Faune de France, 29: 125, figs 157–158.

Callipus faucium Verhoeff, 1936, Zool. Jahrb. {Syst.}, 68: 422, fig. 95. Male HT (possibly ZSM, type status of specimen uncertain) from Pegazzano, Spezia, Italy.

Callipus taranus Verhoeff, 1936, Zool. Jahrb. {Syst.}, 68: 423, fig. 94. Male HT (possibly ZSM, type status of specimen uncertain) from Borgotaro, N Italy. Synonymy proposed by Strasser & Minelli (1984). Manfredi, 1953, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Milano, 92: 90.

Callipus sorrentinus dentiger Verhoeff, 1941, Z. Morph. Ökol. Tiere, 38 (3–4): 155, figs? (paper not seen). ST: ad. & subad. FF*, fragment of specimen (M?)* (ZMAN) from “Ischia, Nordhang des Mte. Epomeo”, Italy. Manfredi, 1953, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Milano, 92: 83, 96. Manfredi, 1957, Annu. Inst. Mus. Zool. Univ. Napoli, 9 (2): 2.

Callipus foetidissimus gallicus var. denticulatus Demange, 1946, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., 2 sér., no. 18 (5): 394, figs 1–2. 2 MM ST (MNHN) from the catacombs of the Paris Museum, France.

Callipus sorrentinus epomeanus Verhoeff, 1952, Bonn. Zool. Beitr., 3 (1–2): 145, figs 32–34. Male HT (1 identified specimen in ZSM) from Epomea Mts, Italy. Manfredi, 1953, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Milano, 92: 97.

Callipus longobardius clavatus (subspecific rank, sic!): Manfredi, 1953, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Milano, 92: 90.

Callipus longobardius ligurinus (subspecific rank, sic!): Manfredi, 1953, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Milano, 92: 90.

Callipus sorrentinus sardus Manfredi, 1953, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Milano, 92: 98, figs 16–17 (see also pp. 96–97). ST: 1M, 4FF (MSNM) from Su Colori Cave, Laerru, Sardinia, Italy. Synonymy proposed by Strasser & Minelli (1984). Manfredi, 1976, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Milano, 117 (3–4): 224.

Callipus sorrentinus remyi Manfredi, 1953, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Milano, 92: 97 [nomen nudum]. Manfredi, 1956, Comm. 1er Congr. Int. Spél., Paris, 3: 291, fig. 1 (paper not seen). Male HT (MSNM) from “Grotte de Sabara”, Corsica, France. Mauriès, 1969 Ann. Spél., 24 (3): 506. Manfredi, 1976, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Milano, 117 (3–4): 224.

Callipus ( sorrentinus ?) [sic!]: Strasser, 1970, Mem. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Verona, 17: 172.

Callipus foetidissimus var. calaber Strasser, 1971, Mem. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Verona, 19: 9, figs 9–10. Material: 4 MM, 1 juv. from Tiriolo Caves near Catanzaro, Calabria, Italy.

Callipus foetidissimus var. ligurinus: Moritz & Fischer, 1974, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 50 (2): 335.

Callipus foetidissimus sorrentinus: Strasser, 1974, Fragm. Entomol., 10 (3): 253, figs 48–49. Strasser, 1982, Boll. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Verona, 8: 229. Strasser & Minelli, 1984, Lav. Soc. Venez. Sci. Nat., 9 (2): 204. Minelli, 1985, Mem. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Verona, II Serie, Biologica, 4: 13.

Callipus foetidissimus foetidissimus: Strasser, 1974, Fragm. Entomol., 10 (3): 254. Strasser & Minelli, 1984, Lav. Soc. Venez. Sci. Nat., 9 (2): 204. Minelli, 1985, Mem. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Verona, II Serie, Biologica, 4: 12.

Range: Corsica, French mainland, Italian mainland, Monaco, Sardinia, Sicily (doubtful), Switzerland?

Remarks: According to Strasser (1974b), Strasser & Minelli (1984) and Minelli (1985) there are only two valid subspe-

cies of C. foetidissimus – the nominal one occuring in the northern part of Italy and France and sorrentinus restricted to

southern Italian provinces Umbria, Lazio, Campania, Calabria and Sardinia. However, none of the above mentioned

authors formalized the synonymy of Callipus faucium, C. longbobardius esterelanus, C. rissonius gallicus, C. sorrenti-

nus dentiger, C. sorrentinus boettgeri, C. sorrentinus epomeanus and C. sorrentinus remyi . Thus, their inclusion in the

list of synonyms is provisional. See Minelli (1985) for complete bibliography of Italian cave records.