Scybalocanthon maculatus (Schmidt, 1920)

(Figs. 1 N–O, 4N, 5M, 6B)

Canthon maculatus Schmidt, 1920: 127 (original description); Schmidt 1922: 65, 77 (diagnosis, distribution); Balthasar 1939: 193 (identification key); Krajcik 2006: 28 (catalog); Krajcik 2012: 64 (catalog); Vaz-de-Mello & Cupello 2018: 45 (data of type specimens), 46 (figs. 29–30).

Canthon maculatum: Blackwelder 1944: 200 (checklist).

Scybalocanthon maculatus: Pereira & Martínez 1956: 115, 119 (catalog and identification key); Vulcano & Pereira 1964: 638 (catalog); Vulcano & Pereira 1967: 555 (distribution, identification key); Halffter & Martínez 1977: 68 (checklist); Carvajal et al. 2011: 316 (cited for Ecuador); Chamorro et al. 2018: 98 (cited for Ecuador); Chamorro et al. 2019: 230, 231 (catalog of dung beetles species from Ecuador).

Scybalocanthon maculatum: Vaz-de-Mello 2000: 195 (checklist).

Diagnosis. Specimens of S. maculatus are readily distinguishable from all other species by the pronotum usually with three spots along midline (anterior spot triangular in shape; posterior spots rounded in shape) and one rounded spot on each side of midline (Fig. 1N). The three central spots can be fused (Fig. 1O). In some individuals from Loja (Ecuador), spots are missing. In addition, males have a diagnostic aedeagus with parameres elongate, not excavated ventrally (Fig. 4N); and endophallus lacking bristles or microbristles close to the FLP sclerite (Fig. 5M).

Description. Body. Oval, lateral edges rounded. Surface opaque, completely microgranulate, with small and dense punctures difficult to see under low magnification. Color. Most of pronotum, lateral portion of hypomera, lateral portion of abdominal ventrites, pygidium, and middle of femora yellow. Head, spots of pronotum, elytra, internal portion of hypomera, prosternum, mesoventrite, mesoepisternae, metaepisternae, metaventrite, central portion of abdominal ventrites, proximal and distal portions of femora, and tibiae black. Length. 7.8–8.7 mm. Thorax. Anterior angles of pronotum acute (approximately 80°). Lateral margin regularly curved outward, not forming an angle at the middle portion. Elytra. Striae thin and shiny, punctures inconspicuous. Eighth stria with a thin carina at the anterior portion that disappears after the carina and reappears at the middle of elytra. Aedeagus. Parameres slightly asymmetrical, with subrectangular shape, truncate apically (Fig. 4N). Dorsal margin of parameres slightly curved inward from the basal to medial portions and substraight at the apical portion. Ventral margin of parameres substraight. SRP circular, with substraight handle-shaped extension (Fig. 5M). FLP I-shaped (Fig. 5M). A+SA with two superposed and elongate sclerites (Fig. 5M). AS I-shaped (Fig. 5M).

Type material. Canthon maculatus Schmidt, lectotype ♂ (here designated; NHRS) “ Santa Jnéz / ( Ecuad.) / R. Haensch S.” // “ Typus ” // “ Typ. ” // “9846 / E92 +” // “maculatus / Type m.” // “ LECTOTYPE ♂ / Canthon / maculatus / Schm. / des. F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello ” . Paralectotypes 2♂ (NHRS): “Santa Jnéz / (Ecuad.) / R. Haensch S.” // “9843 / E92 + or 9842 / E92 +” // “ Scybalocanthon / maculatus / (Schm) / P. PEREIRA DET.” // “PARACTO- TYPE / Canthon / maculatus / Schm. / des. F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello ” . Paralectotype ♀ (NHRS): “Santa Jnéz/ (Ecuad.)/ R. Haensch S.” // “9845 / E92 +” // “PARACTOTYPE / Canthon ♀ / maculatus / Schm. / des. F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello ”. Paralectotype ♀ (NHRS): “ Santa Jnéz / (Ecuad.) / R. Haensch S.” // “29845 / E92 +” // “26 / 56 ” // “PARACTO- TYPE / Canthon / maculatus / Schm. / des. F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello ”. Paralectotype 3♂ and 1♀ (SMTD): “ Ecuador / Baron” // “ Coll. C. Felsche / Kauf 20 / 1918” // “PARACTOTYPE / Canthon ♂ / maculatus / Schm. / des. F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello ”. Paralectotype ♂ (SMTD): “ Ecuador / 5255” // “ Canthon / maculatus / a. Schmidt ” // “PARAC- TOTYPE / Canthon ♂ / maculatus / Schm. / des. F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello ”. Paralectotype ♀ (SMTD): “ Santa Jnéz / ( Ecuad.) / R. Haensch S.” // “ Canthon / maculatus / a. Schmidt ” // “ Coll. C. Felsche / Kauf 20/ 1918” // “ Typus ” // “PARACTOTYPE / Canthon ♀ / maculatus / Schm. / des. F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello ”. Paralectotype 1♂ and 1♀ (SMTD): “ Santa Jnéz / (Ecuad.)/ R. Haensch S.” // “ Coll. C. Felsche / Kauf 20/ 1918”. // “PARACTOTYPE / Canthon ♀ or ♂ / maculatus / Schm. / des. F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello ” .

Non-type material [90 males, 92 females]: ECUADOR: NAPO: Río Hollin (77°40’W, 00°42’S), 6.xii.1997, 1100 m, Z. Aguilar— 1♂ (CEMT); Río Hollin, C. Padilha— 1♂ (CEMT); Río Hollin (77°45’W, 00°57’S), J. C. Santos— 1♂ 1♀ (CEMT); El Reventador, 6.viii. 1998, 760 m, C. Caplo— 1♀ (CEMT); Los Guacanayos, Piviyacu, 29–31.xii.1995, P. Padilha— 1♀ (CEMT); La Merced de Jondachi, Rio Jondachi, 25.viii.2010, W. Chamoro— 1♂ (CEMT); km 11.1 Sarayacu-Loreto road, 1200 m (0°42’37’’S, 77°43’10’’W), 14.vii.1994, F. Génier, cloud forest, carrion trap— 9♂ 7♀ (CMNC); km 11.1 Sarayacu-Loreto road, 1200 m (0°42’37’’S, 77°43’10’’W), 20.vii.1994, F. Génier, cloud forest, feces trap— 9♂ 5♀ (CMNC); km 25.4 Sarayacu-Loreto road, 950 m (0°43’6’’S, 77°37’18’’W), 12.vii.1994, F. Génier, cloud forest, feces trap— 4♂ 3♀ (CMNC); km 25.4 Sarayacu-Loreto road, 950 m (0°43’6’’S, 77°37’18’’W), 14.vii.1994, F. Génier, cloud forest, feces trap— 4♂ 6♀ (CMNC); km 7.3 Sarayacu-Loreto road, 1200 m (0°43’2’’S, 77°44’11’’W), 11.vii.1994, F. Génier, cloud forest, feces trap— 3♂ 1♀ (CMNC); km 7.3 Sarayacu- Loreto road, 1200 m (0°43’2’’S, 77°44’11’’W), 14.vii.1994, F. Génier, cloud forest, feces trap— 4♂ 3♀ (CMNC); km 7.3 Sarayacu-Loreto road, 1200 m (0°43’2’’S, 77°44’11’’W), 20.vii.1994, F. Génier, cloud forest, feces trap— 1♂ 2♀ (CMNC); PASTAZA: Mera, Estação Biológica Pinto Mirador UTE [Usina Termeletrica] (78°06’29”W, 1°27’25”S), 22.iii.2012, 1000 m, C. Luzuriaga— 1♂ 1♀ (CEMT); 1 km E Mera, 1100 m (1°27’12’’S, 78°6’31’’W), 13–17.vii.1976, S. Peck, ravine edge forest, carrion & dung traps— 1♂ (CMNC); Llandia, 17 km N Puyo, 1000 m (1°21’3’’S, 77°58’4’’W), 16.vii.1994, F. Génier, remnant rainforest, hand collecting— 1♀ (CMNC); Llandia, 17 km N Puyo, 1000 m (1°21’3’’S, 77°58’4’’W), 19.vii.1994, F. Génier, remnant rainforest, feces trap— 2♂ 1♀ (CMNC); TUNGURAHUA: Baños, El Topo (78°22’52”W, 1°23’41”N), 23.i.2011, 1590 m, G. Maldonato— 15♂ 16♀ (CEMT); 4.3 km E Río Negro, remnant cloud forest, 18.vii.1994, 1200 m, F. Génier— 2♂ 1♀ (CEMT). 3 km W Río Negro, 1200 m (1°24’36’’S, 78°14’29’’W), 18.vii.1994, F. Génier, cloud forest, feces trap— 2♀ (CMNC); 4.3 km E Río Negro, 1200 m (1°26’8’’S, 78°10’37’’W), 18.vii.1994, F. Génier, remnant cloud forest, feces trap— 8♂ 18♀ (CMNC); 4.3 km E Río Negro, 1200 m (1°26’8’’S, 78°10’37’’W), 20.vii.1994, F. Génier, cloud forest, feces trap— 13♂ 13♀ (CMNC, MZUFPA); 6 km E Río Negro, 1500 m (1°26’53’’S, 78°10’13’’W), 17.vii.1973 – 13.vii.1976, S. Peck, carrion trap (traps 49-50)— 6♂ 5♀ (CMNC); 8 km E Río Negro, 10 km W Pastaza [= Shell City], 1400 m (1°26’40’’S, 78°10’28’’W), 13–17.vii.1976, S. Peck, forest, carrion trap— 1♀ (CMNC); 8 km E Río Negro, 10 km W Pastaza [= Shell City], 1400 m (1°26’40’’S, 78°10’28’’W), 13–17.vii.1976, S. Peck, forest, dung traps— 3♂ (CMNC); LOJA, Loja (3°59’30’’S, 79°11’36’’W), [no date], Abbé Gaujon— 2♀ (CMNC); MORONA- SANTIAGO, Ángel Rouby, sitio 8, 1300 m (2°21’39’’S, 78°2’2’’W), 2.ii.2002, J. Celi, pitfall trap, feces— 1♀ (CMNC).

Distribution. Known from Ecuador (Fig. 6B). Endemism areas: Brazilian sub-region: Boreal Brazilian dominion: Napo province (see Morrone 2014; fig. 12).