Scybalocanthon aereus (Schmidt, 1922)

(Figs. 1C, 3I, 4 C–D, 5C, 6A)

Canthon aereus Schmidt, 1922: 65, 72, 95 (original description and remarks); Balthasar 1939: 192 (redescription); Krajcik 2006: 25 (catalog); Krajcik 2012: 63 (catalog); Vaz-de-Mello & Cupello 2018: 53 (data of type specimens), 55 (figs. 55–57).

Canthon aereum: Blackwelder 1944: 198 (checklist).

Scybalocanthon aereus: Pereira & Martínez 1956: 115, 119 (catalog and identification key); Vulcano & Pereira 1964: 637 (catalog); Vulcano & Pereira 1967: 555 (distribution, identification key); Halffter & Martínez 1977: 67 (species list); Ratcliffe et al. 2015: 196 (cited for Peru).

Scybalocanthon aereum: Vulcano & Pereira 1964: 637 (catalog).

Scybalocanthon zischkai Martínez, 1949: 189, fig. 4 (original description and identification key); Pereira & Martínez 1956: 114, 119 (catalog and identification key); Vulcano & Pereira 1964: 639 (catalog); Vulcano & Pereira 1967: 554 (distribution, identification key); Halffter & Martínez, 1977: 67 (species list); Ratcliffe et al. 2015: 196 (cited for Peru); Vaz-de-Mello & Silva 2017: 144, 146 (identification key and distribution). New subjective synonymy

Diagnosis. Specimens of S. aereus (Fig. 1C) are similar to those of S. adisi (Fig. 1B) in body coloration; aedeagus with parameres elongate, subrectangular, not excavated on ventral margin (Figs. 4 C–D, B); and endophallus lacking bristles or microbristles close to the FLP sclerite (Figs. 5 B–C). However, S. aereus can be distinguished by having a thin carina at the anterior portion of the eighth elytral stria (as Fig. 3D).

Description. Body. Oval, lateral edges rounded. Surface opaque, completely microgranulate. Color. Pronotum, lateral portion of hypomera, abdomen, and pygidium yellow. Metafemora uniformly colored, metallic green, or bicoloured, with yellow and black areas. Other parts brown. Length. 7.9–10.0 mm. Thorax. Anterior angles of pronotum acute (approximately 85°). Lateral margin regularly curved outward, not forming an angle at the middle portion. Elytra. Striae thin and shiny, impressed, punctures inconspicuous. Interstrial surface with ocellar punctures, microgranulate. Eighth stria with a thin carina at the anterior portion. Aedeagus. Parameres slightly asymmetrical, with subrectangular shape of apex (Figs. 4 C–D). Dorsal margin of right paramere curved inward from the basal to medial portions, apical portion substraight. Dorsal margin of left paramere curved inward at the basal and medial portions, apical portion substraight. Ventral margin of right and left parameres substraight. SRP circular, with substraight handle-shaped extension (Fig. 5C). FLP I-shaped, irregular (Fig. 5C). A+SA with two superposed and elongate sclerites (Fig. 5C). AS I-shaped, irregular (Fig. 5C).

Type material. Canthon aereus Schmidt lectotype ♂ (here designated; SMTD): “Amazonas” // “ Coll. C. Felsche / Kauf 20 / 1918” // “ LECTOTYPE ♂ / Canthon / aereus / Schmidt / des. F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello”. Paralectotype ♂ (MNHU): “O. Bolivien / Prov. Sara / J. Steinbach S. V.” // [illegible text] “ Har. ” // “ 117.091 ” // “ canthon / aereus / n. sp. a. Schmidt ” // “ PARALECTOTYPE / Canthon ♂ / aereus / Schmidt / des. F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello” . Paralectotype ♂ (MNHU): “Ost. Bolivien / Steinbach S. V.” // “117.091” // “ PARALECTOTYPE / Canthon ♂ / aereus / Schmidt / des. F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello” . Paralectotype ♀ (MNHU): “O. Bolivien / Prov. Sara 600/ [strikethrough text] - 700m. IX. 1906.III. / 07 J. Steinbach S. V.” // “ 117.091 ” // “ PARALECTOTYPE / Canthon ♂ / aereus / Schmidt / des. F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello”. Paralectotype ♀ (SMTD): “Typus” // “1910 / 8” // “ Peru ” // “ W. Schnuse / 1. 12. 03” // “ PARALECTOTYPE / Canthon ♂ / aereus / Schmidt / des. F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello”. Paralectotype ♀ (NHRS): “ Peru ” // “ aereus / type m. ” // “ 12 / 56” // “9226 / E92 +” // “ aereus a. Schmidt. ” // “ Scybalocanthon / aereus / Schm / P. Pereira det.” // “Typus”// “ Typ. ” // “ PARALECTOTYPE / Canthon ♂ / aereus / Schmidt / des. F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello ” .

Canthon zischkai Martínez, Holotype ♂ (MACN): [aedeagus glued on a card] // “ CHAPARE/ BOLIVIA / ZISCHKA COL. / Coll. Martínez / 2-VI-948 ” // “ HOLOTIPO ♂ ” // “ Scybalocanthon / zischkai ♂ / sp.n. A. MAR- TÍNEZ DET. 19 49 ” // “BOLIVIA / [illegible text] / 400m / Zischka” // “MACN-En / 1569” // “ FICHADO ” . Allotype ♀ (MACN): “ Bolivia trop / Rio Coni- 400 m. / R. Zischka ” // Scybalocanthon / zischkai ♀ / A. MARTINEZ DET. 1949 // ALOTYPO ♀ // MACN-Em / 1570 // “FICHADO” . Paratypes: BOLIVIA: [unspecified locality], 400 m (16°30’S, 65°30’W), [no date], Zischka— 1♂ 1♀ (paratypes) (CMNC); Río Coni, 400 m, [no date], R. Zischka— 1♀ (CMNC) ; Yungas (16°30’S, 65°30’W), i.1949, Bridarolli— 1♂ (CMNC) ; Provincia Ichilo, Río Ichilo, 350 m, [no date], Steinbach— 1♀ (CMNC) ; Provincia Nor Yungas, Río Coroico y Choro Daleu, 700 m, i.1949, Martínez— 1♀ (CMNC) .

Non-type material [52 males, 32 females]: BRAZIL: ACRE, Mâncio Lima, Floresta sobre areia branca (72°54.110’W, 07°28.584’S), 5.xii.2012, Luiz H.M.B. & Adem N.S.G.F.— 11♂ 7♀ (CEMT); Xapuri, Reserva Chico Mendes, Amazon rainforest (68°40’698”W, 10°20’90.0”S), 17.x.2008, pitfall human feces, J. Silveira— 1♀ (CEMT); Xapuri, Reserva Chico Mendes, Amazon rainforest (68°41’43”W, 10°28’812”S), 27.x.2008, pitfall human feces, J. Silveira— 1♂ (CEMT). MATO GROSSO: Araputan, Fazenda Bandeirantes (58°26’23”W, 15°22’18”S), 23.i.2013, R.J. Silva— 3♂ (CEMT). PERU: JUNÍN, Alto Anapati & Bajo Tsitsireni, 90–105 km SE Satipo, 800– 1200 m (11°45’S, 74°10’W), 2.viii.1972, R.T. Schuh— 1♀ (CMNC); LORETO, Río Samiria, Reserva Nacional Pacaya, Samiria, 150 m (5°13’17’’S, 75°6’17’’W), 20.viii.1991, G.E. Ball & D. Shpeley, forest floor, 15-91— 1♂ 1♀ (CMNC); MADRE DE DIOS, Cocha Salvador, Parque Nacional del Manú, 310 m (12°0’13’’S, 71°31’36’’W), 20–21.x.2000, R. Brooks, flight interception trap (2000-70)— 2♂ 3♀ (CMNC); Reserva Cuzco Amazonica, 15 km NE Puerto Maldonado, 200 m (12°33’S, 69°3’W), 13.vi.1989, Ashe & Leschen, swamp forest, flight interception trap— 1♂ (CMNC); Reserva Cuzco Amazonica, 15 km NE Puerto Maldonado, 200 m (12°33’S, 69°3’W), 17.vi.1989, Ashe & Leschen, terraform forest, flight interception trap— 1♀ (CMNC); Reserva Cuzco Amazonica, 15 km NE Puerto Maldonado, 200 m (12°33’S, 69°3’W), 17.vi.1989, Ashe & Leschen, swamp forest, flight interception trap— 1♂ (CMNC); Reserva Cuzco Amazonica, 15 km NE Puerto Maldonado, 200 m (12°33’S, 69°3’W), 20.vi.1989, Ashe & Leschen, swamp forest, flight interception trap— 1♀ (CMNC); Reserva Cuzco Amazonica, 15 km NE Puerto Maldonado, 200 m (12°33’S, 69°3’W), 22.vi.1989, Ashe & Leschen, terraform swamp forest, flight interception trap— 1♀ (CMNC); Reserva Cuzco Amazonica, 15 km NE Puerto Maldonado, 200 m (12°33’S, 69°3’W), 24.vi.1989, Ashe & Leschen, terraform forest, flight interception trap— 1♀ (CMNC); Reserva Cuzco Amazonica, 15 km NE Puerto Maldonado, 200 m (12°33’S, 69°3’W), 24.vi.1989, R. Leschen, swamp forest, flight interception trap— 2♂ (CMNC); Reserva Cuzco Amazonica, 15 km NE Puerto Maldonado, 200 m (12°33’S, 69°3’W), 10.vii.1989, Ashe & Leschen, swamp forest, flight interception trap— 1♂ (CMNC). HUANUCO, Puerto Inca (74°57’52”W, 9°22’39”S), 20.ii.2005 — 1♂ 1♀ (CEMT). BOLIVIA: COCHABAMBA, Estación Biológica El Valle del Sajta, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, 67.5 km E Villa Tunari, 300 m (17°6’19’’S, 64°46’57’’W), 7–9.ii.1999, F. Génier, lowland rainforest, flight interception trap (1999-42)— 1♀ (CMNC); Estación Biológica El Valle del Sajta, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, 67.5 km E Villa Tunari, 300 m (17°6’19’’S, 64°46’57’’W), 7–9.ii.1999, F. Génier, lowland rainforest, dung trap (1999-43)— 3♂ 2♀ (CMNC); Estación Biológica El Valle del Sajta, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, 67.5 km E Villa Tunari, 300 m (17°6’19’’S, 64°46’57’’W), 7–9.ii.1999, F. Génier, lowland rainforest, dung trap (1999-44)— 2♂ 1♀ (CMNC); Estación Biológica El Valle del Sajta, Uni- versidad Mayor de San Simón, 67.5 km E Villa Tunari, 300 m (17°6’19’’S, 64°46’57’’W), 7–9.ii.1999, F. Génier, lowland rainforest, carrion trap (1999-46)— 4♀ (CMNC); Estación Biológica El Valle del Sajta, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, 67.5 km E Villa Tunari, 300 m (17°6’19’’S, 64°46’57’’W), 7–9.ii.1999, F. Génier, lowland rainforest, carrion trap (1999-47)— 2♂ 4♀ (CMNC); Estación Biológica El Valle del Sajta, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, 67.5 km E Villa Tunari, 300 m (17°6’19’’S, 64°46’57’’W), 7–9.ii.1999, F. Génier, lowland rainforest, carrion trap (1999-48)— 2♂ 5♀ (CMNC); Estación Biológica El Valle del Sajta, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, 67.5 km E Villa Tunari, 300 m (17°6’19’’S, 64°46’57’’W), 7–9.ii.1999, F. Génier, lowland rainforest, flight interception trap (1999-41)— 1♂ (CMNC); Estación Biológica El Valle del Sajta, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, 67.5 km E Villa Tunari, 300 m (17°6’19’’S, 64°46’57’’W), 9–13.ii.1999, F. Génier, lowland rainforest, flight interception trap (1999-69)— 2♀ (CMNC); Estación Biológica El Valle del Sajta, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, 67.5 km E Villa Tunari, 300 m (17°6’19’’S, 64°46’57’’W), 9–13.ii.1999, F. Génier, lowland rainforest, dung trap (1999-71)— 3♂ 2♀ (CMNC); Estación Biológica El Valle del Sajta, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, 67.5 km E Villa Tunari, 300 m (17°6’19’’S, 64°46’57’’W), 9–13.ii.1999, F. Génier, lowland rainforest, carrion trap (1999-74)— 5♂ 5♀ (CMNC, MZUFPA); Estación Biológica El Valle del Sajta, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, 67.5 km E Villa Tunari, 300 m (17°6’19’’S, 64°46’57’’W), 9–13.ii.1999, F. Génier, lowland rainforest, carrion trap (1999-75)— 2♂ 3♀ (CMNC); Estación Biológica El Valle del Sajta, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, 67.5 km E Villa Tunari, 300 m (17°6’19’’S, 64°46’57’’W), 9–13.ii.1999, F. Génier, lowland rainforest, carrion trap (1999-73)— 1♂ (CMNC); Provincia Cha- pare, Region Chapare, 400 m (16°30’S, 65°30’W), 5.v.1951, Zischka— 1♀ (CMNC); San Francisco del Chip- iriri, 400 m, iv.1953, Martínez— 3♂ (CMNC); [unspecified locality] (65°40’56”W, 16°43’13”S), 400 m, iv.1953, Martínez— 2♂ 2♀ (CEMT). Villa Tunari (16°59’S, 65°26’W), 10–28.xi.1992, [anonymous]— 1♀ (CMNC); Villa Tunari (16°59’S, 65°26’W), 10–29.xi.1992, A. Martínez— 1♂ 1♀ (CMNC); LA PAZ, Chalalán, Río Tuichi, 320 m (14°25.6’S, 67°55.2’W), 10–20.viii.1995, S. Spector, flight interception trap— 1♂ (CMNC).

Distribution. Known from Brazil (Acre, Mato Grosso), Bolivia, and Peru (Fig. 6A). Endemism areas: Brazilian sub-region: South Brazilian dominion: Ucayale, Yungas, and Rondônia provinces (see Morrone 2014; fig. 12).

Remarks. Schmidt (1922) described Canthon aereus based on specimens from “Amazonas”, Bolivia, and Peru. These syntypes were found by Fernando Vaz-de-Mello in SMTD, MNHU, and NHRS. They were photographed and sent to us, including photographs of the aedeagus of the specimen here designated as lectotype (Fig. 4D). Martínez (1949) described Scybalocanthon zischkai based on specimens from Bolivia [holotype from Río Coni, Chapare, Cochabamba, Bolivia]. We have examined photographs of holotype of Scybalocanthon zischkai [including its aedeagus]. Two paratypes from the type locality were also dissected by us. We did not find significant differences in the shape of aedeagus and body external morphology between the type specimens of Canthon aereus and Scybalocanthon zischkai . The type specimens of S. zischkai have elytral striae less impressed than that of S. aereus . However, these two patterns of elytral striae have been observed in different specimens from the same locality, which were recently collected in Peru and Brazil (Acre, Mato Grosso). We therefore consider S. zischkai Martínez, 1949 a new junior subjective synonym of S. aereus (Schmidt, 1922) .