Sphyrna tiburo (Linnaeus, 1758)

Extant specimens: ACL-HN-0046 (Fig. 8).

Classification on the specimen: “A. N. Squalus tiburo ”.

Common names on the specimen (Portuguese/Tupi): “Cação Martello”/ “Papana”.

Comments: The Ajuda inventory (Ferreira, 1794) lists seven herborized specimens of Squalus . Similarly, the list of species transferred to the Lisbon Academy of Sciences includes three specimens of Squalus zygaena . Considering that both are hammerhead sharks, it is reasonable to assume that this specific specimen was likely documented as Squalus zygaena . In Ichthyologia Fluminesis manuscript, Squallus [sic] tiburo is described and shares the same vernacular names. Antunes & Balbino (2003) have also classified the specimen as Sphyrna tiburo . Sphyrna tiburo is widely distributed, occurring in the Western Atlantic from Rhode Island (USA) to Bahia (Brazil), and in the Eastern Pacific from southern California (USA) to Ecuador (Ebert et al. 2021). This species is classified as “Critically Endangered” in Brazil (CR; ICMBIO, 2018) and it is considered extinct from coastal areas of South and Southeastern Brazil (Gomes et al. 2010; Ebert et al. 2021).

Order Rhinopristiformes