Scolytus ensifer (Eichhoff, 1881)

Distribution in Iran. Guilan (Amini et al. 2012, 2014; Amini & Hosseini 2012; Amini et al. 2013), Markazi (Borumand 1998), northern provinces (Modarres Awal 1997), Iran (no locality cited) (Knížek 2011). General distribution. Central and southern Europe, southern Russia, Azerbaijan, Turkey.

Biology. It breeds in species of Ulmus, Zelkova (Ulmaceae) and sometimes in Prunus (Rosaceae) (Michalski 1973). Recorded from Ulmus sp. ( Ulmaceae) (Modarres Awal 1997), and Ulmus minor (Amini et al. 2013) in Iran. Michalski (1973) describes the gallery system, and notes that it is the only polygamous species of Scolytus in the Palaearctic. The others are monogamous or bigamous.