Scolytus pygmaeus (Fabricius, 1787)

Distribution in Iran. Golestan (Samin et al. 2011), Guilan (Amini & Hosseini 2012; Amini et al. 2012, 2013, 2014).

General distribution. Europe except the far North, southern Russia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Turkey.

Biology. The species breeds primarily in species of Ulmus (Ulmaceae), but is also recorded from species in the families Fagaceae, Oleaceae and Rosaceae (Stark 1952; Michalski 1973; Aksent’ev 1993). Recorded in Iran from Ulmus minor (Samin et al. 2011; Amini et al. 2013). Michalski (1973) describes the gallery system. Maksimović and Motal (1981) compare various aspects of its biology with S. scolytus and S. multistriatus . Basset et al. (1992) and Faccoli and Battisti (1997) consider the species to be as effective a carrier of the fungus causing Dutch elm disease as S. multistriatus .