Taphrorychus villifrons (Dufour, 1843)

Distribution in Iran. Guilan, Tehran (Borumand 1998), northern provinces (Modarres Awal 1997 as Taphrorynchus [sic] villifrons), Iran (no locality cited) (Knížek 2011).

General distribution. Europe, North Africa, Turkey.

Biology. The species breeds primarily in trees of the families Fagaceae ( Fagus, Quercus) and Betulaceae (Carpinus), but may also attack trees of other families (Stark 1952). Recorded in Iran from Quercus sp. ( Fagaceae), and Cerasus avium (Rosaceae) (Modarres Awal 1997). Like other species of Taphrorychus, it is polygamous, with several maternal galleries radiating from a central chamber in the phloem (Balachowsky 1949). Büssler and Immler (2007) suggest that the species is extending its distribution in Germany and becoming more abundant as a result of climatic warming.