Pityogenes calcaratus (Eichhoff, 1878)

Distribution in Iran. East Azarbaijan (Samin et al. 2011).

General distribution. Southern Europe, North Africa, Israel, Syria, Turkey.

Biology. The species breeds in species of Pinus (Pinaceae) . Recorded in Iran from Pinus brutia (Pinaceae) (Samin et al. 2011). The species usually breeds in branches of small diameter (Chararas 1962). The gallery system resembles that of P. bidentatus (Schedl 1966) . Diurnal flight patterns were studied by Mendel et al. (1991). Together with Orthotomicus erosus, its attacks on pine plantations after thinning or damage by fire can result in mass mortality of trees (Mendel et al. 1991).