Key to males of Costanana

Except Costanana nupera only known for the female.

1. Aedeagus with pair of processes arising near base or midlength of shaft; distal portion without processes (Figs 1L–M, 9L–M) ......................................................................................................... 2

– Aedeagus without processes near base and with apical or subapical processes (Fig. 7L–M) .......... 8

2. Aedeagus with processes at base or midlength not extending parallel to shaft to near apex (Fig. 1L– M) ..................................................................................................................................................... 3

– Aedeagus with long and slender processes at base or midlength of shaft, extending parallel to shaft to near apex (Fig. 9L–M) .................................................................................................................. 4

3. Style with apex truncated, forming a pair of acute processes, one directed dorsally and one ventrally (Fig. 1K). Aedeagus with pair of wing-shaped processes near base, shaft with slender basodorsal process and pair of minute spurs near midlength of ventral margin (Fig. 1L–M) .... C. alata sp. nov.

– Style apical portion slender and sharp-pointed (DeLong & Freytag 1972b: 493, fig. 13). Aedeagus with pair of slender processes near midlength of shaft; apex with three spiniform processes (DeLong & Freytag 1972b: 493, figs 11–12) ............................. C. flavina DeLong & Freytag, 1972

4. Subgenital plate without long filiform setae, apex broad and rounded (DeLong & Wolda 1983: 467, fig. 4) .......................................................................................... C. santana DeLong & Wolda, 1983

– Subgenital plate with long filiform setae, apex tapered, narrow ...................................................... 5

5. Style bifid subapically (Fig. 2K). Aedeagus with shaft short and robust (Fig. 2L) ............................ .................................................................................................................................. C. bifida sp. nov.

– Style long and slender, apical portion not bifid apically (Fig. 9K). Aedeagus with shaft long and slender (Fig. 9L–M) .......................................................................................................................... 6

6. Head with anterior margin red (Fig. 9A–C). Aedeagus, in lateral view, with laterobasal pair of processes abruptly broadened at midlength (Fig. 9L) ............................ C. rubromarginata sp. nov.

– Head with anterior margin brown (Fig. 18A–C). Aedeagus, in lateral view, with laterobasal pair of processes nearly uniformly narrow (DeLong & Freytag 1972b: 493, figs 2, 7) ............................... 7

7. Aedeagus, in posterior view, with shaft uniform in width to blunt apex, not longer than laterobasal processes (DeLong & Freytag 1972b: 493, fig. 1) ......................................... C. nana (Fowler, 1903)

– Aedeagus, in posterior view, with shaft tapering to acute apex, longer than laterobasal processes (DeLong & Freytag 1972b: 493, fig. 6) ............................... C. helvacosta DeLong & Freytag, 1972

8. Aedeagus with a single apical process curved ventrally (DeLong & Wolda 1983: 467, figs 10–11) ..................................................................................................... C. apicata DeLong & Wolda, 1983

– Aedeagus with more than one apical process ................................................................................... 9

9. Aedeagus with one pair of long apical or subapical processes ....................................................... 10

– Aedeagus with more than one pair of processes, varying in length ............................................... 13

10. Style acute apically (Fig. 8K). Aedeagus with apical pair of processes simple, without spurs near base (Fig. 8L) ...................................................................................................................................11

– Style truncated apically (Fig. 7K). Aedeagus with apical pair of processes with spurs near base (Fig. 7M) ................................................................................................................. C. obtusa sp. nov.

11. Style lacking subapical process on ventral margin (Fig. 8K). Aedeagus with apical or subapical processes directed basally (Fig. 8L) ............................................................................................... 12

– Style with a short subapical process on ventral margin (Fig. 4K). Aedeagus with subapical processes directed dorsally and curved anterad (Fig. 4L) ............................................................ C. cifi sp. nov.

12. Pygofer rounded apically, with dorsoapical process (DeLong & Freytag 1972b: 494, fig. 40). Style ventral margin serrated, slightly concave; apical portion bent dorsally at apical third (DeLong & Freytag 1972b: 494, fig. 37) ....................................................... C. dunda DeLong & Freytag, 1972

– Pygofer truncate apically, without apical processes (Fig. 8G). Style ventral margin not serrated, with a dentiform process near base of blade; apical portion not bending dorsally (Fig. 8K) ..................... ..................................................................................................................... C. piraquarensis sp. nov.

13. Subgenital plate tapered apically (Fig. 6H). Aedeagus shaft compressed, with a pair of long subapical processes directed basally, branched near base and a pair of short apical processes directed dorsally (Fig. 6L–M) .................................................................................................................................... 14

– Subgenital plate rounded apically (Fig. 10H). Aedeagus shaft cylindrical, with two or more pairs of long processes (Fig. 10L–M) .......................................................................................................... 15

14. Style dorsal margin with wide dentiform process near midlength (Fig. 6K). Aedeagus branched subapical processes with ventral ramus half as long as dorsal ramus (Fig. 6L) ......... C. luzi sp. nov.

– Style dorsal margin without process near midlength (DeLong & Freytag 1972b: 494, fig. 23). Aedeagus branched subapical processes with rami about equal in length (DeLong & Freytag 1972b: 494, figs 21–22) ....................................................................................... C. praecellens (Stål, 1862)

15. Aedeagus with two pairs of apical processes equal in length (DeLong & Wolda 1983: 467, fig. 6) ................................................................................................ C. circumaga DeLong & Wolda, 1983

– Aedeagus with four pairs of apical and subapical processes varying in length (Fig. 10M) ............... ....................................................................................................................... C. xenomorpha sp. nov.