Canthidium (Canthidium) onitoides (Perty, 1830)

Onthophagus onitoides Perty, 1830: 41 [transferred to Canthidium by Harold 1867a: 31; here transferred to the subgenus Canthidium]. Type locality: Brazil: São Paulo (“Habitat in Brasilia australi, Prov. S. Pauli”) [but see comments below]. Type material: According to Scherer (1983), one unsexed syntype (ZSMC). Distribution: Brazil (Harold 1867a) [contradicting the type locality given by Perty (1830), Harold (1869a) cited the Amazon forest as the home place of C. onitoides, which was followed by Gillet (1911), Vulcano & Pereira (1967), and Martínez & Halffter (1986a). Although it is true that some species described by Perty (1830) as coming from São Paulo are actually Amazonian— e.g., Gromphas aeruginosa (Perty, 1830) and Phanaeus chalcomelas (Perty, 1830), both widely distributed throughout the Amazon region (Edmonds 1994; Cupello & Vaz-de-Mello 2013), but erroneously recorded by Perty (1830) as coming from “Prov. S. Pauli et Minarum”, in southeastern Brazil –, there is no clear evidence supporting Harold and subsequent authors’ claim that C. onitoides occurs in the Amazon region instead of São Paulo, apart from the type locality of its the junior subjective synonym C. trituberculatum (see below). Therefore, I decided to take a more conservative approach and, for the time being, consider the presence of C. onitoides in the Amazon region as unclear and in need of further investigation].

Choeridium trituberculatum Lucas, 1859: 102 [synonymized by Harold 1869a: 1006]. Type locality: Peru: Loreto: Ucayali: Sarayacu (“mission de Sarayacu”). Type material: Location of syntypes unknown.