Scaphidium formosanum Pic, 1915

(Fig. 3)

Scaphidium formosanum Pic, 1915: 36 .

Material examined. 2♂♂, 2♀♀, Yunnan Province, Mt. Gaoligong [Áẇṁm], Baihualing [QẄIJ], west of Hanlongzhai [ƤÄź], N25.30º, E98.80º, 2787 m, 17-VIII-2019, leg. Liang Lü (IZ-CAS, one specimen was used in DNA sequencing) .

Measurements. BL: 5.6‒5.9 mm, PEL: 4.0‒ 4.2 mm, PW: 2.4‒2.5 mm, EW: 2.7‒2.8 mm, ED: 0.21 mm.

Distribution. China: Yunnan.

Comments. The spots and colouration of pronotum and elytra are distinctive of this species, which, however, have a variety of forms (cf. Fig 3A, F; Tang 2014: 22, 24). Our specimens, collected from Baihualing (in east slope of the Mt. Gaoligong, Baoshan, Yunnan), have a pair of mirrored hook-shaped pronotal spots, shrunk black elytral spots, paler yellowish pigmentation. It can be identified as Scaphidium formosanum by the features of the internal sclerites of median lobe (cf. Fig. 3H, I; Tang 2014: figs 90, 91).

Scaphidium formosanum is apparently similar to S. baconi Pic but they are different on the spots on pronotum, and especially they have more greatly different interior armatures of the median lobe of aedeagus (cf. Löbl 1992: figs 23, 47, 81; description: 496). Distinguished from species Scaphidium carinense Achard, Scaphidium formosanum is characterized by: 1) the colour spots on pronotum (cf. Fig. 1A; Tang 2013: 177 (figs 5‒8), 2014: 84 (figs 26‒28); 2) the metaventrite (cf. Fig 1C, Tang 2013: fig. 6; 2014: fig. 28); and 3) internal sac (cf. Fig. 1I; Tang 2014: fig. 95).

The external features such as colouration and spots are commonly used in determination of Scaphidium species. Since these features could be, in many cases (e.g. those in this article), various within conspecific populations or analogous among different species, it is necessary to develop more methods that can be used in rapid and massive identification, e.g. barcoding resolutions based on mitochondrial genomes.