Family Hemiphractidae Peters, 1862

Remarks: Long considered a subfamily of Hylidae . Darst and Cannatella (2004) suggested this group is not monophyletic nor related to Hylidae . For an account of subsequent changes in phylogenetic relationships and taxonomy see Frost (2018). See Duellman (2015) for a thorough review of genera and species included. Recently Castroviejo et al. (2015) inferred a new family phylogeny based on total evidence, recovering it (all six genera) as monophyletic, and sister of Athesphatanura. Several species of Stefania await description. In Península de Paria, Sucre State, a Gastrotheca, possibly new to science, has been heard calling in the canopy during rainy days and nights.