Hyalinobatrachium orientale (Rivero 1968)

Holotype: MCZ 72497.

Type locality: “Cerro Turumiquire, 1,200 m, Estados Sucre-Monagas, Venezuela.”

Distribution: Region 2. Tobago and northeastern Venezuela. In Venezuela, restricted to the eastern part of Cordillera de la Costa (Serranía de Paria and Macizo de Turimiquire), in Monagas and Sucre States.

Remarks: Hyalinobatrachium orientale was believed to be a species complex including H. orocostale (Cannatella and Lamar 1986) . Castroviejo-Fisher et al. (2008) demonstrated that H. orocostale may be differentiated, as H. orientale remains only known from NE Venezuela and Tobago (Hardy 1984b; Jowers et al. 2014). The genetic distance between Venezuelan and Tobagoan populations is low enough that Jowers et al. (2014) did not elevate subspecies tobagoensis to species status. However, a biogeographic rationale could support its elevation, but would require further investigation. CBA and G. Rivas collected H. orientale in Macuro (Península de Paria) at near sea level (elevation 5 m; specimens at CVULA), extending the elevational range from 5– 1,200 m.

Selected references: Rivero (1968b); Hardy (1984b); Cannatella and Lamar (1986); Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch (1991); Señaris and Ayarzagüena (1993, 2005); Manzanilla et al. (1995); Ayarzagüena and Señaris (1996); Duellman (1997); Gorzula and Señaris (1998); Castroviejo-Fisher et al. (2008); Jowers et al. (2014).