Family Microhylidae Günther, 1858

Remarks: Two recent phylogenetic systematics papers on Microhylidae (De Sá et al. 2012; Peloso et al. 2016) resulted in substantial changes in the taxonomy of the group, both at subfamily and generic ranks. Both authors found well resolved Gastrophryninae and Otophryninae; the latter erected a new subfamily ( Adelastinae). Most generic changes proposed by De Sá et al. (2012) were corroborated by later authors, except for the arrangement of Syncope and Chiasmocleis . De Sá et al. (2012) transferred several species of Chiasmocleis to Syncope, whereas Peloso et al. (2014) placed Syncope in synonymy of Chiasmocleis .