Rhinella exostosica Ferrão et al., 2020

(Fig. 4D)

Recent descriptions of Amazonian species of the taxonomically challenging R. margaritifera species group (Santos et al., 2015; Ávila et al., 2020; Ferrão et al., 2020) significantly improved the taxonomic resolution of different populations across this ecosystem. Due to these advances, we were able to confirm the presence of R. exostosica in the RBJ. This species was recently described to the extreme southwestern Amazonia, and our record represents the first in the state of Amazonas, extending its distribution by ca. 650 km northeast. Such a finding rejects the hypothesis that R. exostosica distribution is limited to the west by the Madeira River (Ferrão et al., 2020), at least considering a broad spatial scale.