Ariadna mollis (Holmberg, 1876)

Figures 1A‒B, 20‒21, 72

Segestria mollis Holmberg, 1876: 25, fig. 6 (♀? holotype from Buenos Aires, Argentina, unknown depository, lost).

Segestria vulgarissima Holmberg, 1876: 9, 25, fig. 7 (♀ holotype from Buenos Aires, Argentina, unknown depository, lost).— Mello-Leitão (1933: 12, Syn.).

Ariadna mollis— Mello-Leitão (1933: 12, Transf. from Segestria; 1944: 312, 322, fig. 1, Descr. ♂; 1947: 233, 234).— Bonnet (1955: 735).— Beatty (1970: 475, figs 1, 16‒17, 22).—De la Serna de Esteban (1976: 139).— Prandi (1990: 3, figs 1, 3‒5, 10‒11).— Grismado (2008: 354, figs 1, 8L‒M, 10A‒D).— Grismado & Izquierdo (2014: 154, figs 3, 11a ‒b).—Pérez- González et al. (2016: 36, fig. 2G).— World Spider Catalog (2018).

Ariadna spinifera Mello-Leitão, 1947: 233, fig. 1 (♂ holotype from Curitiba [25°25'47"S; 49°16'19"W], Paraná, Brazil, V.1942, R. Lange leg., deposited in MHNCI 2486, examined).— Beatty (1970: 483, as nomem dubium).— NEW SYNONYMY .

Ariadna crassipalpus— Camargo (1950: 445, fig. 3h, Descr. ♀, misidentification).

Synonymy. Ariadna spinifera was described by Mello-Leitão (1947) based on an adult male which presented a similar coloration and macrosetae pattern with Ariadna mollis, except by the presence of a abdomen with a darkened dorsum, as opposed to the evident dark dorsal pattern commonly found in A. mollis . After the examination of the holotype of A. spinifera, we confirm the similarity with a male A. mollis, so we considered A. spinifera a junior-synonym of A. mollis . Camargo (1950) described a female from São Paulo as an alotype of A. crassipalpa . After the detailed examination of this specimen's internal genitalia, it was observed that it is a female of A. mollis, evidencing a misindentification of the author.

Additional material examined. BRAZIL: Minas Gerais State: Santana do Riacho, Parque Nacional da Serra do Cipó (19°21'21"S; 43°36'16"W), 1♂, 20.III.2010, B.T. Faleiro leg. (UFMG 4038) ; São Paulo State: Santa Rita do Passa Quatro, Parque Estadual da Vassununga (21°43'S; 47°35'W), 1♂, 19‒24.III.2002, Exp. Biota leg. (IBSP 98902) ; Amparo [22°42'03"S; 46°45'50"W], Fazenda Santa Maria, 1♀, 27‒31.XII.1942, Soares leg. (MZSP 7561) ; Jundiaí, Serra do Japi (23°13'S; 46°56'W), 1♀, 2004, A. Pós. USP leg. (IBSP 98905) ; Cabreúva [23°18'27"S; 47°07'59"W], Serra do Japi, Sertãozinho, 1♀, 15.II.2009, A.B. Ribeiro leg. (IBSP 145231) ; São Paulo [23°32'52"S; 46°38'09"W], 1♂, II.1982, E. C. Gregório leg. (IBSP 3011); 1♂, 1941, Pe. Pereira leg. (MZSP 3624); 1♀1imm., 1.IX.1941, Soares & Barroso leg. (MZSP 8282); 1♀, 8.IV.1951, F. Lane leg. (MZSP 11569); 1♀, VI.1960, F.B. Correa leg. (IBSP 1553); 1♀, 7.IV.1951, A. Barbosa leg. (IBSP 655); 1♀, 8.VII.1993, G. Christianini leg. (IBSP 5312); 1♀, 12.IV.1965, unknown collector (IBSP 3007); 1♀, 1.VII.1970, unknown collector (IBSP 3008); 1♀, VI.1991, unknown collector (IBSP 14198); Parque Estadual Serra da Cantareira [23°24'05"S; 46°35'24"W], sede, 1♂, 28.X.2000, R. Pinto-da-Rocha et al. leg. (MZSP 28186) ; 1♂, 22.XII.2000 (MZSP 28187); 1♀, 9.X.1945, E. Dente leg. (MZSP 7474); 1♀, XII.1978, C.E.B. leg. (IBSP 4074); Horto Florestal [23°27'33''S; 46°38'02''W], 2♀, 28.X.1985, R.L.C. Baptista leg. (MNRJ 6403) ; Parque Estadual do Jaraguá [23°27'42"S; 46°45'44"W], 1♀, 14‒23.X.2002, Exp. Biota leg. (IBSP 98898) ; 1♂, VII.2002, R.P. Indicatti leg. (IBSP 62789); 1♂, 16.X.2010 (IBSP 166961); São Paulo, Perdizes [23°32'14"S; 46°40'19"W], 1♂, 1945, M. Lurdes leg. (MZSP 11568) ; 1949, D. Urban leg. (MZSP 1709, alotype of A. crassipalpa); Campus Instituto Butantan [23°34'03"S; 46°43'06"W], 1♀, 8.V.2006, E.O. Machado leg. (IBSP 71986) ; 1♀, 9.II.2007, G. Ruiz leg. (IBSP 72885); 1♀, 2.I.2013, G.R.S. Ruiz leg. (IBSP 166953); 1♀, IX.2010, A.M. Giroti leg. (IBSP 166955); 1♂, 10.XII.2010 (IBSP 166957); 1♂, 6.XI.2012 (IBSP 166954); 1♀, I.2013 (IBSP 166956); Parque da Previdência [23°34'50"S; 46°43'36"W], 1♂, 20.V.1999, F.S. Cunha leg. (IBSP 32926) ; 1♀, 3.III.2000, D.F. Candiani leg. (IBSP 33329); Reservatório da Guarapiranga [23°44'01''S; 46°44'00''W], Parque Ilha dos Eucaliptos , 3♀, 7‒13.IV.2005, I. Cizauskas & C.R.M. Garcia leg. (IBSP 61183); Ilhabela [23°32'52''S; 46°38'09''W], 1♀, 30.I.1954, H. Urban leg. (MZSP 11567) ; Cotia [23°36'14"S; 46°55'08"W], 1♂, 3.XI.1998, M. Arantes leg. (IBSP 20409) ; Embu das Artes [23°38'56''S; 46°51'07''W], 1♀, 20.X.2005, E.C. Soares leg. (IBSP 62679) ; Santo André [23°39'50''S; 46°32'16''W], 1♀, 27.VII.1960, E. Buchroltz leg. (IBSP 6223) ; Itapecirica da Serra [23°43'01''S; 46°50'56''W], 1♀, 11.XI.2000, P.M. leg. (IBSP 14997) ; Ribeirão Grande, Fazenda Intervales [24°18'22.9''S; 48°16'21.1''W], 2♀, 12‒13.VII.2001, R. Baptista & A. Chagas Jr. leg. (MNRJ 3578); Peruíbe, Estação Ecológica da Juréia Itatins (24°33'S; 47°13'02''W), 1♀, 26.IV‒3.V.1999, A.D. Brescovit et al. leg. (IBSP 24641) ; Paraná State: Curitiba, Capão da Imbuia [25°26'12''S; 49°13'1''W], 1♀, 24.VII.1987, A.D. Brescovit leg. (MCN 17226) ; Curitiba, Bosque Centro Politécnico [25°27'06.6''S; 49°13'48.6''W], 1♀, 19.II.1997, L.A. Caltro leg. (IBSP 14131); Foz do Iguaçu, Parque Nacional de Foz do Iguaçu (25°36'S; 54°25'W), 1♂, 3‒12.III.2002, Exp. Biota leg. (IBSP 98897) ; Pinhão / Candói, Rio Jordão, Usina Hidrelétrica Santa Clara [25°38'37''S; 51°57'19''W], 1♀, 2005, J. Ricetti et al. leg. (IBSP 166952) ; Candói / Mangueirinha, Reservatório do Rio Jordão, Usina Hidrelétrica de Segredo [25°47'34.9''S; 52°06'45.6''W], 1♀, IV.1996, R. Bertani leg. (IBSP 11667) ; Rio Grande do Sul State: Barracão [27°40'19''S; 51°27'39''W], 1♀, 16.I.1989, F. Franco leg. (MCTP 480) ; Caxias do Sul [29°10'04''S; 51°10'44''W], Linha Cristina, 1♀, 6.VI.1993, M.B. Martins leg. (MCTP 4320); São Francisco de Paula, Usina Hidrelétrica Passo do Inferno [29°16'09''S; 50°45'00''W], 1♀, 16.XII.1999, A. Silva leg. (MCN 32029) ; Arroio do Tigre [29°18'03.6''S; 53°11'37.7''W], Itaúba, 1♀, 22.IV.1978, H. Bischoff leg. (MCN 8028) ; São Francisco de Paula [29°26'52''S; 50°35'02''W], Fazenda Três Cachoeiras, 1♀, 3.II.1999, A.B. Bonaldo leg. (MCN 30745) ; Derrubadas, Parque Estadual do Turvo (27°00'‒ 27°20'S; 53°40'‒ 54°10'W), 1♀, 11‒18.I.2002, Exp. Biota leg. (IBSP 98894) ; Ivorá [29°31'12''S; 53°34'51''W], Sítio Quatrin, 2♀, 3.IX.1990, R. Quatrin leg. (IBSP 209940) ; Itaara [29°36'36"S; 53°45'54"W], 1♂, 12.V.2007, A.A. Lise leg. (MCTP 21195) ; Santa Maria [29°41'02''S; 53°48'25''W], 1♀, VII‒XII.1988 (IBSP 209941) ; 1♀, 25.XI.1985, L. Indrusiak leg. (IBSP 209939); Porto Alegre, Parque Estadual Delta do Jacuí, Ilha das Pombas [30°03'43.7''S; 51°17'21.8''W], 1♀, 13.VII.1999, A. Fransceschini leg. (MCN 31378) ; Encruzilhada do Sul [30°32'38''S; 52°31'19''W], 1♀, 7.IX.1990, M.A. Pavanato leg. (IBSP 209943); Santana do Livramento [30°53'27''S; 55°31'58''W], 1♀, VIII.2008, J.A. Bitencourt leg. (IBSP 166958) ; Pelotas [31°46'19''S; 52°20'34''W], 1♀, 20.VIII.1962, R. Krebs leg. (MCN 1100) ; 1♀, 6.IX.1962, same collector (MCN 1268); 1♀, 15.XII.2000, E. Rodrigues leg. (MCN 33490); ARGENTINA: Formosa Province: Palo Santo [25°34'00''S; 59°20'28''W], 1♀, 1941, Exp. H. Hepper leg. (MACN-Ar 1038) ; Misiones Province: Parque Provincial Uruguai, Refugio Caa-porá, 3km W Deseado [25°46'59"S; 54°02'59"W], 1♀, 14‒15.II.1995, M. Ramírez leg. (MACN-Ar 10134); Aguapaí-Guazú, 1♀, IX.1948, Exc. A. Giai leg. (MACN-Ar 2631) ; Catamarca Province: El Rodeo [28°13'S; 65°52'W], 1♀, I.1957, M.E. Galiano leg. (MACN-Ar 10126) ; Santiago del Estero Province: Colonia Alpina [30°03'36"S; 62°06'14"W], 1♂, Goeldi leg. (MNHNP-AR 7050) ; Buenos Aires Province: Vuelta de Obligado [33°35'S; 59°49'W], 1♀ 1imm., VI.1974, C. Toth leg. (MACN-Ar 10219); Atucha [33°58'00,8''S; 59°12'24,2''W], 1♂, 27.XII.1984, P. Goloboff & M. Ramírez leg. (MACN-Ar 10139); Reserva Natural Otamendi, Sección " Los Guardianes de la Barranca ", 16m (34°13'44,0"S; 58°53'41,5"W), 1♂ 1imm., 7.IV.2007, C. Grismado et al. leg. (MACN-Ar 12456) ; 1♀, 19.V.2007 (MACN-Ar 12597); Delta del Tigre, Rio Luján, 1♂ 1♀ 1imm., 9.VI.1940, F. Monros leg. (MNHNP-AR 14918); San Isidro [34°28'S; 58°31'W], 1♀, X.1963 (MACN-Ar 29444); Campo de Mayo [34°32'04"S; 58°40'18"W], 1♀, 28.V.2005, P. Turienzo leg. (MNHNP-AR 14917) ; Buenos Aires [34°35'59"S; 58°22'55"W], 6♀, XII.1968, A. Bachmann leg. (MACN-Ar 10158; 29441); 2♀, without date and collector (MNRJ 2062); 2imm., Silv leg. (MNHNP-AR); Parque Centenário, under bark of Tipuana tipu, 2♀, 10.VII.1993, C. Grismado leg. (MACN-Ar 10160); Jardines del Museo de Ciencias Naturales, 2♀ 2imm., III.2010, C. Grismado & M. Izquierdo leg. (MACN-Ar 29448); Moreno [34°39'04"S; 58°47'24"W], 2♀, X.1947, R.D. Schiapelli leg. (MACN-Ar 29445); Punta Lara [34°49'S; 57°58'W], La Plata, 1♀ 3imm., (NHM 1947.8.5.9‒12) ; 3♀ 1imm., 6.IV.1950, M.J. Viana leg. (MACN-Ar 29443); Glew [34°53'17"S; 58°23'03"W], 1♀, 1979, Carpintero leg. (MACN-Ar 10151); General Madariaga [37°00'07"S; 57°08'1'10"W], 2♀, I.1962, M.E. Galiano leg. (MACN-Ar 29442) ; URUGUAY: Artigas Department: Artigas [30°24'12"S; 56°28'11"W], 3♀, 19.II.1963, L.A. Gambardella leg. (MNHNU 392); Lavalleja Department: Minas, Cerro de los Cuervos [34°16'29"S; 55°15'08"W], 1♀, 6.XII.2005, A.J. Santos et al. leg. (IBSP 59514) ; Minas [34°22'S; 55°14'W], Hotel Minas, 1♀ 1imm., 8.XII.2005, R.P. Indicatti leg. (IBSP 58675) ; Canelones Department: Canelones [34°31'S; 56°17'W], Parque Municipal en Ciudad de Canelones, en Eucalyptus, 3♀, 15.V.2009, M. Simó y col. leg. (MNHNU FCE 3153) ; Montevideo Department: Montevideo, Prado [34°51'50"S; 56°12'09"W], 1♂ 4♀ 2imm., R. Maynard leg. (MNHNU 680) ; Parque Rivera [34°52'48"S; 56°05'33"W], 6♀ 2imm., 7.VI.2013, A.D. Brescovit leg. (IBSP 166690); Campus FCEN [34°53'01"S; 56°10'55"W], 12♀ 1imm., 5.VI.2013, A.D. Brescovit et al. leg. (IBSP 166959) ; Buceo [34°53'59"S; 56°07'58"W], 12♀ 2imm., I.1976, R. Maynard leg. (MNHNU 656) ; Parque Rodó (34°54'54"S; 56°09'58"W), 1♀, 7.X1961, R.M. Capocasale leg. (CAS 9046555).

Diagnosis. Ariadna mollis is similar to A. crassipalpa, A. boesenbergi, A. calilegua, A. changellkuk, A. levii and A. perkinsi due to the dark abdominal pattern with arrow-shaped marks (Figs 1A‒C, 18A, F, 20A, F, 22A, F, 31A, E, 45A, F, 47A, F, 50A, F), but differ, except A. crassipalpa, by the presence of males with a sinuous metatarsus I bearing a ventro-prolateral macrosetae in its median region, short and curved (Fig. 20C‒E); it differs from A. crassipalpa by having a tubular embolus tip, not twisted, and palpal tibia less incrassated, with the dorsoventral diameter smaller than the bulb (Fig. 21A‒B); females differ from these species, except A. crassipalpa and A. calilegua, by having the anterior receptaculum with lobes of similar size, differing from the last ones by the presence of a regular and smooth cuticle (Fig. 21C‒D).

Description. Male (IBSP 166961). Carapace and chelicerae dark brownish orange (Fig. 20A). Endites orange; labium dark orange. Sternum orange with darker margins, and marbled with dark pigment (Fig. 20B). Palps light orange (Fig. 21A‒B). Legs brownish yellow, with pairs I‒II darker and with dark pigment forming diffuse rings in the distal region of femur, patella, tibia and metatarsi (Fig. 20C‒E). Abdomen withish, with a conspicuous dark dorsal pattern comprising arrow-shaped marks, and anterior ventral region dark (Fig. 20A‒B). Total length 6.8; carapace 3.24 long, 2.24 wide. Chelicerae projected (Fig. 20A). Palps: tibia incrassated, with the dorso-ventral diameter slightly shorter than the bulb; bulb rounded, mid-portion slightly longer than the embolus; embolus tapered and with a tubular tip (Fig. 21A‒B); legs: robust and coated with setae (Fig. 20C‒E); tarsal brush of putative chemosensory setae present on legs II‒IV. Leg formula: I-II-IV-III. Leg measurements: I, femur 3.48, patella 1.28, tibia 2.92, metatarsus 3.16, tarsus 0.72, total 11.56; II, 3.16, 1.32, 2.84, 2.88, 0.8, 11.0; III, 2.2, 0.96, 1.64, 1.72, 0.68, 7.2; IV, 2.64, 1.16, 2.0, 1.96, 0.68, 8.44. Macrosetae: I, femur D0-0-0-0-0-2-0, P0-0-0-0-2-1-0; tibia P0-1-0-1-0-1-0, vp1-0-1-0-1-0-1, vr2-0-1-0-1-0-1, R1-0-1-0-1-0-1; metatarsus vp1-0-0-1(claw-shaped)-0-0-1, vr0-0-0-1-0-0-1 (Fig. 20C‒E); II, femur D0-0-0-0-0-2-0, P0-0-0-0-1-1-0; tibia P0-0-0-0-1-0-1-0, vp0-0-0-1-0-1-0- 1, vr2-0-0-1-0-1-0-1, R0-0-1-0-1-0-1-0; metatarsus vp1-0-0-1-0-0-1, vr1-0-0-1-0-0-1, r0-1-0-0-0-0-0; IV, femur D1-1/0-1-1/0-0/1-0-1-0-0; metatarsus vp0-0-0-0-0-0-2/1, vr metatarsal comb with 5‒6 macrosetae.

Female (IBSP 72885): Carapace and chelicerae dark brownish orange (Fig. 20F). Endites orange; labium dark orange. Sternum as in male (Fig. 20G). Palps brownish orange, darkening gradually in distal direction. Legs brownish orange, pairs I‒II darker and with dark pigment densely distributed in femur, patella and tibia, and forming rings in the distal region of the metatarsus (Fig. 20H‒I). Legs III‒IV with the same color configuration, but with less pigment. Abdomen as in male (Fig. 20F‒G). Total length: 10.32; carapace 4.72 long, 3.04 wide. Carapace with cephalic region elevated. Chelicerae not projected (Fig. 20F). Legs: robust and densely coated with setae, mainly on the ventral region of pairs I‒III; legs I‒II with ventro-prolateral and ventro-retrolateral tibial macrosetae of similar size, and metatarsal macrosetae of different sizes (Fig. 20H‒I). Leg formula: I-II-IV-III. Leg measurements: I, femur 3.92, patella 1.8, tibia 2.88, metatarsus 2.64, tarsus 0.8, total 12.04; II, 3.48, 1.76, 3.0, 2.52, 0.8, 11.56; III, 2.68, 1.44, 1.92, 1.8, 0.76, 8.6; IV, 3.28, 1.8, 2.6, 2.08, 0.76, 10.52. Macrosetae: I, femur D0-0-0-0- 0-2-0, P0-0-0-0-1-1-0; tibia P0-1-0-1-0-1-0, vp1-0-1-0-1-0-1, vr1-0-1-0-1-0-1, R0-1/0-0-0-0-0-0; metatarsus vp1- 1-1-1/0-1-1-1-1-1, vr1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1 (Fig. 20H‒I); II, femur D0-0-0-0-0-1-0, P0-0-0-0-0-1-0; tibia P0-0-0-1-0-1- 0, vp0-0-1-0-1-0-1, vr1-0-1-0-1-0-1; metatarsus vp1-1-1-1-0/1-0/1-1-1-0/1-1-1-1, vr1-1-1-1-1-1-1/0-1-1; IV, metatarsus vp0-0-0-0-0-0-1, vr metatarsal comb with 5 macrosetae. Internal genitalia: anterior receptaculum with ventral lobe usually wider, and glandular ducts plate in the median region, extending to the proximal region of the dorsal and ventral lobe (Fig. 21C‒D).

Variation. Male (n=10): Total length: 6.04‒9.12; carapace 2.92‒4.36 long, 1.92‒3.0 wide; femur I 3.0‒4.88. Female (n=10): Total length: 9.84‒13.92; carapace 4.32‒5.48 long, 2.8‒3.48 wide; femur I 3.0‒4.12.

Distribution. South and southeast of Brazil; east of Argentina; Uruguay (Fig. 72).