Tribe Ugyopini Fennah

Description. Gonapophyses IX linear or slightly sinuate, average length 2770.74–3323.49 µm, width 99.87– 126.75 µm; apical third with 16–27 broadly rounded teeth; four teeth widely (Figs 5C, D) spaced, approximately 28.25 µ m apart, placed posteriorly (most noticeable in Ugyops kellersi, Fig. 6 D); ventral margin of apical third concave (slightly in Ugyops sp., Fig. 6C); raised, shelf-like plate adjacent to teeth (prominent in U. kellersi) with series of pits or sensory structures and striated sculpturing, ventrally (especially on Ugyops sp., Fig. 6C).

Notes. Ugyopini includes six genera in 122 species (two genera doubtfully distinct, but Ugyops with 100+ species is probably too broadly defined, see Asche 1988a, Bartlett & Barringer 2011). Ugyopini is widely distributed in Central and South America, Western Pacific, and Southeast Asia; they are absent from Africa and Madagascar, and most diverse in the Western Pacific (Fennah, 1959, 1964; Asche 1988a, Barringer & Bartlett, 2011). Most taxa are poorly known and plant associations are recorded only for a few species. Polyphagous plant associations include Dicotyledonae (woody dicots), Polypodiopsida (ferns), and Arecaceae (Caldwell & Martorell 1951, Fennah 1971, Wilson et al. 1994, Larivière et al. 2010). Wilson et al. (1994) reported plant associations for Ugyopini as 63% dicots, 25% Polypodiopsida and 12% monocots, but this was based on only eight ‘confirmed’ records. The original (basal) plant associations of Ugyopini had been the subject of speculation since there is no clear pattern of plant associations, and many Ugyopini are island-associated, which show elevated rates of host shifting, making patterns of host associations difficult to ascertain (Wilson et al. 1994).