Photinopygus cyanelytrius (Perty, 1830)

(Figs. 93–100)

Staphylinus cyanelytrius Perty, 1830: 31 .

Xanthopygus cyanelytrius (Perty); Kraatz 1857: 539.

Xanthopygus elegans Bernhauer, 1905: 183 . New synonymy.

Xanthopygus collaris Bernhauer, 1925: 38 . New synonymy.

Photinopygus cyanelytrius (Perty); Chatzimanolis 2021: 91.

Photinopygus collaris (Bernhauer); Chatzimanolis 2021: 91.

Photinopygus elegans (Bernhauer); Chatzimanolis 2021: 91.

Type material. Neotype, here designated, male with labels: “ Bras: [Brazil] Rio de Janeiro, 17km E Nova Friburgo, 22°23’04’’S 42°33’30’’W [-22.384°, -42.558°], 750 m, 29.i.2000, F. Génier & S. Ide [leg.]” / “old secondary mountain Atlantic Forest, flight intercept trap ” / “ Neotype Staphylinus cyanelytrius Perty des. Chatzimanolis 2022 ”. In the collection of CNC.

Type material for X. elegans: Holotype, female, with labels: “Brasilia” / “30” / “ded Lange n. sp. ?” / “ elegans Bernh Typus” / “Chicago NHMus M. Bernhauer collection” / “Bernhauer Brazil Types Photographed E. Caron 2017” / “FMNHINS3048919”. In the collection of FMNH. Bernhauer (1905) mentioned that he had only one specimen which is the holotype for this species.

Type material for X. collaris: Holotype, female, with labels: “Brasilien Petrópolis [-22.51°, -43.18°] Bang-Haas” / “ collaris Bernh Typus unic.” / “Chicago NHMus M. Bernhauer collection” / “Bernhauer Brazil Types Photographed E. Caron 2017” / “FMNHINS3048918”. In the collection of FMNH. Bernhauer (1925) mentioned that he had only one specimen which is the holotype for this species.

Additional Materials. BRAZIL: Ceará: Iguatu [-6.36°, -39.30°], ix.[19]39, Scheepeltz coll. (1 ♁ NMW) ; Espírito Santo: Castelo [-20.60°, -41.19°], xi.1976, M. Alvarenga (2 ♀ CNC) ; Trijuco Preto, 900 m, iii.1940, E. Reitter leg. (1 ♀ NMW) ; unknown locality, Fruhstorfer leg., Scheerpeltz coll. (1 ♀ NMW); unknown locality, Fry coll., Bernhauer coll. FMNHINS4030585, FMNHINS4030584, FMNHINS4030584, FMNHINS4030583, FMNHINS3975586, FMNHINS4030575 (2 ♁, 4 ♀ FMNH); unknown locality, Fruhstorfer leg., Kraatz coll. (1 ♁, 2 ♀ SDEI); Minas Gerais: Mar de Espanha [-21.87°, -43.02°], A. Heyne leg., Griveau coll. (1 ♀ MHNG) ; same locality, Walter leg., Bernhauer coll. FMNHINS39753408 (1 ♁ FMNH); same locality, A. Heyne leg., Bernhauer coll., FMNHINS397533472 (1 ♀ FMNH); Sete Lagoas [-19.47°, -44.25°], Reinhardt leg. (1 ♀ NHMD) ; Virginia [-22.33°, -45.09°], 1500 m, 7.xii.1920, J. Zikan leg., Bernhauer coll., FMNHINS39753347, FMNHINS39753346, FMNHINS39753345 (3 ♀ FMNH) ; Paraná: Virmond [-25.40°, -52.23°] (4 ♀ MFNB) ; Rio de Janeiro: Itatiaia [-22.50°, -44.56°], 5–15.x.[19]82, L. Gomez leg., SM0080030 (1 ♀ SEMC) ; Nova Friburgo [-22.38°, -42.56°], 750 m, 29.i.2000, old secondary mountain Atlantic forest, FIT, F. Génier & S. Ide leg. (3 ♁, 1 ♀ CNC) ; Petrópolis [- 22.51°, -43.18°], 5–7.iii.1962, J. Bechyné leg. (1 ♁ CNC) ; same locality, i.1850, F. Sahlberg leg., Bernhauer coll., FMNHINS3975340, FMNHINS3975341, FMNHINS3975343 (3 ♁ FMNH); same locality, F. Sahlberg leg., GAC.7921 (1 ♁ MZH); Rio de Janeiro [-22.91°, -43.20°], Fry coll., Bernhauer coll., FMNHINS3975338 (1 ♁ FMNH); same locality, F. Sahlberg leg., GAC7920 (1 ♁ MZH); same locality, Sharp coll. (1 ♁, 1 ♀ NHMUK); Teresópolis NP [-22.41°, -42.97°], i.1969, Porter, Garcia leg. (1 ♁ AMNH); Santa Catarina: unknown locality, Standinger leg. (1 ♀ NHMUK); São Paulo: Pindamonhangaba [-22.92°, -45.46°], 28.ix.1962, E. Lefévre leg. (1 ♁ CNC) ; São Paulo [-23.55°, -46.63°], Bierig coll., FMNHINS3975529 (1 ♀ FMNH); same locality, J. Mráz leg., Bernhauer coll., FMNHINS3975344 (1 ♁ FMNH); Serra da Bocaina [NP], São José do Barreiro [-22.65°, -44.58°], 1650 m, xi.1969, M. Alvarenga, Seabra leg. (2 ♁, 1 ♀ AMNH) ; same locality, xi.1968, M. Alvarenga (1 ♀ AMNH) .

Diagnosis. Photinopygus cyanelytrius belongs in the concave pronotum species group. Among species of that group that have pronotum narrow with dense punctation (i.e., with 5–9 organized rows of punctures on each half beside median impunctate line), antennomeres 4–5 longer than wide, and sternite 7 in males without porose structure, P. cyanelytrius can be recognized by the following combination of characters: sternite 8 in males with medium (Fig. 95) U-shaped emargination posteriorly, antennomeres 8–10 subquadrate (Fig. 97), antennomeres 4–10 dark brown (color consistent among specimens), and aedeagus as in Figs. 98–100.

Description. Forebody (Fig. 94) length 7.8–8.9 mm. Color of head, pronotum and mesoscutellum dark brown to black; antennomeres 1–3 orange; antennomeres 4–10 dark brown to black; legs dark brown to black; elytra metallic blue with green or purple overtones, in some specimens vivid green; abdomen dark brown to black except posterior 1/3 of segment 7 orange and segment 8 orange. Antenna (Fig. 97) with antennomere 3 without tomentose pubescence; antennomere 4 with tomentose pubescence; antennomeres 4–7 longer than wide; antennomeres 8–10 subquadrate. Head transverse; HW/HL ratio = 1.32–1.41. Posterior margin of head slightly extended posteriad on each side of neck. Head with medium-sized punctures, distance between punctures as wide as 1–2 punctures but punctures denser posteriorly. Left mandible with bicuspid tooth. Pronotum (Fig. 96) subquadrate; PW/PL ratio = 0.96–1.04. Lateral margins of pronotum in dorsal view posteriad of midpoint concave; pronotum with 7–8 dense rows of punctures on each half beside median impunctate line; distance between punctures as wide as 1–2 punctures but areas of pronotum without punctures. EL/PL ratio = 1.44–1.52. Elytra with dense punctation; distance between punctures as wide as 0–0.5 punctures. Metepisternum covered with punctures (impunctate area less than 1/3). Abdomen with tergite 3 having setose punctures only on posterior margin; tergite 4 setose; tergites 3–4 with curved carina (arch-like); tergite 5 curved carina only at lateral margin. In males, sternite 7 without porose structure, sternite 7 with shallow and broad emargination posteriorly; sternite 8 with medium U-shaped emargination posteriorly (Fig. 95). Aedeagus as in Figs. 98–100; in dorsal view paramere expanding to broad rounded apex; paramere slightly shorter and narrower (except apically) than median lobe; in lateral view paramere slightly converging near tip; paramere with peg setae as in Fig. 100. Median lobe in dorsal view wide, converging to narrow rounded tip; in lateral view median lobe becoming narrower near the tip; median lobe with small subapical tooth.

Distribution. Know from the Chacoan and Paraná biogeographic dominions. Distributed in the states of Ceará, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina and São Paulo in Brazil. Map is shown in Fig. 93.

Habitat. Collected at low to mid elevations (750–1650 m) with flight intercept traps.

Remarks. The primary type of Staphylinus cyanelytrius is considered lost since it was not found in the Zoologische Staatsammlung in Munich, Germany (Michael Balke, pers. comm.).