Netuma Bleeker, 1858

MP 100, BI 1, ML 100

(Figs 1–3, 20B, 22)

Type species: Bagrus netuma Valenciennes, 1840 .

Diagnosis

Mesethmoid medial notch indistinct, obscured by bone deposition (1, 1> 2); posterior branch of lateral ethmoid depressed (13, 0> 1); posterior cranial fontanel reduced to small opening (27, 1> 0); vomer lateral processes very narrow (53, 0> 1); accessory tooth plates two pairs (59, 0> 1); exoccipital posterior process not supporting Müllerian ramus (94, 1> 0); dorsal crest of premaxilla beginning between lateral one-third or one-half of anterior margin (124, 0> 1); metapterygoid anterior process truncate (138, 0> 1); first external branchiostegal ray narrow proximally and broad distally (147, 1> 0); posterolateral processes of urohyal posteriorly oriented, forming angle less than 60° (161, 0> 1); posterior portion of second basibranchial short and wide (167, 2> 3); third basibranchial chalice shaped (168, 0> 1); anterior process of first hypobranchial at middle of bone (174, 0> 1); lateral margin of third pharyngobranchial well developed and acute (193, 0> 1); adipose-fin base very short (222, 2> 3); adipose-fin origin vertically above posterior one-half of anal fin (223, 1> 2); gas bladder lateral diverticula present (243, 0> 1).

Ambiguous optimization: Mesethmoid median portion moderately wide (2, 2> 1); lateral line bifurcated, reaching dorsal and ventral caudal-fin lobes (247, 1> 2).

Included species

Netuma bilineata Valenciennes, 1840

Netuma aff. bilineata

Netuma patriciae Takahashi, Kimura & Motomura, 2019 Netuma thalassina Rüppell, 1837 .

Habitat and distribution: Brackish and marine waters, eastern Africa, South and Southeast Asia, southern New Guinea, and northern Australia (Fig. 20).

Remarks

Netuma is a well-defined genus that was determined to be monophyletic in previous morphological and molecular studies (Kailola 2004, Marceniuk and Menezes 2007, Betancur-R. 2009, Marceniuk et al. 2012), a condition corroborated here, but without consensus of its relationships in the MP, BI, and ML analysis.