Hippasa holmerae Thorell, 1895

Figures 1, 3 A–D, 4A–G, 9

Hippasa holmerae Thorell 1895: 218 (types unknown, ♀♂); Gravely 1924: 595, fig. 1I (♀); Lee 1966b: 62, figs 22g –h (♀♂); Tikader & Malhotra 1980: 295, figs 102–105 (♀♂); Tikader & Biswas 1981: 49, figs 77–79 (♀♂); Barrion & Litsinger 1981: 15, figs a–b (♀); Hu 1984: 218, figs 227.1–2 (♀); Song 1987: 221, fig. 179 (♀♂); Feng 1990: 145, figs. 120.1–6 (♀♂); Okuma et al. 1993: 47, fig. 42 (♀); Barrion & Litsinger 1994: 307, figs 1591–1593 (♂); Barrion & Litsinger 1995: 362, figs 212a–g (♀♂); Yin et al. 1997: 13, figs 4a–e (♀♂); Song et al. 1999: 320, figs 190M, 191C (♀♂); Biswas & Raychaudhuri 2007: 245, figs 8–14 (♀♂); Yin et al. 2012: 767, figs 382a–e (♀♂).

Hippasa agelenoides: Lee 1966a: 36, figs 1–3 (♀♂). (Misidentification)

Hippasa jaihenensis Yin & Wang 1980: 55, figs A, A1–A4 (♀♂); Hu 1984: 219, figs 228.1–5 (♀♂). (Synonymised by Song 1987: 221).

Hippasa rimandoi Barrion 1981: 1, figs 1a–h (♀). (Synonymised by Barrion & Litsinger 1995: 362).

Diagnosis. The species is similar to H. lingxianensis Yin & Wang, 1980 (Figs 5 A–D, 6D–G), but differs from the latter by the broad conductor, the knife-like posterior arm of the MA (PA) (figs 3A–B, 4C–D) and the cylindrical scape of epigyne (figs 3C–D, 4F–G).

Redescription. Male (Fig. 4 A). Total length 5.24. Prosoma 2.47 long, 1.42 wide; opisthosoma 2.70 long, 1.42 wide. Dorsum of prosoma yellow brown. Eye region black. Fovea longitudinal. Cervical groove indistinct. Radial furrows distinct. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.12, ALE 0.09, PME 0.17, PLE 0.15; AME–AME 0.07, AME–ALE 0.07, PME–PME 0.18, PME–PLE 0.18. Clypeus height 0.15. Chelicerae elongate, yellow brown, with three promarginal and three retromarginal teeth. Labium yellow brown, Length equal to the width. Endites yellow brown, longer than wide. Sternum yellow brown and scutellate, median band black, with sparse brown hairs. Legs yellow brown, with black pigmentation. Leg measurements: I 9.30 (2.39, 3.33, 2.23, 1.35); II 8.90 (2.41, 2.80, 2.33, 1.36); III 8.73 (2.31, 2.62, 2.47, 1.33); IV 12.12 (2.91, 3.49, 3.95, 1.77). Leg formula: 4123. Opisthosoma long oval. Dorsum yellow brown, with narrowly lancrolate cardiac mark in anterior half, and with five black chevron-like markings and black irregular markings in posterior half part. Venter of opisthosoma yellow. Spinnerets black brown, posterior lateral spinneret longer than anterior lateral spinneret.

Male pedipalp (Figs 3 A–B, 4C–D). Subtegulum located on the baso-prolateral side of the bulb. Terminal apophysis hook-like. Embolus thin and long. Conductor membranous. Median apophysis with two arms: a hooklike anterior arm (AA) and a knife-like posterior arm (PA).

Female (Fig. 4 B) total length 10.25. Prosoma 3.73 long, 2.81 wide; opisthosoma 6.04 long, 3.42 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.16, ALE 0.14, PME 0.25, PLE 0.22; AME–AME 0.08, AME–ALE 0.08, PME– PME 0.20, PME–PLE 0.26. Clypeus height 0.20. Leg measurements: I 12.38 (3.36, 4.29,2.90, 1.83); II 11.94 (3.29, 4.02, 2.68, 1.95); III 11.84 (3.30, 3.78, 3.19, 1.57); IV 16.65 (4.20, 5.21, 5.14, 2.10). Leg formula: 4123.

Epigyne (Figs 3 C–D, 4E–G). Scape cylindrical, with bushy white setae. Head of spermatheca kidney-shaped. Stalk of spermatheca simple and short. Fertilization ducts crescent.

Material examined. China, Yunnan: 1 female, Hekou County, in an oak grove area, 22°31.37′ N, 103°57.27′ E, alt. 209 m, 8 May 2011, Z.X. Li & G.C. Zhou leg. (SWUC); 6 females, Puer City, Meizi Reservoir, 22°45.25′ N, 100°59.04′ E, alt. 1339 m, 21 May 2011, Z.X. Li & G.C. Zhou leg. (SWUC); 2 males and 4 females, Puer City, Simaogang, 22°29.17′ N, 100°35.96′ E, alt. 637m, 22 May 2011, Z.X. Li & G.C. Zhou leg. (SWUC); 6 males and 4 females, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Mengla County, near Mannasang Bridge, 21°26.26′ N, 101°33.47′ E, alt. 632m, 26 May 2011, Z.X. Li & G.C. Zhou leg. (SWUC); 2 females, Jinghong City, Mengla County, Manhe Town, 21°30.56′ N, 101°34.57′ E, alt. 642 m, 27 May 2011, Z.X. Li & G.C. Zhou leg. (SWUC); Guangdong: 1 male and 2 females, Fengkai County, Heishiding Natural Reserve, 23°27.92′ N, 111°54.36′ E, alt. 233 m, 6 July 2010, Z.X. Li & L.Y. Wang leg. (SWUC); Guangxi: 2 females, Cunzuo City, Banli Town, 22°27′ N, 107°51′ E, alt. 174 m, 10 August 2009, K.Y. Xu leg. (SWUC); 1 male and 1 female, Ningming County, Nongna Village, 22°12′ N, 107°03′ E, alt. 106 m, 15 August 2009, K.Y. Xu leg. (SWUC); Fujian: 1 male, Shanghang County, 2 June 2004, F. Zhang leg. (MHBU); 1 male, Wuyishan Natural Reserve, Yulin Kiosk, 2 August 2010, F. Zhang, B.S. Zhang & J.Y. Fu leg. (MHBU); Hainan: 1 female, Lingao County, Gaoshanling, 27 July 2007, F. Zhang & G.X. Han leg. (MHBU); 2 females, Dongfang City, Datian, 5 August 2007, F. Zhang & G.X. Han leg. (MHBU); 1 male and 5 females, Changjiang County, Bawangling, 8 November 2008, S.T. Guo leg. (MHBU); Taiwan: 1 male and 1 female, Taichung, Campus of Tunghai University, 25 November 2014, S.C. Zhang leg. (SWUC).

Distribution. China (Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Yunnan, Jiangxi, Hunan) (Fig. 9), India, Philippines (Fig. 1).