The constantinaria group

The six known members of the constantinaria group are easily recognised by their wing patterns: brown coloured with large deep yellow blotches on the forewing. Male valves are overall similar as in the parrhasiata group; the aedeagus is straight and slender without cornuti. The male genitalia within the group are rather similar and appear to be of little use for the diagnosis of species. C. occulta stat. rev. and C. hiltae sp. nov. form a cryptic species complex that can reliably only be distinguished by DNA barcoding. Species are distributed from Colombia to northern Argentina (Fig. 2c).