Pyrausta despicata (Scopoli, 1763)

(Fig. 11B, C)

Phalaena despicata Scopoli, 1763: 231 .

TL: Slovenia [Carniolia]

Syn.: Phalaena Tortrix koenigiana O. F. M̧ller, 1764: 53.

Pyralis vestianella Clerck, 1764: pl. 2 fig. 11.

Pyralis cespitalis Denis & Schifferm ̧ller, 1775: 123.

Pyralis sordialis Thunberg, 1784: 16 .

Pyralis sordidalis Ḩbner, 1796: 15, pl. 7 fig. 40.

Pyralis zonana Panzer, 1804: 210 .

Pirausta [sic] intermedialis Duponchel, 1833: 350–351, pl. 234 figs 1–2.

Pyrausta coespitalis A. Costa, 1843: 59.

Pyrausta tendinosalis Bremer, 1864: 99, pl. 8 fig. 10.

Herbula picarialis Walker, 1866: 1287–1288 .

Pyrausta cespitalis yangtsealis Caradja, 1938: 249 .

Pyrausta ifranalis P. Leraut, 2001: 174 .

Material examined. 184 ♂♂, 45 ♀♀: Alborz Prov.: 1 ♂, Karaj, 28.vii.1971, no collector is given, 1 ♂, Karaj, 3. ix.1990, no collector is given, 2 ♂♂, Karaj, Shâhdasht, 1160 m, 15.iv.1976, Rajabi leg., 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Karaj, Arangeh, 19.viii.1978, Hâshemi, Zairi leg. , 2 ♂♂, Âsârâ, 40 km N Karaj, 1850 m, 27.vi.1971, Safavi, Borumand, Kâviân, Ghâzioff leg. , 1 ♂, Tâleghân, Sabzân, 1550 m, 30.viii.-1.ix.1996, Badii, Barâri, Sarafrâzi leg. , 1 ♂, Tâleghân, 26.-31.vii.1976, Kâviân leg. ; Ardebil Prov.: 1 ♂, Heyrân- Ardebil Rd., 1200 m, 16.viii.1970, Naim leg. , 1 ♂, Ardebil, 10 km N Namin, 1450 m, 15.viii.1991, Hâshemi, Parchami-Arâghi leg. ; Châhârmahâl and Bakhtiâri Prov.: 1 ♂, Gandomân, Sabzkuh, 2450 m, 11.-14.vii.1983, Mirzâyâns, Borumand leg. , 1 ♂, Shahrekord, 21.vii.1974, Hâshemi, Zairi leg. , 1 ♂, Shahrekord, Farrokhshahr, 23.vii.1974, Hâshemi, Zairi leg. ; East Âzarbâijân Prov.: 1 ♂, Khoy, 30 km Qotur, 1480 m, 19.vii.1976, Pâzuki, Borumand leg. , 1 ♂, Bostânâbâd, 1675 m, 24.viii.1994, Sarafrâzi, Ebrâhimi leg. , 1 ♂, Marâgheh, Alov Kandi, 1650 m, 15.viii.1994, Ebrâhimi, V. Nazari leg. , 1 ♂, Kaleybar, Tâtâr, N 38˚21΄53.9˝,E 47˚51΄43.4˝, 345 m, 27.vii.2007, Âlipanâh, Zahiri, Falsafi leg. , 1 ♀, Kaleybar, Âinâloo, N 38˚53ˊ17.9˝, E 46˚48ˊ03.2˝, 1463 m, 17.viii.2014, Afsariân leg. ; Esfahân Prov.: 1 ♂, Semirom, Sivar, 2150 m, 9.viii.1978, Pâzuki, Borumand leg. , 1 ♂, Natanz, Targh, Vargurân vill., N 33˚23΄17.28˝, E 51˚48΄45.18˝, 2241 m, 13.viii.2010, Âlipanâh, Nematiân leg. , 1 ♂, Khânsâr, Golestân Kuh, 2700 m, 3, 4.vii.1983, Mirzâyâns, Borumand leg. , 1 ♀, Denâ Mt., E Komeh- Khafr Rd., 2500 m, 9.vi.2005, Hofmann, Meineke leg. , 7 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, Ardestân, Mahâbâd, 950 m, Ebrâhimi, Parchami-Arâghi leg. ; Fârs Prov.: 1 ♂, Shirâz, Bamoo, 1700 m, 25.ix.1996, Barâri, Parchami-Arâghi, Moghaddam leg. , 3 ♂♂, Sepidân, Mârgoon waterfall, 1910 m, 28.ix.1996, Barâri, Parchami-Arâghi, Moghaddam leg. , 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Kâzerun, Dasht-e Arzhan, 1950 m, 13.v.1974, Abâi, Pâzuki leg. , 1 ♀, Kâzerun, Nowdân, 1100 m, 13.ix.1974, Pâzuki, Hâshemi leg. , 1 ♀, Kâzerun, Nowdân, 1250 m, 17.v.1975, Abâi, Pâzuki leg. , 1 ♂, Jahrom, 13.ix.1971, Borumand leg. , 1 ♂, Farâshband, 15.iv.1966, Mojibi, Hâshemi leg. , 1 ♂, Khafr, Khâvarân, 1450 m, 16.xi.1997, V. Nazari, Barâri, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg. ; Qazvin Prov.: 1 ♀, Qazvin, Chingar, 1320 m, 7.vi.1995, Parcham-Arâghi, Ebrâhimi, Ardeh leg. , 1 ♂, Rudbâr-e Shahrestân, Daryâbak, 2150 m, 12.vi.1995, Parchami-Arâghi, Ebrâhimi, Ardeh leg. , 1 ♂, Rudbâr-e Shahrestân, Falâr, 1150 m, 25.vi.1994, Ebrâhimi leg. ; Gilân Prov.: 2 ♂♂, Amârloo, 28.ix.1970, Ebert, Abâi leg. , 1 ♂, Asâlem, Pisâson, 1150 m, 7.viii.1975, Mirzâyâns leg. , 1 ♂, Bandar Anzali, 8.viii.1974, Mirzâyâns, Farahbakhsh leg. , 1 ♀, Lâhijân, Siâhkal, Bâlârud, 270 m, 12.viii.1980, Pâzuki, Borumand leg. , 1 ♂, Rudbâr, Arbenâb, Dorfak, 2400-2700 m, 29.-31.vii.1999, Ebrâhimi, Badii, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg. , 6 ♂♂, Rahimâbâd, Leymâ, Samâmus, 1500-2500 m, 6.-7.viii.1999, Ebrâhimi, Badii, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg. , 1 ♂, Mâsuleh, Mâsuleh- Khalkhâl Rd., N 37˚09΄45.7˝, E 48˚59΄54.8˝, 1150 m, 13.ix.2008, Âlipanâh, Buszko, Falsafi leg. ; Golestân Prov.: 1 ♂, Golestân National Park, Tang-e Gol, 630 m, 4.-5.ix.1987, Pâzuki leg. , 1 ♀, Golestân National Park, Tang-e Gol, 700 m, 24.-27.vii.1996, Ebrâhimi, V. Nazari leg. , 1 ♂, Gâlikesh, 190 m, 28.ix.2000, Ghayurfar, Gilâsiân leg. , 1 ♂, Gorgân, Aliâbâd, Shirinâbâd, 22.v.2005, Falsafi, Nematiân leg. ; Hamedân Prov.: 1 ♀, Barât, 2350 m, 8.viii.1997, Barâri, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg., 1 ♂, Târik Darreh, 2000 m, 26.vii.1987, Mirzâyâns, Hâshemi leg. ; Ilâm Prov.: 1 ♂, Mehrân, 20.v.1970, Abâi leg. ; Kermân Prov.: 1 ♂, Lâlehzâr, 7.vi.1971, Hâshemi, Naim leg. , 1 ♂, Jebâl-e Bârez, 12.vi.1971, Naim, Hâshemi leg. , 1 ♂, Râbor, 2700 m, 28.-29.x.1993, Ebrâhimi, Hâshemi leg. , 1 ♂, Bâft, Darreh Pahn, 1750 m, 21.v.1977, Safavi, Pâzuki, Abâi leg. , 2 ♂♂, Jiroft, Narâb, 15.- 17.xi.1999, Badii, Barâri, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg. ; Khuzestân Prov.: 1 ♀, Shâdegân, 50 m, 17.xi.1995, Badii, Mirzâyâns leg. , 1 ♂, Izeh, Susan, 600 m, 26.iv.1995, Badii, Ardeh, Parchami-Arâghi leg. ; Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Prov.: 2 ♂♂, Sisakht, Tang-e Kuhgol, 2300 m, 9.ix.1991, Ebrâhimi, Badii leg. ; Kordestân Prov.: 2 ♂♂, 2♀♀, Marivân, Kânisânân, 1320 m, 9.viii.2004, Ghayurfar, Nematiân leg. , 1 ♂, Sanandaj, Ariz, 2200 m, 5.vii.1972, Mirzâyâns, Abâi leg. , 1 ♂, Ghorveh, Badr-o Parishân Mt., N 35˚02΄41.7˝, E 47˚48΄22.8˝, 2374 m, 4.viii.2014, Afsariân leg. ; Markazi Prov.: 1 ♀, Âshtiân, Âhoo, Bidsukhteh valley, 2000 m, 29.vii.1997, Barâri, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg. ; Mâzandarân Prov.: 1 ♂, Zirâb, 3 km W Kelârijân, 950 m, 2.-3.x.1981, Pâzuki leg. (gen. prep. HA-2857, HMIM) , 2 ♂♂, Kojur, Nichkuh, 1900 m, 12.ix.1990, Ebrâhimi, Badii leg. , 2 ♂♂, Kelârdasht, Toydarreh, Mâzichâl, 1400 m, 24.v.2003, Gilâsiân, Nematiân leg. , 2 ♂♂, Râmsar, Javâherdeh, 1700 m, 8.ix.1990, Ebrâhimi, Badii leg. , 1 ♂, Râmsar, 6 km Javâherdeh, N 36˚54΄29.3˝, E 50˚35΄13.2˝, 554 m, 23.vii.2007, Âlipanâh, Zahiri leg. , 1 ♀, Châlakrud, Ekrâsar, 1560 m, 11.ix.1990, Ebrâhimi, Badii leg. , 1 ♂, Kelârdasht, Mâzichâl, 1200 m, 13.vii.2000, Ebrâhimi, Barâri, Mofidi-Neyestânak, Deuve leg. , 1 ♂, Tonekâbon, 7.viii.1969, Abâi leg. , 1 ♂, Chamestân, Vâz vill., N 36˚21΄49.6˝, E 52˚06΄03.1˝, 557 m, 28.vi.2007, Âlipanâh, Nematiân leg. ; North Khorâsân Prov.: 1 ♂, Khosrawiyeh, Âlâdâgh, 1600 m, 16.vi.1974, Rajabi, Pâzuki leg. , 1 ♂, 20 km SE Esfarâyen, Rishi, 1350 m, 16. vi.1977, Pâzuki, Abâi leg. , 2♀♀, Âshkhâneh- Bojnurd Rd., 15 km E Bojnurd, N 37˚31΄31.6˝, E 57˚08΄08.4˝, 1058 m, 16.vi.2013, Falsafi, Âlipanâh leg. , 1 ♀, Âshkhâneh- Chamanbid Rd., 17 km after Jozak vill., Jozak Tree Industry, N 37˚25΄25.2˝, E 56˚40΄28.2˝, 1148 m, 1.vii.2014, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg. , 1 ♂, Âshkhâneh, Mehmânak vill., N 37˚29΄36.5˝, E 56˚52΄27.6˝, 1040 m, 17.vi.2013, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg. , 1 ♂, 1 ♀, N Shirvân, Kopet Dâgh Mt., Sarâni vill., Sarâni protected area, N 37˚48΄22.5˝, E 57˚56΄29.7˝, 1500 m, 22.vi.2013, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg. ; Razavi Khorâsân Prov.: 1 ♂, Neyshâbur, 23.ix.1972, Abâi, Pâzuki leg. , 1 ♂, Neyshâbur, Bozhân, 1350 m, 20.viii.1993, Ebrâhimi, Badii leg. , 1 ♂, Mashhad, 7.viii.1968, Shâhrokhi leg. , 1 ♀, Mashhad, Torogh, 3.vii.1971, Kalâli leg. , 1 ♂, Mashhad, Torogh, 28.vii.1971, Shâhrokhi leg. , 1 ♀, 20 km S Mashhad, 1000 m, 3.ix.1980, Hâshemi, Zairi leg. , 1 ♂, Torbat-e Heydariyeh, Rudmajan, 19.vii.1971, Âyatollâhi, Pâzuki leg. , 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Fadiheh, 20.vii.1971, Pâzuki, Âyatollâhi leg. , 3 ♂♂, Kâshmar, 24.vii.1971, Pâzuki, Âyatollâhi leg. , 3 ♂♂, Kâshmar, 24.vii.1971, Pâzuki, Âyatollâhi leg. , 1 ♀, Ghuchân- Bâjgirân Rd., 46 km N Ghuchân, Dorbâdâm protected area, N 37˚25΄25.5˝, E 58˚31΄34.0˝, 1800 m, 20.vi.2013, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg. , 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Daregaz, 3.viii.1971, Pâzuki, Âyatollâhi leg. , 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Daregaz- Kalât-e Nâder Rd., Lâeen vill. to Khâkestar vill. Rd., before Châhârrâh vill., Hezârmasjed Mts, N 37˚02΄39.5˝, E 59˚26΄10.11˝, 1344 m, 27.vi.2014, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg. , 1 ♀, Sarakhs, Tajan, 250 m, 17. viii.1993, Ebrâhimi, Badii leg. ; Semnân Prov.: 1 ♂, Golestân National Park, Dasht-e Shâd, 1390 m, 25.-26.vii.1996, Ebrâhimi, V. Nazari leg. , 3 ♂♂, Shâhrud, SS Shâhvâr Mt., 2030 m, 26.-28.viii.1983, Borumand, Pâzuki leg. ; Sistân and Baluchestân Prov.: 18 ♂♂, Sarâvân, Bakhshân, 1140 m, 19.xii.1992, Ebrâhimi, Badii leg. , 2 ♂♂, Sarâvân, Jâlgh, 4.vi.1996, Mirzâyâns, Borumand, Âvand-Faghih, Ebrâhimi leg. , 2 ♂♂, Sarâvân, Kahnuk, 1150 m, 20.-21.xii.1992, Ebrâhimi, Badii leg. , 1 ♂, Khâsh, Kusheh, 2000 m, 21.v.1972, Abâi, Ebert leg. , 1 ♀, Zâhedân, 5 km S Lâdiz cave, Alenjân, N 28˚54΄57.5˝, E 61˚18΄24.8˝, 1.xi.2004, Moghaddam, Hâjiesmailiân, Nâserzâdeh leg. ; Tehrân Prov.: 40 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, Tehrân, Evin, 15, 18, 22, 28.vii.1970, 26.viii.1970, 29.v.1971, 7, 8, 15, 16, 21, 23, 27.vi.1971, 3, 15, 16, 18, 19, 22, 23, 26, 27, 28, 31.vii.1971, 1, 6, 9, 12, 13, 23, 29.viii.1971, 8, 10.ix.1971, 8.x.1971, 27.iv.1972, 1600 m, 8, 12, 14.vi.1972, 28.ix.1972, 10, 11, 24.vi.1973, 21, 22, 25.vii.1973, 11, 12, 26.vi.1974, 11.vii.1974, 15.ix.1974, 9, 13.vi.1976, no collector is given, 3 ♀♀, Varâmin, 24.vii.1949, 4.viii.1969, Eghlidi leg. , 2 ♂♂, Shemshak, 25.vii.1969, Mirzâyâns, Abâi leg. , 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Damâvand, Âbsard, 1900 m, 3.-7.vii.1978, Pâzuki, Sabzevâri leg. , 1 ♂, Firuzkuh, Hesârbon, 1600 m, 5.-6.x.1981, Pâzuki leg. , 1 ♂, Firuzkuh, Chehel Cheshmeh, 1920 m, 21.viii.1983, Borumand, Pâzuki leg. ; West Âzarbâijân Prov.: 1 ♂, Orumiyeh, 9.ix.1976, no collector is given, 3 ♂♂, Bâzargân, 1470 m, 11.ix.1975, Abâi leg. ; Zanjân Prov.: 3 ♂♂, Soltâniyeh, Asadâbâd, 1750 m, 14.viii.1993, Ebrâhimi, Sarafrâzi leg. , 1 ♂, Soltâniyeh, Geydâr, 1950 m, 2.vii.1974, Termeh, Musavi leg. , 1 ♂, Tehem, Tâzehkand, N 36˚55΄25.6˝, E 48˚42΄51.4˝, 1433 m, 26.vi.2013, Afsariân leg.

Distribution. All of Europe excluding the northernmost parts; Transcaucasia; Central Asia; Far East; Turkey, Morocco, Siberia, Afghanistan, north of India, Korea, China, North America (Slamka, 2013), Iran: Alborz (Karaj, Kandovan Rd.), Fars (Dasht-e Arzhan, Komehr, Shiraz, Sineh Sefid, Sheykh Rash), Golestan (Golestan National Park [Ghaleh Palangan] and Gorgan), Hamedan (Hamedan, Soltanabad), Mazandaran (Polur, Tarsi Kola) and Tehran (Firuzkuh, Tehran) Provinces (Lederer 1871; Zerny 1940; Amsel 1961; Wieser et al. 2002).

Remarks. In examined specimens, the ground colour of the forewing varies from pale brownish-orange to pale ochreous-brown, pale brown to greyish-brown (Fig. 11B, C). A few specimens have dark ochreous-brown ground colour. The females (Fig. 11B) have more contrasting markings compared with the males (Fig. 11C).