Sulcophanaeus velutinus (Murray, 1856) Plate 51B

Phanaeus velutinus Murray, 1856: 213 (original description. Type locality. Ecuador, neighborhood of Quito).

Phanaeus velutinus: Gemminger and Harold 1869: 1020 (list, distribution); Nevinson 1892: 8 (list of species of the genus Phanaeus); Gillet 1911a: 87 (complete list of species).

Phanaeus (Phanaeus) velutinus: d’ Olsoufieff 1924: 33 (characters in key), 83 (diagnosis), 147 (distribution); Blackwelder 1944: 210 (list of species from Latin America); Vulcano and Pereira 1967: 575 (characters in key).

Sulcophanaeus velutinus: Howden and Young 1981: 138 (characters in key, redescription); Edmonds 2000: 20 (characters in key), 23 (diagnosis); Vitolo 2000: 595 (characters in key); Medina et al. 2001: 140 (cited for Colombia); Arnaud 2002a: 135 (diagnosis); Ratcliffe 2002: 17 (cited for Panama); Vitolo 2004: 282 (diagnosis); Carvajal et al. 2011: 320-321 (cited for Ecuador); Krajcik 2012: 204 (cited as species of the genus Phanaeus Macleay, 1819); Solís and Kohlmann 2012: 8 (cited for Costa Rica); Chamorro et al. 2018: 81 (figure 4H), 84 (figure 7B), 98 (cited for Ecuador).

Type specimens.

Phanaeus velutinus Murray, 1856. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the NHML. Locality: Quito, examined.

Holotype (♂): "Quito / 78.19 [hw]", "Velutinus / (Type) Murray [hw]", "Type [p, red margin]", "9642 [hw]", "Velutinus Murr / Edin. New. Phil. J. 1857/ Quito [hw]", "Phanaeus / velutinus Murr. / LECTOTYPE ♂ / P. ARNAUD DET 1983 [p and hw, red margin]", "Phanaeus / velutinus / Murray, 1856 / HOLOTYPE".

Distribution.

Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, and Panama.

Records examined.

IMBABURA: Santa Cecilia (2 specimens MECN). PICHINCHA: 10.6 km Mindo Road, 1460 m (1 specimen MQCAZ); Estación Biológica la Hesperia (2 specimens CEMT; 20 specimens MUTPL); Quito (1 specimen NHML). Pampas Argentinas (1 specimen MQCAZ).

Literature records.

AZUAY: Pucay [= Bucay, GUAYAS province] (Edmonds, 2000: 24). BOLIVAR: Balzapamba ( d’Olsoufieff, 1924: 83); Chimbo ( d’Olsoufieff, 1924: 83). CAÑAR: Javín, 1300 m (Edmonds, 2000: 24). LOS RÍOS: Quevedo, Pichilingue, 45 m (Edmonds, 2000: 24). LOS RÍOS [= SANTO DOMINGO DE LOS TSÁCHILAS]: Santo Domingo (Edmonds, 2000: 24).

Temporal data.

Collected in January, February, March, April, May, July, November, and December.

Remarks.

Inhabits coastal lowland evergreen forests and coastal evergreen foothill forests from 45-1460 m a.s.l. Collected with flight interception traps and pitfall traps baited with carrion, human and pig feces.