31. Cheilolejeunea xanthocarpa (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Malombe (2009: 326) 2009 .—

Jungermannia xanthocarpa Lehm. & Lindenb. (in Lehmann 1833: 8).

Type:— BRAZIL. Ad Novum Friburgum, H.K. Beyrich s.n. (S, lectotype designated by Grolle & Piippo 1990).— Fig. 20S–Z.

Plants pale glaucous or light green, 1.2–2 mm wide. Stems in cross section 95–130 µm in diameter, 11–18 epidermal cells, 10–32 × 7–19 µm; 18–29 medullary cells, 8–24 × 6–15 µm. Ventral merophytes 4–6 cells wide. Leaves imbricate, orbicular to ovate-elongate, concave, 820–1000 × 640–850 µm, margin entire, apex rounded, ventral margin strongly curved; cells orbicular to subquadrate, mammillose and usually thick-walled on the dorsal side, conspicuous trigones; basal cells 16–33 × 12–25 µm, median cells 14–27 × 9–28 µm, marginal cells 10–19 × 8–16 µm. Lobules rectangular, ca. 1/2 of leaf length, tooth variable in length, 1–5 cells long and 1–2 cells wide at the base, free margin flat. Underleaves imbricate, reniform, 410–500 × 360–730 µm, 4–7.5 × stem width, margin entire, base cordate. Autoicous. Androecia on short-specialized branches, 2–4 pairs of bracts. Gynoecia with pycnolejeuneoid innovations, bracts obovate, 950 × 600 µm, apex acute. Perianth 5-keeled, keels weak to very strongly developed, beak short. Vegetative reproduction unknown.

Distribution and habitat:—Pantropical (Evans 1907, Schuster 1980). In the Neotropics occurring from Costa Rica to Argentina (Bastos 2017, Gradstein 2021). This species is widely distributed in the study area on tree trunks and branches, or on rocks, in the coastal desert and semi-desert and in the inter-Andean desert and semi-desert; also in savannas, in deciduous forests, in lower and upper montane rainforest, and in grass páramos, between 500 and 3500 m, in the Puntarenas-Chiriquí, Guajira, Magdalena, Cauca, and Galápagos Islands provinces (Gradstein 2021) of the Pacific dominion, and in the Páramo province of SATZ (Fig. 21).

Comments: —Characterized by its pale glaucous green color, leaves with ventral margins strongly curved, cells mammillose and with thickened outer wall, lobules 1/3–2/3 x the leaf length, and underleaves undivided, 4–7.5 × stem width. The length of the lobe tooth can vary considerably, from 1–5 cells, which can lead to confusion with C. unciloba; however, in most specimens of the latter, the leaves are flat to slightly recurved at apex only the leaf cells are thin-walled, and the underleaves tend to be more reniform.

Specimens examined:— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Rio Acima, 20°05’10”S 43°41’15”S, 1628 m, 6 June 2017, Oliveira 412 (BHCB) . Rio de Janeiro: Itatiaia, Parque Nacional de Itatiaia, 2400 m, 13 April 2000, Costa 3844 (RB) . Santa Catarina: S„o Joaquim, 28°14’15”S, 49°49’10”W, 1490 m, 15 November 2003, Costa 4307 (RB). São Paulo: S„o Bernardo do Campo, 23°49’35”S, 46°30’46”W, 780 m, Prudêncio 632 (RB) . COLOMBIA. Antioquia: Abejorral, vereda El Guaico, 5°54’30.9”N, 75°26’47.7”W, 2133 m, Ordoñez 733 (HUA) ; Angelópolis, vereda San Isidro, 6°6’22.7”N, 75°43’14.9”W, 2130 m, 5 November 2016, Rodriguez 32 (HUA) ; Bello, Alto de San Felix, 6°20’N, 75°40’W, 2800–3000 m, 26 July 1998, Parra (549) ; Caldas, vereda La Clara, 6°3’43.6”N, 75°37’34.8”W, 1897 m, Ordoñez 165 (HUA) ; Guatapé, vereda Santa Rita, 1850 m, 20 November 1986, Thiers 4040 (HUA) ; La Estrella, 6°8’50.24”N, 75°37’47.32”W, 1697 m, Ordoñez 146 (HUA) ; Medellin, corregimiento Santa Elena, 6°15’54.1”N, 75°31’24.6”W, 27 August 2015, Ordoñez 499 (HUA) ; Rionegro, sector Llanogrande, 6°8’31”N, 75°23’56.7”W, 2106 m, 12 July 2017, Hernández 1525 (HUA) . San Luis, 682 m, 7 June 2018, Carvajal 12 (HUA) . Boyacá: Arcabuco, 5°44’28.9’’N, 73°23’56.5’’W, 2960 m, 8 December 2021, Gil-Novoa & Costa 3689, 3693 (UPTC) ; Cienega, vereda Cebadal, 5°21’77.9”N, 73°16’46”W, 2785 m, 5 December 2012, Moreno 1033 (UPTC) ; Samacá, vda. Chorrera, 5°26’12”N, 73°33’12”W, 3450 m, 21 December 2004, Alvaro 861 (UPTC) ; Tunja, RFP El Malmo, 3150 m, 23 November 2002, Alvaro 344 (UPTC) ; Villa de Leyva, Santuario de Flora y Fauna de Iguaque, 2100–2900 m, 9 June 2001, Acosta 19 (UPTC) . Casanare: Sácama, 1440 m, 16 August 1982, Aguirre 3026 (COL) ; La Salina, 2600 m, 18 August 1982, Aguirre 3163 (COL) . Cundinamarca: Bogotá, Cerros Orientales, 4°34’15.12”N, 74°3’15,42”W, 3361 m, 8 May 2018, Malagón 1332 (COL) ; Chipaque, 4°27’51”N, 74°04’28.5”W, 3231–3300 m, 4 November 2016, Delgado 125 (UDBC) ; Guasca, 3150 m, 7 August 1980, Gradstein 3674a (COL) ; Subachoque, cuchilla El Tablazo, 3360 m, 6 November 1983, Linares 947 (COL) . Magdalena: Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, cuchilla de San Lorenzo, 13 January 1967, Winkler C209 (COL) . Santander: Charalá, 1200 m, 25 October 1988, Schuster 88-1086 (COL) . San José de Suaita, 1600 m, 8 November 1998, Uribe 3361 (COL) . ECUADOR. Piñas: 3°39.3’S, 79°44.3’W, 960 m, 17 March 2012, Schafer-Verwimp 32928/D (QCA) . Zamora–Chinchipe: Reserva Biológica San Francisco, 03°58’18”S, 79°04’14”W, 1800 m, May 2001, Holz 557, 568 (QCA) . VENEZUELA. Mérida: Sierra Nevada de Mérida, 2700 m, 25–25 February 1976, Schuster 76-1492a (F) . Táchira: s. of Villa Paez, Páramo de Tama, 3140 m, 1 March 1976, Schuster 76-1926b (F).