taxonID	type	description	language	source
FD4F87B4FFA47E08D09DFE2EAA7DF8C6.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: B 101 A 794 - 9 DE 4 - 4 F 5 B- 8 A 5 A-F 59 C 01 CA 2 C 31 Figures 1, 2 C, 3 – 5, 15 A	en	Cardoso, Giovanna Monticelli, Oliveira, Marcus Paulo Alves De, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2025): Widespread yet hidden in darkness: new troglobitic Hyalella species from Brazilian caves (Amphipoda: Hyalellidae). Zootaxa 5692 (3): 519-540, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.5
FD4F87B4FFA47E08D09DFE2EAA7DF8C6.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Brazil, Pará state, Canaã dos Carajás municipality: Holotype ♂ (ISLA 66169), ST _ 0042 cave (- 6.3133 º - 50.093 º), 14. VII. 2016, leg. M. P. Oliveira. Paratypes: 1 ♂, 3 ♀ (ISLA 66172, 2 in slide), same data as holotype; 4 ♀ (ISLA 66171), same location as holotype, 01. II. 2016; 2 ♂, 1 ♀ (ISLA 66168), ST _ 0041 cave (- 6.3134 º - 50.0926 º), 23. I. 2016; ST _ 0041 cave, 23. I. 2016; 2 ♂ (ISLA 66170, 1 in slide), ST _ 0041 cave, 19. VII. 2016.	en	Cardoso, Giovanna Monticelli, Oliveira, Marcus Paulo Alves De, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2025): Widespread yet hidden in darkness: new troglobitic Hyalella species from Brazilian caves (Amphipoda: Hyalellidae). Zootaxa 5692 (3): 519-540, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.5
FD4F87B4FFA47E08D09DFE2EAA7DF8C6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Eyes absent; antenna 1 as long as antenna 2 with 14 articles on flagellum; antenna 2 flagellum with 11 articles; propodus of gnathopod 1 ventral face with three serrate setae; telson with two medial simple setae and two cuspidate setae with accessory seta.	en	Cardoso, Giovanna Monticelli, Oliveira, Marcus Paulo Alves De, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2025): Widespread yet hidden in darkness: new troglobitic Hyalella species from Brazilian caves (Amphipoda: Hyalellidae). Zootaxa 5692 (3): 519-540, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.5
FD4F87B4FFA47E08D09DFE2EAA7DF8C6.taxon	description	Description Male: Body length of 3.8 mm; cephalothorax length 0.37 mm. Body surface smooth. Epimeral plates not acuminate. Cephalothorax slightly longer than first thoracic segment, rostrum absent. Eyes absent (Figs 2 C, 15 A). Antenna 1 (Fig. 3 A) as long as antenna 2; flagellum of 14 articles, longer than peduncle. Antenna 2 (Fig. 3 B) less than half body length, peduncle longer than cephalothorax, flagellum with 11 articles, longer than peduncle. Mandible incisor with six teeth; lacinia mobilis with six teeth; left mandible (Fig. 3 C) setal row with three long and robust pappose setae; right mandible (Fig. 3 D) with two pappose setae; molar large, cylindrical, and triturative; accessory seta present. Upper-lip (Fig. 3 E) margin rounded, and distal margin covered by short several setules on ventral and dorsal faces. Lower-lip (Fig. 3 F) bilobed, outer lobes rounded with several setules on ventral and dorsal faces, outer margin smooth. Maxilla 1 (Fig. 3 G) palp short, uniarticulate, longer than wide, with one strong seta; inner plate slender, smaller than outer plate, with two strong pappose apical setae and several simple setae on inner and outer margin; outer plate with nine serrate setae. Maxilla 2 (Fig. 3 H) inner plate shorter than outer plate, with two strong papposerrate setae, medial margin with one long seta and several simple and serrate setae on anterior margin; outer and inner plate with abundant simple setae. Maxilliped (Fig. 3 I) inner plate apically rounded, with three cuspidate setae, pappose setae apically, medially and on outer margin; outer plate as wide as inner plate, apically rounded with apical and medial simple setae; palp longer than outer plate, with four articles, with simple setae; dactylus unguiform, shorter than article 3, without comb scales; distal setae simple, shorter than nail, inner margin with setae; distal nail present. Gnathopod 1 (Fig. 3 J) subchelate; dactylus claw-like with one plumose seta; propodus length less than two times maximum width, hammer shaped, ventral face with three serrate setae, anterodistal margin one clusters of simple setae, posterodistal margin with one strong cuspidate seta with accessory seta, and comb scales; carpus longer than wide, longer and wider than propodus, strong and wide posterior lobe with pectinate border with several serrate setae; base, ischium and merus with few simple setae on posterodistal margin. Gnathopod 2 (Fig. 3 K) subchelate; dactylus claw-like, short, 1 / 3 of propodus length, with one plumose seta, with comb scales; propodus ovate, length about 1.6 maximum width, with one cluster of simple setae distally, palm short, haft of posterior margin, slope oblique, with row of cuspidate setae with accessory seta and simple setae; carpus wider than long with posterior lobe elongated between propodus and merus, border pectinate with several pappose setae; base, ischium and merus with few simple setae on posterior margin. Pereopods 3 and 5 (Fig. 4 A – C) similar in size; pereopod 4 slightly longer, pereopod 5 shortest; propodus, carpus, merus, ischium, and base with several simple and cuspidate setae with accessory seta, on posterior and anterior margin; dactylus less than half the length of propodus. Pereopod 6 (Fig. 4 D) longer than others, pereopod 7 (Fig. 4 E) slightly shorter than pereopod 6. Coxal plate of pereopod 4 excavated posteriorly, reduced on pereopods 5 – 7. Pleopods (Fig. 4 F) not modified; peduncle slender, shorter than rami, with two coupling spines; rami with several plumose setae on both margins. Uropod 1 (Fig. 4 G) longer than uropod 2; peduncle longer than rami, with five cuspidate setae with accessory seta; inner ramus with one dorsal cuspidate seta and three cuspidate setae apically; outer ramus with two dorsal cuspidate setae and three cuspidate setae apically. Uropod 2 (Fig. 4 H) peduncle shorter than rami, with three dorsal setae; rami subequal in length; inner ramus with one dorsal cuspidate seta and three cuspidate setae apically, outer ramus with two dorsal cuspidate setae and four apical setae. Uropod 3 (Fig. 4 I) shorter than other uropods; peduncle slender (rectangular), wider than ramus, with one cuspidate seta; inner ramus absent; outer ramus uniarticulate with two cuspidate setae and one long simple seta apically. Telson (Fig. 4 J) as long as wide, entire, apically rounded with two medial simple setae and two cuspidate setae with accessory seta, distributed on distal margin, and three small plumose setae laterally. Coxal gills sac-like, present on gnathopod 2 to pereopod 6. Sternal gills tubular, present on segments 2 to 7. Female (Fig. 5): body length of 3.6 mm; cephalothorax length: 0.23 mm. Antenna 1 flagellum of 11 articles. Antenna 2 flagellum of eight articles. Gnathopod 1 (Fig. 5 A) similar in size and shape of male gnathopod 1; ventral face with three serrate setae, anterodistally and posterodistally with comb scales; carpus posterior lobe with pectinate border with row of several serrate setae. Gnathopod 2 (Fig. 5 B) propodus rectangular, similar to gnathopod 1; propodus inner face with two serrate setae. Uropod 1 (Fig. 5 C) longer than uropod 2; peduncle shorter than rami, with four cuspidate setae with accessory seta; inner ramus with one dorsal cuspidate seta and three cuspidate setae apically; outer ramus with two dorsal cuspidate setae and three cuspidate setae apically. Uropod 2 (Fig. 5 D) peduncle shorter than rami, with three dorsal setae; rami subequal in length; inner ramus with one dorsal cuspidate seta and three cuspidate setae apically, outer ramus with two dorsal cuspidate setae and four apical setae. Uropod 3 and telson similar to male.	en	Cardoso, Giovanna Monticelli, Oliveira, Marcus Paulo Alves De, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2025): Widespread yet hidden in darkness: new troglobitic Hyalella species from Brazilian caves (Amphipoda: Hyalellidae). Zootaxa 5692 (3): 519-540, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.5
FD4F87B4FFA47E08D09DFE2EAA7DF8C6.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The epithet is given in designation to the Amazon forest. All specimens were collected in the state of Pará, located in the Amazon rainforest.	en	Cardoso, Giovanna Monticelli, Oliveira, Marcus Paulo Alves De, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2025): Widespread yet hidden in darkness: new troglobitic Hyalella species from Brazilian caves (Amphipoda: Hyalellidae). Zootaxa 5692 (3): 519-540, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.5
FD4F87B4FFA47E08D09DFE2EAA7DF8C6.taxon	discussion	Morphological remarks: Hyalella amazonica sp. nov. is a stygobite species from caves in the Amazon region. Hyalella amazonica sp. nov. differs from the other species by the absence of eyes, by the length of the antennae 1 and 2, by the shape of male gnathopod and by the number and type of setae on telson. Comparing with the other stygobite Hyalella species from Brazil, Hyalella amazonica sp. nov. resembles H. caeca and H. spelaea by the absence of a curved seta on uropod 1, however differs from them by the setae on telson, two simple setae on the middle plus one cuspidate on each side, while both H. caeca and H. spelaea have only two simple apical setae (Pereira 1989; Cardoso et al. 2011). By the similar length of the antennae 1 and 2, Hyalella amazonica sp. nov. resembles H. veredae, however, H. veredae presents a curved seta on uropod 1 (Cardoso et al. 2014).	en	Cardoso, Giovanna Monticelli, Oliveira, Marcus Paulo Alves De, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2025): Widespread yet hidden in darkness: new troglobitic Hyalella species from Brazilian caves (Amphipoda: Hyalellidae). Zootaxa 5692 (3): 519-540, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.5
FD4F87B4FFA07E04D09DFF0EACBFFB82.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 706 BA 911 - 9 B 44 - 48 B 9 - AE 19 - ADBA 0 AD 6 D 27 F Figures 1, 2 D, 6 – 8, 15 B, C	en	Cardoso, Giovanna Monticelli, Oliveira, Marcus Paulo Alves De, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2025): Widespread yet hidden in darkness: new troglobitic Hyalella species from Brazilian caves (Amphipoda: Hyalellidae). Zootaxa 5692 (3): 519-540, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.5
FD4F87B4FFA07E04D09DFF0EACBFFB82.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Brazil, Pará state, Canaã dos Carajás municipality: Holotype ♂ (ISLA 97012), S 11 C _ 0183 cave (- 6.4099 º - 50.3969 º), 09. IV. 2016, leg. M. P. Oliveira. Paratypes: 2 ♂, 5 ♀ (ISLA 44356, part in slide), same data as holotype; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (ISLA 105435), S 11 C _ 0103 cave (- 6,4049 º - 50,3883 º), 11. II. 2023, leg. M. P. Oliveira.	en	Cardoso, Giovanna Monticelli, Oliveira, Marcus Paulo Alves De, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2025): Widespread yet hidden in darkness: new troglobitic Hyalella species from Brazilian caves (Amphipoda: Hyalellidae). Zootaxa 5692 (3): 519-540, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.5
FD4F87B4FFA07E04D09DFF0EACBFFB82.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Eyes absent or reduced; antenna 1 shorter than antenna 2; flagellum of six articles; flagellum of antenna 2 with eight articles; propodus of gnathopod 1 ventral face with two serrate setae; propodus of gnathopod 2 ovate, palm longer than posterior margin with small lobe with comb scales, slope oblique; telson two cuspidate setae with accessory seta apically, plus three small setae laterally.	en	Cardoso, Giovanna Monticelli, Oliveira, Marcus Paulo Alves De, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2025): Widespread yet hidden in darkness: new troglobitic Hyalella species from Brazilian caves (Amphipoda: Hyalellidae). Zootaxa 5692 (3): 519-540, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.5
FD4F87B4FFA07E04D09DFF0EACBFFB82.taxon	description	Description Male: Body length of 2.8 mm; cephalothorax length of 0.15 mm. Body surface smooth. Epimeral plates not acuminate. Cephalothorax slightly longer than first thoracic segment, rostrum absent. Eyes absent (Figs 2 D, 15 B, C). Antenna 1 (Fig. 6 A) shorter than antenna 2; flagellum of six articles, longer than peduncle. Antenna 2 (Fig. 6 B) less than half body length, peduncle longer than cephalothorax, flagellum with eight articles, longer than peduncle. Mandible (Fig. 6 C, D) incisor with five to six teeth; lacinia mobilis denticulated; left mandible setal row with three pappose setae; right mandible with two pappose setae; molar large, cylindrical, and triturative; accessory seta present. Upper-lip margin rounded, and distal margin covered by setules on ventral and dorsal faces. Lower-lip (Fig. 6 E) bilobed, outer lobes rounded with several setules on ventral and dorsal faces, outer margin smooth. Maxilla 1 (Fig. 6 F) palp short, uniarticulate, longer than wide, with one strong seta; inner plate slender, smaller than outer plate, with two strong pappose apical setae; outer plate with eight serrate setae. Maxilla 2 (Fig. 6 G) inner plate shorter than outer plate, with two strong papposerrate setae, and several serrate setae; outer plate with simple setae. Maxilliped (Fig. 6 H) inner plates apically rounded, with three cuspidate and pappose setae apically, medially and on outer margin; outer plate as wide as inner plate, apically rounded with apical and medial simple setae; palp longer than outer plate, with four articles, with simple setae; dactylus unguiform, shorter than article 3; distal setae simple, inner margin with setae, distal nail present. Gnathopod 1 (Fig. 6 I) subchelate; dactylus claw-like, distal margin with one plumose seta; propodus length less than two times maximum width, hammer shaped, ventral face with two serrate setae and some small simple and cuspidate setae, dorsal face with simple setae, anterodistal margin with some comb scales and cluster of simple setae, posterodistal margin with strong cuspidate setae with accessory seta, and comb scales; carpus longer than wide, longer and wider than propodus, with strong and wide posterior lobe with pectinate border and row of serrate setae; base, ischium and merus with few simple setae on posterodistal margin. Gnathopod 2 (Fig. 6 J) subchelate; dactylus claw-like, long, longer than half of propodus length; propodus ovate, length about 1.5 maximum width, palm longer than posterior margin, slope oblique, with several cuspidate setae with accessory seta and simple setae, small lobe with comb scales; carpus wider than long with posterior lobe elongated produced between propodus and merus, border pectinate with several pappose setae; base, ischium and merus with simple setae on posterior margin, and posterodistal margin. Pereopods 3 and 5 (Fig. 7 A – C) similar in size; pereopod 4 slightly longer; with propodus, carpus, merus, ischium, and base with several simple and cuspidate setae with accessory seta on posterior and anterior margin; dactylus less than half the length of propodus. Pereopod 6 (Fig. 7 D) longer than others, with pereopod 7 (Fig. 7 E) slightly shorter. Coxal plate of pereopod 4 excavated posteriorly; trapezoidal shaped on pereopod 5, oval shaped on pereopod 6 and reduced on pereopod 7. Pleopods (Fig. 7 F) not modified; peduncle slender, shorter than rami, with two coupling spines distally; rami with several plumose setae on both margins. Uropod 1 (Fig. 8 A) longer than uropod 2; peduncle longer than rami, with one dorsal cuspidate seta with accessory seta; inner ramus with one dorsal cuspidate seta with accessory seta, four cuspidate setae apically; outer ramus with two dorsal cuspidate setae and four cuspidate setae apically. Uropod 2 (Fig. 8 B) peduncle slightly longer than rami, with two dorsal setae; inner ramus longer than outer ramus, with one dorsal cuspidate seta and four cuspidate setae apically; outer ramus two five dorsal cuspidate setae and four distal setae. Uropod 3 (Fig. 8 C) shorter than other uropods; peduncle slightly longer than wide, with three distal cuspidate setae; inner ramus absent; outer ramus uniarticulate, with three simple setae apically. Telson (Fig. 8 D) as long as wide, entire, apically rounded, bearing two cuspidate setae with accessory seta apically, plus three small setae laterally. Coxal gills sac-like, present on gnathopod 2 to pereopod 6. Sternal gills tubular, present on segments 2 to 7. Female (Fig. 8 E – J): body length of 3.3 mm; cephalothorax length of 0.3 mm. Eyes reduced. Antenna 1 flagellum of five articles. Antenna 2 flagellum of seven articles. Gnathopod 1 (Fig. 8 E) similar in size and shape to male gnathopod 1; propodus inner face with three serrate setae, anterodistal and posterodistal with comb scales; carpus posterior lobe with pectinate border and row of serrate setae. Gnathopod 2 (Fig. 8 F) propodus rectangular, more elongated than gnathopod 1, with length about two times width, subchelate; propodus anterodistal and posterodistal margin with simple setae; carpus posterior lobe with pectinate border with row of serrate setae. Uropod 1 and 3 (Fig. 8 G, I) similar to male. Uropod 2 (Fig. 8 H) peduncle slightly longer than rami, with three dorsal setae; inner ramus longer than outer ramus, with two dorsal cuspidate setae and four cuspidate setae apically; outer ramus two dorsal cuspidate setae and four distal setae. Telson (Fig. 8 J) bearing three cuspidate setae with accessory seta apically, plus three small setae laterally.	en	Cardoso, Giovanna Monticelli, Oliveira, Marcus Paulo Alves De, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2025): Widespread yet hidden in darkness: new troglobitic Hyalella species from Brazilian caves (Amphipoda: Hyalellidae). Zootaxa 5692 (3): 519-540, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.5
FD4F87B4FFA07E04D09DFF0EACBFFB82.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The species name, karaja, refers to the indigenous tribe that inhabits the region that bears the same name, Serra de Carajás (Carajás Mountain Range).	en	Cardoso, Giovanna Monticelli, Oliveira, Marcus Paulo Alves De, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2025): Widespread yet hidden in darkness: new troglobitic Hyalella species from Brazilian caves (Amphipoda: Hyalellidae). Zootaxa 5692 (3): 519-540, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.5
FD4F87B4FFA07E04D09DFF0EACBFFB82.taxon	discussion	Morphological remarks: In Hyalella karaja sp. nov. some specimens presented reduced eyes, while in others, eyes were absent, this variation was noticed in the troglobite species H. veredae (Zeppon et al. 2021) and in the epigean species H. montana Rodrigues, Senna, Quadra & Bueno, 2017. This variation in the eyes may reflect the degree and duration of isolation experienced by each population in subterranean environments (Zeppon et al. 2021). Hyalella karaja sp. nov. differs from H. amazonica sp. nov. by the reduced number of articles on the antennae (antenna 1 with 6 and antenna 2 with 8 versus antenna 1 with 14 and antenna 2 with 11 in H. amazonica sp. nov.), and length of the antennae with antenna 1 shorter than antenna 2 versus antenna 1 and antenna 2 with similar length in Hyalella amazonica sp. nov., and the setae on telson, with two cuspidate setae versus two simple and two cuspidate setae on in Hyalella amazonica sp. nov. Hyalella spelaea also presents reduced eyes, however, it differs from Hyalella karaja sp. nov. by the number of articles on antennae, H. spelaea presenting antenna 1 with 9 articles and antenna 2 with 16, the type of setae on telson (simple on H. spelaea, and cuspidate on Hyalella karaja sp. nov.).	en	Cardoso, Giovanna Monticelli, Oliveira, Marcus Paulo Alves De, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2025): Widespread yet hidden in darkness: new troglobitic Hyalella species from Brazilian caves (Amphipoda: Hyalellidae). Zootaxa 5692 (3): 519-540, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.5
FD4F87B4FFAD7E02D09DFB1FAEC1F86A.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 77809 C 1 D-AC 5 C- 4 D 38 - A 3 AC-B 2605 BFC 3 EDF Figures 1, 2 E, F, 9 – 11, 15 D	en	Cardoso, Giovanna Monticelli, Oliveira, Marcus Paulo Alves De, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2025): Widespread yet hidden in darkness: new troglobitic Hyalella species from Brazilian caves (Amphipoda: Hyalellidae). Zootaxa 5692 (3): 519-540, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.5
FD4F87B4FFAD7E02D09DFB1FAEC1F86A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Brazil, Minas Gerais state, Brumadinho municipality, MJ _ 0005 cave (- 20.0949 º- 44.0772 º): Holotype ♂ (ISLA 97004), V. 2024, leg. R. Zampaulo. Paratypes: 9 ♂, 14 ♀ (ISLA 97005, in slide), same data as holotype.	en	Cardoso, Giovanna Monticelli, Oliveira, Marcus Paulo Alves De, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2025): Widespread yet hidden in darkness: new troglobitic Hyalella species from Brazilian caves (Amphipoda: Hyalellidae). Zootaxa 5692 (3): 519-540, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.5
FD4F87B4FFAD7E02D09DFB1FAEC1F86A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Male with absent eyes,; antenna 1 shorter than antenna 2; flagellum of 11 articles; antenna 2 less than half body length, flagellum with 16 articles; gnathopod 1 ventral face with seven serrate setae; gnathopod 2 palm shorter than posterior margin of propodus, slope oblique; inner ramus of uropod 1 with one curved seta; telson with two cuspidate setae with accessory seta and three plumose setae laterally. Females with eyes present, reduced; antenna 1 shorter than antenna 2; flagellum of 7 articles; antenna 2 with flagellum with 11 articles; inner ramus of uropod 1 without curved seta.	en	Cardoso, Giovanna Monticelli, Oliveira, Marcus Paulo Alves De, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2025): Widespread yet hidden in darkness: new troglobitic Hyalella species from Brazilian caves (Amphipoda: Hyalellidae). Zootaxa 5692 (3): 519-540, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.5
FD4F87B4FFAD7E02D09DFB1FAEC1F86A.taxon	description	Description Male: Body length 4.6 mm; cephalothorax length 0.36 mm. Body surface smooth. Epimeral plates not acuminate. Cephalothorax slightly longer than first thoracic segment, rostrum absent. Eyes reduced (Fig. 15 D). Antenna 1 (Fig. 9 A) shorter than antenna 2; flagellum of 11 articles, longer than peduncle. Antenna 2 (Fig. 9 B) less than half body length, peduncle longer than cephalothorax, flagellum with 16 articles, longer than peduncle. Mandible (Fig. 9 C, D) incisor with five to six teeth; lacinia mobilis denticulate; left mandible setal row with three long and robust pappose setae; right mandible with two main pappose setae; molar large, cylindrical, and triturative; accessory seta present. Upper-lip (Fig. 9 E) margin rounded, and distal margin covered by setules. Lower-lip (Fig. 9 F) bilobed, outer lobes rounded with setules on ventral and dorsal faces, outer margin smooth. Maxilla 1 (Fig. 9 G) palp short, uniarticulate, longer than wide, with one strong seta; inner plate slender, smaller than outer plate, with two strong pappose apical setae and several simple setae on inner and outer margin; outer plate with ten serrate setae. Maxilla 2 (Fig. 9 H) inner plate shorter than outer plate, with two strong papposerrate setae, medial margin with several simple and serrate setae on anterior margin. Maxilliped (Fig. 9 I) inner plates apically rounded, with three cuspidate and pappose setae apically, medially and on outer margin; outer plate slender than inner plate, tapering apex with simple setae; palp longer than outer plate, with four articles, with simple setae; dactylus unguiform, shorter than article 3; distal nail present. Gnathopod 1 (Fig. 9 J) subchelate; dactylus claw-like, with one plumose seta; propodus length less than two times maximum width, hammer shaped, ventral face with seven serrate setae, anterodistal margin cluster of simple setae, posterodistal margin with two strong cuspidate setae with accessory seta, and comb scales; carpus longer than wide, longer than propodus, posterior lobe with pectinate border with several serrate setae; base, ischium and merus with simple setae on posterodistal margin. Gnathopod 2 (Fig. 9 K) subchelate; dactylus claw-like, short, reaching 1 / 3 of propodus length; propodus ovate, length about 1.6 maximum width; palm shorter than posterior margin of propodus, slope oblique, with several cuspidate setae with accessory seta and simple setae; carpus wider than long with posterior lobe elongated produced between propodus and merus, border pectinate with several pappose setae. Pereopods 3 – 5 (Fig. 10 A – C) progressively shorter, propodus, carpus, merus, ischium, and base with several simple and cuspidate setae with accessory seta on posterior and anterior margin, dactylus less than half the length of propodus. Pereopod 6 (Fig. 10 D) longest, pereopod 7 (Fig. 10 E) slightly shorter than pereopod 6. Coxal plate of pereopods longer than wide, excavated posteriorly on pereopod 4; round on pereopod 5, trapezoidal on pereopod 6, and reduced on pereopod 7. Pleopods (Fig. 10 F) not modified; peduncle slender, shorter than rami, with two coupling spines distally; rami with several plumose setae on both margins. Uropod 1 (Fig. 10 G) longer than uropod 2; peduncle longer than rami, with four dorsal cuspidate setae with accessory seta; inner ramus with two dorsal cuspidate setae with accessory seta, one curved seta followed by five cuspidate setae apically; outer ramus with two dorsal cuspidate setae with an accessory seta and four cuspidate setae apically. Uropod 2 (Fig. 10 H) peduncle as long as rami, with four dorsal setae; rami subequal in length; inner ramus with two dorsal cuspidate setae with accessory seta and five cuspidate setae apically, outer ramus with two dorsal cuspidate setae with accessory seta and five distal setae. Uropod 3 (Fig. 10 I) shorter than other uropods; peduncle slightly longer than wide, with two cuspidate setae with accessory seta; inner ramus absent; outer ramus uniarticulate, sub-equal to peduncle, with three cuspidate setae apically. Telson (Fig. 10 J) as long as wide, entire, apically rounded, bearing two cuspidate setae with accessory seta and three plumose setae laterally. Coxal gills sac-like, present on gnathopod 2 to pereopod 6. Sternal gills tubular, present on segments 2 to 7. Female (Fig. 11): Body length of 2.7 mm; cephalothorax length of 0.2 mm. Antenna 1 flagellum of 7 articles. Antenna 2 flagellum of 11 articles. Gnathopod 1 (Fig. 11 A) similar in size and shape to male gnathopod 1; propodus inner face with four serrate setae; carpus posterior lobe with pectinate border with several serrate setae. Gnathopod 2 (Fig. 11 B) propodus rectangular, slightly longer than gnathopod 1, length about than two times maximum width, subchelate; propodus inner face with four serrate setae; carpus posterior lobe with pectinate border with of several serrate setae. Uropod 1 (Fig. 11 C) longer than uropod 2; peduncle longer than rami, with four dorsal cuspidate setae with accessory seta; inner ramus with one dorsal cuspidate seta, apex with four cuspidate setae without curved seta; outer ramus one dorsal cuspidate seta and three cuspidate setae apically. Uropod 2 (Fig. 11 D) peduncle as long as rami, with three dorsal setae; inner ramus longer than outer ramus, with one dorsal cuspidate seta and five cuspidate setae apically, outer ramus with one dorsal cuspidate seta and three distal setae. Uropod 3 (Fig. 11 E) and telson (Fig. 11 F) similar to male.	en	Cardoso, Giovanna Monticelli, Oliveira, Marcus Paulo Alves De, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2025): Widespread yet hidden in darkness: new troglobitic Hyalella species from Brazilian caves (Amphipoda: Hyalellidae). Zootaxa 5692 (3): 519-540, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.5
FD4F87B4FFAD7E02D09DFB1FAEC1F86A.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The epithet nebula refers to the mist commonly associated with mountains of the region, which also inspired the city’s name.	en	Cardoso, Giovanna Monticelli, Oliveira, Marcus Paulo Alves De, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2025): Widespread yet hidden in darkness: new troglobitic Hyalella species from Brazilian caves (Amphipoda: Hyalellidae). Zootaxa 5692 (3): 519-540, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.5
FD4F87B4FFAD7E02D09DFB1FAEC1F86A.taxon	discussion	Morphological remarks: Hyalella nebula sp. nov. resembles H. troglofugia, that occurs in the nearby municipality of Nova Lima, in Minas Gerais state. Both species present 2 cuspidate setae on telson. However, Hyalella nebula sp. nov. differs from H. troglofugia, by the presence of reduced eyes, that are absent in H. troglofugia; and the number of articles on antennae, 11 on antenna 1 and 16 on antenna 2; while the number of articles on H. troglofugia are 9 – 11 and 9 – 12 respectively; the number of setae in gnathopod 1 propodus, 7 in Hyalella nebula sp. nov. and 4 in H. troglofugia; and the shape of gnathopod 2 propodus, slender in Hyalella nebula sp. nov. (1.5 times longer than wide), and the presence of the curved seta on uropod 1, absent in H. troglofugia (Bastos-Pereira et al. 2018). The presence of the curved setae is seen in other species in the region, such as the epigean species of H. carstica Bastos-Pereira & Bueno, 2012, recorded in the municipality of Arcos (MG), and H. xakriaba Bueno & Araujo, 2013, recorded in the municipality of Itacarambi (MG); and in other stygobite species, H. veredae; H. formosa, H. imbya and H. epikarstica.	en	Cardoso, Giovanna Monticelli, Oliveira, Marcus Paulo Alves De, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2025): Widespread yet hidden in darkness: new troglobitic Hyalella species from Brazilian caves (Amphipoda: Hyalellidae). Zootaxa 5692 (3): 519-540, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.5
FD4F87B4FFA97E1CD09DFB38ABE2FC8E.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: D 44119 C 3 - 3 E 36 - 4 A 52 - A 22 E- 1 FF 3047 B 8 A 07 Figures 1, 12 – 14, 15 E	en	Cardoso, Giovanna Monticelli, Oliveira, Marcus Paulo Alves De, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2025): Widespread yet hidden in darkness: new troglobitic Hyalella species from Brazilian caves (Amphipoda: Hyalellidae). Zootaxa 5692 (3): 519-540, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.5
FD4F87B4FFA97E1CD09DFB38ABE2FC8E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul state, Santa Tereza municipality, Nossa Senhora da Uva cave (- 29,1696 º - 51,6917 º): Holotype ♂ (ISLA 97013), 21. XI. 2024, leg. Grupo Salamanca. Paratypes: 1 ♀ (ISLA 97014), same data as holotype; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (ISLA 970135, in slides), same data as holotype, XI. 2023.	en	Cardoso, Giovanna Monticelli, Oliveira, Marcus Paulo Alves De, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2025): Widespread yet hidden in darkness: new troglobitic Hyalella species from Brazilian caves (Amphipoda: Hyalellidae). Zootaxa 5692 (3): 519-540, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.5
FD4F87B4FFA97E1CD09DFB38ABE2FC8E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Eyes absent; antenna 1 longer than antenna 2; flagellum of 15 – 16 articles. Antenna 2 flagellum with 9 - ¿ 10 articles as long as peduncle. Male gnathopod 1 propodus ventral face with five serrate setae; carpus longer than wide, shorter than propodus; base with long setae on posterior margin; uropod 1 inner ramus dorsally glabrous, with five cuspidate apically; outer ramus setose with eight dorsal cuspidate setae with accessory seta and five cuspidate setae apically; telson apex with two long simple setae.	en	Cardoso, Giovanna Monticelli, Oliveira, Marcus Paulo Alves De, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2025): Widespread yet hidden in darkness: new troglobitic Hyalella species from Brazilian caves (Amphipoda: Hyalellidae). Zootaxa 5692 (3): 519-540, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.5
FD4F87B4FFA97E1CD09DFB38ABE2FC8E.taxon	description	Description Male: Body length of 3 mm; cephalothorax length of 0.3 mm. Body surface smooth. Epimeral plates not acuminate. Cephalothorax slightly longer than first thoracic segment, rostrum absent. Eyes absent (Fig. 15 E). Antenna 1 (Fig. 12 A) longer than antenna 2; flagellum of 15 – 16 articles, longer than peduncle. Antenna 2 (Fig. 12 B) less than half body length, peduncle longer than cephalothorax, flagellum with 10 articles as long as peduncle. Mandible (Fig. 12 C, D) incisor with six teeth; left mandible lacinia mobilis with bifid apex, denticulated, setal row with three long pappose setae; right mandible lacinia mobilis with five teeth; and three pappose setae; molar large, cylindrical, and triturative; accessory seta present. Upper-lip (Fig. 12 E) margin rounded, and distal margin covered by setules on ventral and dorsal faces. Lower-lip (Fig. 12 F) bilobed, outer lobes rounded with setules on ventral and dorsal faces, outer margin smooth. Maxilla 1 (Fig. 12 H) palp short, uniarticulate, longer than wide, with one strong seta; inner plate slender, smaller than outer plate, with two strong pappose apical setae and several simple setae on inner and outer margin; outer plate with one plumose seta and seven serrate setae. Maxilla 2 (Fig. 12 G) inner plate shorter than outer plate, with two strong papposerrate setae, medial margin with several simple and serrate setae on anterior margin. Maxilliped (Fig. 12 I) inner plates apically rounded, with three cuspidate and pappose setae apically, medially and outer margin; outer plate as wide as inner plate, apically rounded with apical and medial simple setae; palp longer than outer plate, with four articles, with simple setae; dactylus unguiform, shorter than article 3, without comb scales; distal setae simple and shorter than nail, inner margin with setae, distal nail present. Gnathopod 1 (Fig. 12 J) subchelate; dactylus claw-like, with comb scales and one plumose seta on distal margin; propodus length less than two times maximum width, hammer shaped, ventral face with five short setae, several small simple setae on margin, anterodistal margin with cluster of simple setae, posterodistal margin with two strong cuspidate setae with accessory seta, and comb scales, palm longer than posterior margin; carpus longer than wide, shorter than propodus, posterior lobe with pectinate border with several serrate setae; ischium and merus with simple setae on posterodistal margin, base with long setae on posterior margin. Gnathopod 2 (Fig. 12 K) subchelate; dactylus claw-like, long, surpassing haft propodus length, without comb scales; propodus ovate, length about 1.5 maximum width, posterodistal margin with two strong and short cuspidate setae with accessory seta, palm slope oblique, longer than posterior margin, with several cuspidate setae with accessory seta and simple setae; carpus wider than long with posterior lobe elongated, border pectinate with several pappose setae; base, ischium and merus with simple setae on posterior margin. Pereopods 3 and 4 (Fig. 13 A, B) similar in size and shape, with propodus, carpus, merus, ischium, and base with several simple and cuspidate setae with accessory seta on posterior and anterior margin, dactylus less than half the length of propodus, coxal plate rectangular, with coxal plate 4 excavated posteriorly; both with small simple seta on margin. Pereopod 5 (Fig. 13 C) slightly shorter than pereopods 3 and 4, coxal plate trapezoidal. Pereopods 6 and 7 (Fig. 13 D, E) longer than others, coxal plate progressively reduced, dactylus less than half the length of propodus. Pleopods not modified; peduncle slender, shorter than rami, with two coupling spines distally; rami with several plumose setae on both margins. Uropod 1 (Fig. 13 F) longer than uropod 2; peduncle longer than rami, with six dorsal cuspidate setae with accessory seta; rami similar in length; inner ramus with five cuspidate apically, dorsally glabrous; outer ramus with eight dorsal cuspidate setae with an accessory seta and five cuspidate setae apically. Uropod 2 (Fig. 13 G) peduncle as long as rami, with five dorsal setae; rami subequal in length; inner ramus with one dorsal cuspidate seta with accessory seta and six cuspidate setae apically; outer ramus with four dorsal cuspidate setae with accessory seta and five distal setae. Uropod 3 (Fig. 13 H) shorter than other uropods; peduncle slender, wider than ramus, peduncle slightly longer than wide, with one distal cuspidate seta with accessory seta; outer ramus uniarticulate, with three cuspidate setae and one long simple seta apically. Telson (Fig. 13 I) as long as wide, entire, apically rounded, bearing two long setae on distal margin. Coxal gills sac-like, present on gnathopod 2 to pereopod 6. Sternal gills tubular, present on segments 2 to 7. Female (Fig. 14). Body length of 4.6 mm; cephalothorax length of 0.4 mm. Antenna 1 (Fig. 14 A) flagellum of 15 articles. Antenna 2 (Fig. 14 B) flagellum of 10 articles. Gnathopod 1 (Fig. 14 C) similar in size and shape to gnathopod 1 for male; propodus inner face with eight serrate setae, anterodistal and posterodistal with comb scales; carpus with a large posterior lobe with pectinate border with a row of several serrate setae and without comb scales, inner face with six serrate setae; base, ischium and merus with posterior margin without comb scales. Gnathopod 2 (Fig. 14 D) propodus rectangular, more elongated than gnathopod 1, with length about than two times maximum width, subchelate, palm transverse; propodus inner face with four serrate setae, anterodistal and posterodistal margin with comb scales; carpus with a large posterior lobe with pectinate border with a row of several serrate setae and without comb scales, inner face with four serrate setae; base, ischium and merus with posterior margin without comb scales. Uropod 1 (Fig. 14 E) longer than uropod 2; peduncle longer than rami, with seven dorsal cuspidate setae; rami similar in length; inner ramus with five cuspidate apically and dorsally glabrous; outer ramus with eight dorsal cuspidate setae with an accessory seta and five cuspidate setae apically. Uropod 2 (Fig. 14 F) peduncle as long as rami, with four dorsal setae; rami subequal in length; inner ramus with one dorsal cuspidate seta with accessory seta and five cuspidate setae apically; outer ramus with six dorsal cuspidate setae with accessory seta and four distal setae. Uropod 3 (Fig. 14 G) and telson (Fig. 14 H) similar to males.	en	Cardoso, Giovanna Monticelli, Oliveira, Marcus Paulo Alves De, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2025): Widespread yet hidden in darkness: new troglobitic Hyalella species from Brazilian caves (Amphipoda: Hyalellidae). Zootaxa 5692 (3): 519-540, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.5
FD4F87B4FFA97E1CD09DFB38ABE2FC8E.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The epithet uva refers to the locality (Nossa Senhora da Uva cave) where all known specimens were collected. The cave is a touristic site with a sanctuary to the Virgin Mary.	en	Cardoso, Giovanna Monticelli, Oliveira, Marcus Paulo Alves De, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2025): Widespread yet hidden in darkness: new troglobitic Hyalella species from Brazilian caves (Amphipoda: Hyalellidae). Zootaxa 5692 (3): 519-540, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.5
FD4F87B4FFA97E1CD09DFB38ABE2FC8E.taxon	discussion	Morphological remarks: Among the troglomorphic species Hyalella uva sp. nov. resembles H. formosa, H. imbya and H. epikarstica by the elongation of the antenna 1 in relation to antenna 2, with a greater number of articles (11 – 13 on antenna 1 and 8 – 10 in antenna 2; 18 – 23 on antenna 1 and 14 – 16 in antenna 2; 9 on antenna 1 and 7 in antenna 2, respectively), however, in these three species the male presents the curved setae on uropod 1, not seen in Hyalella uva sp. nov.; and in the number of setae on the ventral face of gnathopod 1 propodus with 3, versus 5, 7, and 4, respectively (Rodrigues & Bueno, 2012; Cardoso et al. 2014; Rodrigues et al. 2014).	en	Cardoso, Giovanna Monticelli, Oliveira, Marcus Paulo Alves De, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2025): Widespread yet hidden in darkness: new troglobitic Hyalella species from Brazilian caves (Amphipoda: Hyalellidae). Zootaxa 5692 (3): 519-540, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.5
