taxonID	type	description	language	source
FF6787B0FFC71065A0DFF9FDC44BF854.taxon	description	(Fig. 3) Mycobank: MB 852604.	en	Ivanova, Daria, Morozova, Olga, Pham, Thi Ha Giang (2024): Coniolepiota alexandri (Agaricaceae, Basidiomycota), a new species in the formerly monotypic genus and a new record of C. spongodes, from Vietnam. Phytotaxa 672 (3): 267-276, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.672.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.672.3.4
FF6787B0FFC71065A0DFF9FDC44BF854.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — VIETNAM, Dong Nai Province, Tan Phu District, Cat Tien Map National Park, “ Lagerstroemia trail ”, on termite mound, N 11.426667 °, E 107.426389 °, 3 June 2010, coll. O. V. Morozova, 1 VN 10 (holotype: LE F- 349990).	en	Ivanova, Daria, Morozova, Olga, Pham, Thi Ha Giang (2024): Coniolepiota alexandri (Agaricaceae, Basidiomycota), a new species in the formerly monotypic genus and a new record of C. spongodes, from Vietnam. Phytotaxa 672 (3): 267-276, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.672.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.672.3.4
FF6787B0FFC71065A0DFF9FDC44BF854.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — named in honor of famous Russian mycologist, Alexander Kovalenko.	en	Ivanova, Daria, Morozova, Olga, Pham, Thi Ha Giang (2024): Coniolepiota alexandri (Agaricaceae, Basidiomycota), a new species in the formerly monotypic genus and a new record of C. spongodes, from Vietnam. Phytotaxa 672 (3): 267-276, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.672.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.672.3.4
FF6787B0FFC71065A0DFF9FDC44BF854.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — differs from Coniolepiota spongodes by its white overall basidiomata, bigger basidiospores, more irregular fusiform subutriform cheilocystidia, and the absence of powdery warts covering pileus.	en	Ivanova, Daria, Morozova, Olga, Pham, Thi Ha Giang (2024): Coniolepiota alexandri (Agaricaceae, Basidiomycota), a new species in the formerly monotypic genus and a new record of C. spongodes, from Vietnam. Phytotaxa 672 (3): 267-276, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.672.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.672.3.4
FF6787B0FFC71065A0DFF9FDC44BF854.taxon	description	Description: — Basidiomata medium sized, white overall both when fresh and dried. Pileus 30 – 40 mm in diameter, white, hemispherical when young, soon expanding to wide conical, covered densely with flocculose squamules, the squamules are thicker towards the center, exceeding lamellae, the tops of some squamules have a light lilac tinge (15 D 3 – 4, 15 C 3). Lamellae free, crowded, slightly ventricose, remote from the stipe, 1 mm broad, white. Stipe 40 – 50 × 5 – 7 mm, cylindrical, smooth, concolorous with the pileus, powdery warts on stipe. Annulus membranous, with flocculose scales, detached to pileus when young, white. Basidiospores (6.1 –) 6.3 – 8.5 (8.9) × (3.8 –) 4 – 5 μm, Q = 1.4 – 1.9, Qm = 1.66 ± 0.1, (n = 21), ellipsoid, oblong, thickwalled, germination pore absent. Basidia (17.2 –) 18.8 – 20.8 (– 23.3) × (6.8 –) 7.9 – 7.7 (– 9) μm, clavate, hyaline, 4 - spored. Cheilocystidia (24.1 –) 24.4 – 28.7 (– 31) × (4.4 –) 5 – 6.6 μm, irregularly fusiform with more or less distinguished necks, some are clavate, subutriform, thin-walled, hyaline. Pleurocystidia absent. Pileus covering composed of T-shaped and irregularly branching elements, individual cylindrical cells 20 (40) – 31 (53) × 4 – 10 μm, with refractive connecting points at septae and ending points of the pileal elements.	en	Ivanova, Daria, Morozova, Olga, Pham, Thi Ha Giang (2024): Coniolepiota alexandri (Agaricaceae, Basidiomycota), a new species in the formerly monotypic genus and a new record of C. spongodes, from Vietnam. Phytotaxa 672 (3): 267-276, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.672.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.672.3.4
FF6787B0FFC71065A0DFF9FDC44BF854.taxon	distribution	Habitat and distribution: — Solitary, on soil, in rain tropical forest with Tetrameles nudiflora, Lagerstroemia sp., Afzelia xylocarpa. The type specimen was found on termite mound. Known only in southern Vietnam.	en	Ivanova, Daria, Morozova, Olga, Pham, Thi Ha Giang (2024): Coniolepiota alexandri (Agaricaceae, Basidiomycota), a new species in the formerly monotypic genus and a new record of C. spongodes, from Vietnam. Phytotaxa 672 (3): 267-276, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.672.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.672.3.4
FF6787B0FFC71065A0DFF9FDC44BF854.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens examined: VIETNAM, Dong Nai Province, Tan Phu District, Cat Tien Map National Park, Botanical Garden, rain tropical forest with Tetrameles nudiflora, Lagerstroemia sp., and Afzelia xylocarpa, on soil, 15 June 2010, coll. A. E. Kovalenko LE F- 349989 (10 - 06 - 175).	en	Ivanova, Daria, Morozova, Olga, Pham, Thi Ha Giang (2024): Coniolepiota alexandri (Agaricaceae, Basidiomycota), a new species in the formerly monotypic genus and a new record of C. spongodes, from Vietnam. Phytotaxa 672 (3): 267-276, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.672.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.672.3.4
FF6787B0FFC71065A0DFF9FDC44BF854.taxon	discussion	Notes: — Coniolepiota alexandri is characterized by the following features: medium-sized white basidiomata with flocculose squamules on pileus with tops of lilac color, overhanging the margin, powdery warts on stipe, ellipsoid spores, irregularly fusiform and subutriform cheilocystidia. This is the second species in Coniolepiota genus, and it has some features in common with the type species: convex or somewhat conical pileus, surface of which is densely covered by floccose squamules, lamellae free and remote from the stipe, oblong ellipsoid spores (Berkeley & Broome 1871, Pegler 1972), irregularly branching pileal elements and with refractive connecting points in septae (Vellinga et al. 2011, Hosen et al. 2013). However, C. alexandri forms white overall basidiomata, possesses bigger basidiospores and more irregular fusiform subutriform cheilocystidia, and lacks powdery warts covering pileus (Vellinga et al. 2011, Hosen et al. 2013). Some squamules on pileus have barely noticeable lilac parts, and this color is the same as the C. spongodes. Also, basidiomata of the new species tend to be preserved better than those of C. spongodes.	en	Ivanova, Daria, Morozova, Olga, Pham, Thi Ha Giang (2024): Coniolepiota alexandri (Agaricaceae, Basidiomycota), a new species in the formerly monotypic genus and a new record of C. spongodes, from Vietnam. Phytotaxa 672 (3): 267-276, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.672.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.672.3.4
FF6787B0FFC51067A0DFFF77C279FD29.taxon	description	(Fig. 4) Mycobank: MB 518494 Description: — Basidiomata medium sized, white, covered with lilac floccose squamules and powdery warts. Pileus 40 – 60 mm in diameter, white, wide conical when mature, covered with lilac (15 D 3 – 4, 15 C 3) flocculose squamules and powdery warts, the squamules and warts are thicker towards the center, exceeding lamellae. Lamellae free, crowded, slightly ventricose, remote from the stipe, 1 – 2 mm broad, white, with 2 – 3 series of lamelulae. Stipe 40 – 60 × 5 – 7 mm, cylindrical, smooth, concolorous with the pileus, powdery warts on stipe. Annulus not observed. Basidiospores (4.9 –) 5.1 – 6 (6.6) × 3 – 4.4 μm, Q = 1.3 – 1.7 (– 1.9), Qm = 1.54 ± 0.1, (n = 21), ellipsoid, oblong, thickwalled, germination pore absent. Basidia 17.2 – 20.8 × 6.8 – 7.8 μm, clavate, hyaline, 4 - spored. Cheilocystidia 18.2 – 31.6 × 3.9 – 6.9 μm, clavate and narrowly-clavate, some are cylindrical, hyaline. Pleurocystidia absent. Pileus covering composed of T-shaped and irregularly branching elements, individual cylindrical cells 20 (40) – 31 (53) × 4 – 10 μm, with refractive connecting points at septae and ending points of the pileal elements.	en	Ivanova, Daria, Morozova, Olga, Pham, Thi Ha Giang (2024): Coniolepiota alexandri (Agaricaceae, Basidiomycota), a new species in the formerly monotypic genus and a new record of C. spongodes, from Vietnam. Phytotaxa 672 (3): 267-276, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.672.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.672.3.4
FF6787B0FFC51067A0DFFF77C279FD29.taxon	distribution	Habitat and distribution: — Solitary, on soil, tropical semi-evergreen monsoon forest with participation of lagerstroemia, in southern Vietnam. Known also from Bangladesh, China, Malaysia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, and Thailand.	en	Ivanova, Daria, Morozova, Olga, Pham, Thi Ha Giang (2024): Coniolepiota alexandri (Agaricaceae, Basidiomycota), a new species in the formerly monotypic genus and a new record of C. spongodes, from Vietnam. Phytotaxa 672 (3): 267-276, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.672.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.672.3.4
FF6787B0FFC51067A0DFFF77C279FD29.taxon	materials_examined	Collection examined: VIETNAM, Binh Phuoc, Bu Gia Map District, Bu Gia Map National Park, environs of Ranger Station 2, the left side of Dak Ca River, tropical semi-evergreen monsoon forest with Lagerstroemia, on soil, 12 ° 11 ’ 55.3 ” N 107 ° 12 ’ 57.4 ” E elevation 447 m, 26 November 2017, coll. Popov E. S. LE F- 304875 (ESP- 001678); in tropical evergreen mixed forests with the participation of palms, on soil, N 12.19124 ° E 107.20589 °, elevation 608 m, 26 November 2018, coll. Morozova O. V. LE F- 349988 (20 VN 18).	en	Ivanova, Daria, Morozova, Olga, Pham, Thi Ha Giang (2024): Coniolepiota alexandri (Agaricaceae, Basidiomycota), a new species in the formerly monotypic genus and a new record of C. spongodes, from Vietnam. Phytotaxa 672 (3): 267-276, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.672.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.672.3.4
FF6787B0FFC51067A0DFFF77C279FD29.taxon	discussion	Notes: — Coniolepiota spongodes possesses conspicuous lilac basidiomata of medium size with flocculose squamules and somewhat powdery warts on the pileus. Our morphological observations were consistent with previous descriptions of this species (Pegler 1972, Vellinga et al. 2011, Hosen & Yang 2013); however, according to Pegler, basidia are shorter (9 – 13 × 5.5 – 6.5). It is also confirmed in the current study that cheilocystidia are hard to find, and if they are observed, the damage is noticeable. The data on cheilocystidia here is obtained from LE F- 349988 (20 VN 18) specimen; the structures of basidia and cheilocystidia are not observed in LE F- 304875 (ESP- 001678) due to lamellae being in a collapsed state. Comparative characteristics between C. spongodes and C. alexandri are given in the Notes section above. A specimen from Thailand (ECV 3613), designated as “ C. aff. spongodes ” differs from the C. spongodes in having cylindrical cheilocystidia and more pink-reddish tinges of basidiomata (Vellinga et al. 2011). It was also stated that the differences in color could be due to more open habitats; the same assumption was given after comparison with specimens from Bangladesh and China in terms of morphology (Vellinga et al. 2011, Hosen et al. 2013). Phylogenetic analysis also supported those collections of both studies belonging to a single species (Hosen et al. 2013). We also assume that all of these specimens with lilac basidiomata belong to C. spongodes, both morphologically and phylogenetically. Moreover, collection from Vietnam (LE F- 349988) possesses both cylindrical and clavate cheilocystidia, thus encompassing features of ECV 3613 and those identified as C. spongodes.	en	Ivanova, Daria, Morozova, Olga, Pham, Thi Ha Giang (2024): Coniolepiota alexandri (Agaricaceae, Basidiomycota), a new species in the formerly monotypic genus and a new record of C. spongodes, from Vietnam. Phytotaxa 672 (3): 267-276, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.672.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.672.3.4
