taxonID	type	description	language	source
F86D3034FFF12035FEE63E5BFA88FBB5.taxon	description	? 130 7.9 0.061	en	Shimada, Kenshu, Motani, Ryosuke, Wood, Jake J., Sternes, Phillip C., Tomita, Taketeru, Bazzi, Mohamad, Collareta, Alberto, Gayford, Joel H., Türtscher, Julia, Jambura, Patrick L., Kriwet, Jürgen, Vullo, Romain, Long, Douglas J., Summers, Adam P., Maisey, John G., Underwood, Charlie (2025): Reassessment of the possible size, form, weight, cruising speed, and growth parameters of the extinct megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae), and new evolutionary insights into its gigantism, life history strategies, ecology, and extinction. Palaeontologia Electronica (a 12) 28 (1): 1-53, DOI: 10.26879/1502, URL: https://doi.org/10.26879/1502
F86D3034FFF12035FEE63F5CFA88FABA.taxon	description	? 29 5.8 0.200	en	Shimada, Kenshu, Motani, Ryosuke, Wood, Jake J., Sternes, Phillip C., Tomita, Taketeru, Bazzi, Mohamad, Collareta, Alberto, Gayford, Joel H., Türtscher, Julia, Jambura, Patrick L., Kriwet, Jürgen, Vullo, Romain, Long, Douglas J., Summers, Adam P., Maisey, John G., Underwood, Charlie (2025): Reassessment of the possible size, form, weight, cruising speed, and growth parameters of the extinct megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae), and new evolutionary insights into its gigantism, life history strategies, ecology, and extinction. Palaeontologia Electronica (a 12) 28 (1): 1-53, DOI: 10.26879/1502, URL: https://doi.org/10.26879/1502
F86D3034FFF12035FEE6381BFA88FD40.taxon	description	Echinorhinus cookei LACM 33827.031 F 89 11.7 0.130 M 66 9.0 0.136	en	Shimada, Kenshu, Motani, Ryosuke, Wood, Jake J., Sternes, Phillip C., Tomita, Taketeru, Bazzi, Mohamad, Collareta, Alberto, Gayford, Joel H., Türtscher, Julia, Jambura, Patrick L., Kriwet, Jürgen, Vullo, Romain, Long, Douglas J., Summers, Adam P., Maisey, John G., Underwood, Charlie (2025): Reassessment of the possible size, form, weight, cruising speed, and growth parameters of the extinct megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae), and new evolutionary insights into its gigantism, life history strategies, ecology, and extinction. Palaeontologia Electronica (a 12) 28 (1): 1-53, DOI: 10.26879/1502, URL: https://doi.org/10.26879/1502
F86D3034FFF12032FEE63D4BFA88FE98.taxon	description	Eucrossorhinus dasypogon BMNH 1867 Orectolobus ornatus Goto, 2001, 9 B, C M 15 2.8 0.187 F 26 3.0 0.115	en	Shimada, Kenshu, Motani, Ryosuke, Wood, Jake J., Sternes, Phillip C., Tomita, Taketeru, Bazzi, Mohamad, Collareta, Alberto, Gayford, Joel H., Türtscher, Julia, Jambura, Patrick L., Kriwet, Jürgen, Vullo, Romain, Long, Douglas J., Summers, Adam P., Maisey, John G., Underwood, Charlie (2025): Reassessment of the possible size, form, weight, cruising speed, and growth parameters of the extinct megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae), and new evolutionary insights into its gigantism, life history strategies, ecology, and extinction. Palaeontologia Electronica (a 12) 28 (1): 1-53, DOI: 10.26879/1502, URL: https://doi.org/10.26879/1502
F86D3034FFF62032FEE63FDEFD08F918.taxon	description	Alopias superciliosus 2 UF 178509 Alopias superciliosus * - Alopias vulpinus 1 SIO 64 - 804 Alopias vulpinus 2 SIO 78 - 138 Alopias vulpinus * -	en	Shimada, Kenshu, Motani, Ryosuke, Wood, Jake J., Sternes, Phillip C., Tomita, Taketeru, Bazzi, Mohamad, Collareta, Alberto, Gayford, Joel H., Türtscher, Julia, Jambura, Patrick L., Kriwet, Jürgen, Vullo, Romain, Long, Douglas J., Summers, Adam P., Maisey, John G., Underwood, Charlie (2025): Reassessment of the possible size, form, weight, cruising speed, and growth parameters of the extinct megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae), and new evolutionary insights into its gigantism, life history strategies, ecology, and extinction. Palaeontologia Electronica (a 12) 28 (1): 1-53, DOI: 10.26879/1502, URL: https://doi.org/10.26879/1502
F86D3034FFF62032FEE638A4FD08FC2D.taxon	description	Carcharias taurus * - Odontaspis ferox 1 BPBM 9334 Odontaspis ferox 2 BPBM 9335 Odontaspis ferox * -	en	Shimada, Kenshu, Motani, Ryosuke, Wood, Jake J., Sternes, Phillip C., Tomita, Taketeru, Bazzi, Mohamad, Collareta, Alberto, Gayford, Joel H., Türtscher, Julia, Jambura, Patrick L., Kriwet, Jürgen, Vullo, Romain, Long, Douglas J., Summers, Adam P., Maisey, John G., Underwood, Charlie (2025): Reassessment of the possible size, form, weight, cruising speed, and growth parameters of the extinct megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae), and new evolutionary insights into its gigantism, life history strategies, ecology, and extinction. Palaeontologia Electronica (a 12) 28 (1): 1-53, DOI: 10.26879/1502, URL: https://doi.org/10.26879/1502
F86D3034FFF62032FEE63CB4FA88F888.taxon	description	F 169 10.0 0.059 M 187 13.0 0.070 M 201 14.5 0.072 - - - 0.071 * M 145 8.5 0.059 M 131 7.0 0.053 - - - 0.056 * M 126 16.5 0.131 F 209 21.5 0.103? 260 34.0 0.131	en	Shimada, Kenshu, Motani, Ryosuke, Wood, Jake J., Sternes, Phillip C., Tomita, Taketeru, Bazzi, Mohamad, Collareta, Alberto, Gayford, Joel H., Türtscher, Julia, Jambura, Patrick L., Kriwet, Jürgen, Vullo, Romain, Long, Douglas J., Summers, Adam P., Maisey, John G., Underwood, Charlie (2025): Reassessment of the possible size, form, weight, cruising speed, and growth parameters of the extinct megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae), and new evolutionary insights into its gigantism, life history strategies, ecology, and extinction. Palaeontologia Electronica (a 12) 28 (1): 1-53, DOI: 10.26879/1502, URL: https://doi.org/10.26879/1502
F86D3034FFF62032FEE63F49FA88FAC8.taxon	description	F 385 35.0 0.091	en	Shimada, Kenshu, Motani, Ryosuke, Wood, Jake J., Sternes, Phillip C., Tomita, Taketeru, Bazzi, Mohamad, Collareta, Alberto, Gayford, Joel H., Türtscher, Julia, Jambura, Patrick L., Kriwet, Jürgen, Vullo, Romain, Long, Douglas J., Summers, Adam P., Maisey, John G., Underwood, Charlie (2025): Reassessment of the possible size, form, weight, cruising speed, and growth parameters of the extinct megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae), and new evolutionary insights into its gigantism, life history strategies, ecology, and extinction. Palaeontologia Electronica (a 12) 28 (1): 1-53, DOI: 10.26879/1502, URL: https://doi.org/10.26879/1502
F86D3034FFF62032FEE63814FD08FD4D.taxon	description	Mitsukurina owstoni * -	en	Shimada, Kenshu, Motani, Ryosuke, Wood, Jake J., Sternes, Phillip C., Tomita, Taketeru, Bazzi, Mohamad, Collareta, Alberto, Gayford, Joel H., Türtscher, Julia, Jambura, Patrick L., Kriwet, Jürgen, Vullo, Romain, Long, Douglas J., Summers, Adam P., Maisey, John G., Underwood, Charlie (2025): Reassessment of the possible size, form, weight, cruising speed, and growth parameters of the extinct megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae), and new evolutionary insights into its gigantism, life history strategies, ecology, and extinction. Palaeontologia Electronica (a 12) 28 (1): 1-53, DOI: 10.26879/1502, URL: https://doi.org/10.26879/1502
F86D3034FFF62032FEE63E03FA88FB58.taxon	description	Megachasma pelagios 1 SIO 07 - 53 F 127 26.5 0.209 M 115 23.0 0.200 - - - 0.205 * M 106 11.0 0.104 F 100 10.5 0.105 - - - 0.105 * F 190 25.0 0.132? 297 38.5 0.130 - - - 0.131 * M 217 26.0 0.120 F 321 39.5 0.123 - - - 0.122 * M 101 12.5 0.124 F 92 11.5 0.125 M 93 12.0 0.129 - - - 0.126 * F 215 16.0 0.074	en	Shimada, Kenshu, Motani, Ryosuke, Wood, Jake J., Sternes, Phillip C., Tomita, Taketeru, Bazzi, Mohamad, Collareta, Alberto, Gayford, Joel H., Türtscher, Julia, Jambura, Patrick L., Kriwet, Jürgen, Vullo, Romain, Long, Douglas J., Summers, Adam P., Maisey, John G., Underwood, Charlie (2025): Reassessment of the possible size, form, weight, cruising speed, and growth parameters of the extinct megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae), and new evolutionary insights into its gigantism, life history strategies, ecology, and extinction. Palaeontologia Electronica (a 12) 28 (1): 1-53, DOI: 10.26879/1502, URL: https://doi.org/10.26879/1502
F86D3034FFF62032FEE63BC4FA88FE78.taxon	description	F 46 5.4 0.117 F 53 4.9 0.092	en	Shimada, Kenshu, Motani, Ryosuke, Wood, Jake J., Sternes, Phillip C., Tomita, Taketeru, Bazzi, Mohamad, Collareta, Alberto, Gayford, Joel H., Türtscher, Julia, Jambura, Patrick L., Kriwet, Jürgen, Vullo, Romain, Long, Douglas J., Summers, Adam P., Maisey, John G., Underwood, Charlie (2025): Reassessment of the possible size, form, weight, cruising speed, and growth parameters of the extinct megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae), and new evolutionary insights into its gigantism, life history strategies, ecology, and extinction. Palaeontologia Electronica (a 12) 28 (1): 1-53, DOI: 10.26879/1502, URL: https://doi.org/10.26879/1502
F86D3034FFF62033FEE63D1EFA83FF42.taxon	description	? 185 25.5 0.138 Species name Source Sex TL NL NP	en	Shimada, Kenshu, Motani, Ryosuke, Wood, Jake J., Sternes, Phillip C., Tomita, Taketeru, Bazzi, Mohamad, Collareta, Alberto, Gayford, Joel H., Türtscher, Julia, Jambura, Patrick L., Kriwet, Jürgen, Vullo, Romain, Long, Douglas J., Summers, Adam P., Maisey, John G., Underwood, Charlie (2025): Reassessment of the possible size, form, weight, cruising speed, and growth parameters of the extinct megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae), and new evolutionary insights into its gigantism, life history strategies, ecology, and extinction. Palaeontologia Electronica (a 12) 28 (1): 1-53, DOI: 10.26879/1502, URL: https://doi.org/10.26879/1502
F86D3034FFF72033FEE63B2BFA88FEE5.taxon	description	M 125 13.5 0.108	en	Shimada, Kenshu, Motani, Ryosuke, Wood, Jake J., Sternes, Phillip C., Tomita, Taketeru, Bazzi, Mohamad, Collareta, Alberto, Gayford, Joel H., Türtscher, Julia, Jambura, Patrick L., Kriwet, Jürgen, Vullo, Romain, Long, Douglas J., Summers, Adam P., Maisey, John G., Underwood, Charlie (2025): Reassessment of the possible size, form, weight, cruising speed, and growth parameters of the extinct megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae), and new evolutionary insights into its gigantism, life history strategies, ecology, and extinction. Palaeontologia Electronica (a 12) 28 (1): 1-53, DOI: 10.26879/1502, URL: https://doi.org/10.26879/1502
F86D3034FFF72033FEE63BBBFA88FE55.taxon	description	M 151 18.0 0.119	en	Shimada, Kenshu, Motani, Ryosuke, Wood, Jake J., Sternes, Phillip C., Tomita, Taketeru, Bazzi, Mohamad, Collareta, Alberto, Gayford, Joel H., Türtscher, Julia, Jambura, Patrick L., Kriwet, Jürgen, Vullo, Romain, Long, Douglas J., Summers, Adam P., Maisey, John G., Underwood, Charlie (2025): Reassessment of the possible size, form, weight, cruising speed, and growth parameters of the extinct megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae), and new evolutionary insights into its gigantism, life history strategies, ecology, and extinction. Palaeontologia Electronica (a 12) 28 (1): 1-53, DOI: 10.26879/1502, URL: https://doi.org/10.26879/1502
F86D3034FFF72033FEE6382CFA88FDEA.taxon	description	M 115 14.0 0.122	en	Shimada, Kenshu, Motani, Ryosuke, Wood, Jake J., Sternes, Phillip C., Tomita, Taketeru, Bazzi, Mohamad, Collareta, Alberto, Gayford, Joel H., Türtscher, Julia, Jambura, Patrick L., Kriwet, Jürgen, Vullo, Romain, Long, Douglas J., Summers, Adam P., Maisey, John G., Underwood, Charlie (2025): Reassessment of the possible size, form, weight, cruising speed, and growth parameters of the extinct megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae), and new evolutionary insights into its gigantism, life history strategies, ecology, and extinction. Palaeontologia Electronica (a 12) 28 (1): 1-53, DOI: 10.26879/1502, URL: https://doi.org/10.26879/1502
F86D3034FFF72030FEE63D7BFA88F8DD.taxon	description	Hypogaleus hypugaensis Compagno, 1988, fig. 17.17 F 115 11.3 0.098 Iago omanesis Compagno, 1988, fig. 17.15 F 58 6.7 0.116 Mustelus californicus Compagno, 1988, fig. 17.7 B F 121 9.5 0.091 Mustelus fasciatus Compagno, 1988, fig. 17.7 E M 58 8.7 0.150 Mustelus higmani Compagno, 1988, fig. 17.7 D M 45 5.8 0.129 Mustelus lenticulatus Compagno, 1988, fig. 17.7 F M 93 11.7 0.126 Mustelus lunulatus Compagno, 1988, fig. 17.6 F 97 11.2 0.115 Mustelus mosis Compagno, 1988, fig. 17.7 C F 82 10.0 0.122 Mustelus whitneyi Compagno, 1988, fig. 17.7 A F 79 9.7 0.123 Scylliogaleus quecketti Compagno, 1988, fig. 17.10 F 86 9.1 0.106 Triakis acutipinna Compagno, 1988, fig. 17.4 B M 90 9.2 0.102 Triakis maculata Compagno, 1988, fig. 17.4 C F 43 5.9 0.137 Triakis megalopterus Compagno, 1988, fig. 17.4 D M 76 8.4 0.111 Triakis scyllium Compagno, 1988, fig. 17.4 A M 109 10.0 0.092 Triakis semifasciata Compagno, 1988, fig. 17.3 F 94 9.3 0.099 Chaenogaleus macrostoma Compagno, 1988, fig. 18.6 M 65 6.8 0.105 Hemigaleus microstoma Compagno, 1988, fig. 18.3 F 43 5.7 0.133 Hemipristis elongata Compagno, 1988, fig. 18.7 F 170 16 0.094 Paragaleus tengi Compagno, 1988, fig. 18.1 M 85 9.3 0.109 Carcharhinus amblyrhynchoides Compagno, 1988, fig. 19.10 A M 140 17 0.121 Carcharhinus amboinensis Compagno, 1988, fig. 19.10 L M 72 10.3 0.143 Carcharhinus borneensis Compagno, 1988, fig. 19.10 H F 47 7.2 0.153 Carcharhinus falciformis Compagno, 1988, fig. 19.10 B F 124 17.3 0.140 Carcharhinus galapagensis Compagno, 1988, fig. 19.10 D F 100 11.7 0.117 Carcharhinus hemiodon Compagno, 1988, fig. 19.10 I M 55 8.4 0.153 Carcharhinus isodon Compagno, 1988, fig. 19.10 E M 52 7.8 0.150 Carcharhinus limbatus Compagno, 1988, fig. 19.10 N? 120 14.4 0.120 Carcharhinus longimanus Compagno, 1988, fig. 19.10 P F 124 15.7 0.127 Carcharhinus macloti Compagno, 1988, fig. 19.9 F 52 8.5 0.163 Carcharhinus melanopterus Compagno, 1988, fig. 19.10 M F 123 17.8 0.145 Carcharhinus obscurus Compagno, 1988, fig. 19.8? 140 14.8 0.106 Carcharhinus porosus Compagno, 1988, fig. 19.10 G? 120 16.8 0.140 Carcharhinus sealei Compagno, 1988, fig. 19.10 F M 74 8.8 0.119 Carcharhinus sorrah Compagno, 1988, fig. 19.10 J M 110 13.2 0.120 Glyphis sp. Compagno, 1988, fig. 19.13 M 72 9.6 0.133 Isogomphodon oxyrhynchus Compagno, 1988, fig. 19.6 F 62 11.5 0.185 Lamiopsis temmincki Compagno, 1988, fig. 19.14 F 40 5.6 0.140 Loxodon macrorhinus Compagno, 1988, fig. 19.3 F 89 9.1 0.102 Negaprion brevirostris Compagno, 1988, fig. 19.17? 140 15.6 0.111 Nasolamia velox Compagno, 1988, fig. 19.16 M 53 9.5 0.179 Prionace glauca Compagno, 1988, fig. 19.18 M 151 19.5 0.129 Rhizoprionodon acutus Compagno, 1988, fig. 19.5 B F 72 9.4 0.131 Rhizoprionodon lalandii Compagno, 1988, fig. 19.5 A M 45 6.6 0.147 Rhizoprionodon longurio Compagno, 1988, fig. 19.4 F 50 8.7 0.174 Rhizoprionodon oligolinx Compagno, 1988, fig. 19.5 C F 57 7.4 0.130	en	Shimada, Kenshu, Motani, Ryosuke, Wood, Jake J., Sternes, Phillip C., Tomita, Taketeru, Bazzi, Mohamad, Collareta, Alberto, Gayford, Joel H., Türtscher, Julia, Jambura, Patrick L., Kriwet, Jürgen, Vullo, Romain, Long, Douglas J., Summers, Adam P., Maisey, John G., Underwood, Charlie (2025): Reassessment of the possible size, form, weight, cruising speed, and growth parameters of the extinct megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae), and new evolutionary insights into its gigantism, life history strategies, ecology, and extinction. Palaeontologia Electronica (a 12) 28 (1): 1-53, DOI: 10.26879/1502, URL: https://doi.org/10.26879/1502
F86D3034FFEA202FFF313884FE10FD75.taxon	description	Hexanchus griseus HEX: Hexanchidae Notorynchus cepedianus HEX: Hexanchidae Echinorhinus cookei ECH: Echinorinidae Cirrhigaleus barbifer SQL: Squalidae Squalus mitsukurii SQL: Squalidae Centrophorus granulosus SQL: Centrophoridae Deania calcea SQL: Centrophoridae Aculeola nigra SQL: Etmopteridae Centroscyllium excelsum SQL: Etmopteridae Etmopterus lucifer SQL: Etmopteridae Trigonognathus kabeyai SQL: Etmopteridae Centroscymnus owstonii SQL: Somniosidae Centroselachus crepidater SQL: Somniosidae Scymnodalatias sherwoodi SQL: Somniosidae Somniosus microcephalus SQL: Somniosidae Zameus squamulosus SQL: Somniosidae Oxynotus bruniensis SQL: Oxynotidae Dalatias licha SQL: Dalatiidae Euprotomicrus bispinatus SQL: Dalatiidae Heteroscymnoides marleyi SQL: Dalatiidae Isistius brasiliensis SQL: Dalatiidae Mollisquama sp. * SQL: Dalatiidae Squaliolus laticaudus SQL: Dalatiidae Pliotrema annae PRI: Pristiophoridae Pliotrema kajae PRI: Pristiophoridae Pliotrema warreni PRI: Pristiophoridae Pristiophorus japonicus PRI: Pristiophoridae Pristiophorus nudipinnis PRI: Pristiophoridae Squatina africana SQT: Squatinidae 196 0.040 0.690 0.270 0.058 0.391 139 0.100 0.638 0.262 0.157 0.411 550 0.111 0.586 0.303 0.189 0.517 296 0.130 0.558 0.312 0.233 0.559 450 0.136 0.635 0.229 0.214 0.361 126 0.121 0.720 0.159 0.168 0.221 125 0.155 0.643 0.202 0.241 0.314 176 0.168 0.659 0.173 0.255 0.263 162 0.188 0.599 0.213 0.314 0.356 67 0.070 0.725 0.205 0.097 0.283 64 0.149 0.570 0.281 0.261 0.493 47 0.151 0.614 0.235 0.246 0.383 54 0.104 0.732 0.164 0.104 0.224 120 0.118 0.618 0.194 0.191 0.314 105 0.061 0.709 0.230 0.086 0.324 85 0.061 0.703 0.236 0.087 0.336 756 0.085 0.711 0.204 0.120 0.287 84 0.138 0.680 0.182 0.203 0.268 91 0.124 0.662 0.214 0.187 0.323 182 0.126 0.659 0.215 0.191 0.326 27 0.081 0.772 0.147 0.105 0.190 37 0.200 0.596 0.204 0.336 0.342 56 0.115 0.729 0.156 0.158 0.214 40 0.071 0.688 0.241 0.103 0.350 28 0.196 0.656 0.148 0.299 0.226 98 0.255 0.587 0.158 0.434 0.269 143 0.304 0.550 0.146 0.553 0.265 136 0.329 0.501 0.170 0.657 0.339 153 0.288 0.540 0.172 0.533 0.319 124 0.236 0.588 0.176 0.401 0.299 122 0.095 0.778 0.127 0.122 0.163 Species name Order: Family mTL NP TP CP aNP aCP Squatina japonica SQT: Squatinidae Heterodontus francisci HET: Heterodontidae Heterodontus zebra HET: Heterodontidae Cirrhoscyllium japonicum ORE: Parascylliidae Parascyllium ferrugineum ORE: Parascylliidae Brachaelurus waddi ORE: Brachaeluridae Eucrossorhinus dasypogon ORE: Orectolobidae Orectolobus ornatus ORE: Orectolobidae Orectolobus wardi ORE: Orectolobidae Sutorectus tentaculatus ORE: Orectolobidae Chiloscyllium plagiosum ORE: Hemiscylliidae Hemiscyllium freycineti ORE: Hemiscylliidae Stegostoma tigrinum ORE: Stegostomatidae Pseudoginglymostoma ORE: Ginglymostomatidae brevicaudatum	en	Shimada, Kenshu, Motani, Ryosuke, Wood, Jake J., Sternes, Phillip C., Tomita, Taketeru, Bazzi, Mohamad, Collareta, Alberto, Gayford, Joel H., Türtscher, Julia, Jambura, Patrick L., Kriwet, Jürgen, Vullo, Romain, Long, Douglas J., Summers, Adam P., Maisey, John G., Underwood, Charlie (2025): Reassessment of the possible size, form, weight, cruising speed, and growth parameters of the extinct megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae), and new evolutionary insights into its gigantism, life history strategies, ecology, and extinction. Palaeontologia Electronica (a 12) 28 (1): 1-53, DOI: 10.26879/1502, URL: https://doi.org/10.26879/1502
F86D3034FFEB202FFF31397CFC86FC55.taxon	description	Mitsukurina owstoni LAM: Mitsukurinidae Carcharias taurus LAM: Carchariidae Odontaspis ferox LAM: Odontaspididae Odontaspis noronhai LAM: Odontaspididae	en	Shimada, Kenshu, Motani, Ryosuke, Wood, Jake J., Sternes, Phillip C., Tomita, Taketeru, Bazzi, Mohamad, Collareta, Alberto, Gayford, Joel H., Türtscher, Julia, Jambura, Patrick L., Kriwet, Jürgen, Vullo, Romain, Long, Douglas J., Summers, Adam P., Maisey, John G., Underwood, Charlie (2025): Reassessment of the possible size, form, weight, cruising speed, and growth parameters of the extinct megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae), and new evolutionary insights into its gigantism, life history strategies, ecology, and extinction. Palaeontologia Electronica (a 12) 28 (1): 1-53, DOI: 10.26879/1502, URL: https://doi.org/10.26879/1502
F86D3034FFEB202CFF31399CFAC3FF3F.taxon	description	Cetorhinus maximus LAM: Cetorhinidae Alopias pelagicus LAM: Alopiidae Alopias superciliosus LAM: Alopiidae Alopias vulpinus LAM: Alopiidae Carcharodon carcharias LAM: Lamnidae Isurus oxyrinchus LAM: Lamnidae Isurus paucus LAM: Lamnidae Lamna ditropis LAM: Lamnidae Lamna nasus LAM: Lamnidae Apristurus laurussonii CAR: Pentanchidae Asymbolus vincenti CAR: Pentanchidae Bythaelurus canescens CAR: Pentanchidae Cephalurus cephalus / ‘ sp. ’ CAR: Pentanchidae Figaro boardmani CAR: Pentanchidae Galeus arae CAR: Pentanchidae Halaelurus buergeri CAR: Pentanchidae Haploblepharus fuscus CAR: Pentanchidae Holohalaelurus regani CAR: Pentanchidae Parmaturus pilosus CAR: Pentanchidae Parmaturus xaniurus CAR: Pentanchidae Pentanchus profundicolus CAR: Pentanchidae Dichichthys bigus CAR: Dichichthyidae 200 0.100 0.765 0.135 0.131 0.176 122 0.119 0.661 0.220 0.180 0.333 122 0.143 0.679 0.178 0.211 0.262 49 0.086 0.689 0.225 0.125 0.327 82 0.081 0.743 0.176 0.109 0.237 120 0.114 0.656 0.230 0.174 0.351 125 0.187 0.614 0.199 0.305 0.324 120 0.115 0.674 0.211 0.171 0.313 63 0.115 0.694 0.191 0.166 0.275 92 0.129 0.650 0.221 0.198 0.340 95 0.108 0.695 0.197 0.155 0.283 69 0.095 0.729 0.176 0.130 0.241 354 0.117 0.414 0.468 0.283 1.130 75 0.092 0.655 0.253 0.140 0.386 308 0.123 0.593 0.284 0.207 0.479 2100 0.080 0.692 0.228 0.116 0.329 620 0.205 0.478 0.317 0.429 0.663 325 0.105 0.631 0.264 0.166 0.418 450 0.131 0.607 0.262 0.216 0.432 427 0.122 0.606 0.272 0.201 0.449 122 0.126 0.662 0.212 0.190 0.320 820 0.097 0.588 0.315 0.165 0.536 1097 0.092 0.714 0.194 0.129 0.272 428 0.059 0.400 0.541 0.148 1.353 484 0.071 0.501 0.428 0.142 0.854 575 0.056 0.416 0.525 0.135 1.262 640 0.115 0.694 0.191 0.166 0.275 445 0.129 0.695 0.176 0.186 0.253 430 0.108 0.681 0.211 0.159 0.310 305 0.107 0.695 0.198 0.154 0.285 365 0.111 0.668 0.221 0.166 0.331 76 0.210 0.530 0.260 0.396 0.491 61 0.100 0.662 0.238 0.151 0.360 73 0.127 0.640 0.233 0.198 0.364 37 0.120 0.617 0.263 0.194 0.426 61 0.128 0.656 0.216 0.195 0.329 33 0.134 0.591 0.275 0.227 0.465 49 0.114 0.673 0.213 0.169 0.316 69 0.097 0.698 0.205 0.139 0.294 69 0.102 0.672 0.226 0.152 0.336 64 0.100 0.678 0.222 0.147 0.327 61 0.126 0.652 0.222 0.193 0.340 51 0.141 0.532 0.327 0.265 0.615 105 0.137 0.717 0.146 0.191 0.204 Species name Order: Family mTL NP TP CP aNP aCP	en	Shimada, Kenshu, Motani, Ryosuke, Wood, Jake J., Sternes, Phillip C., Tomita, Taketeru, Bazzi, Mohamad, Collareta, Alberto, Gayford, Joel H., Türtscher, Julia, Jambura, Patrick L., Kriwet, Jürgen, Vullo, Romain, Long, Douglas J., Summers, Adam P., Maisey, John G., Underwood, Charlie (2025): Reassessment of the possible size, form, weight, cruising speed, and growth parameters of the extinct megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae), and new evolutionary insights into its gigantism, life history strategies, ecology, and extinction. Palaeontologia Electronica (a 12) 28 (1): 1-53, DOI: 10.26879/1502, URL: https://doi.org/10.26879/1502
F86D3034FFE8202CFF3138BEFD43FA1D.taxon	description	Gogolia filewoodi CAR: Triakidae Galeorhinus galeus CAR: Triakidae Hemitriakis japanica CAR: Triakidae Hypogaleus hypugaensis CAR: Triakidae Iago omanesis CAR: Triakidae Mustelus californicus CAR: Triakidae Mustelus fasciatus CAR: Triakidae Mustelus higmani CAR: Triakidae Mustelus lenticulatus CAR: Triakidae Mustelus lunulatus CAR: Triakidae Mustelus mosis CAR: Triakidae Mustelus whitneyi CAR: Triakidae Scylliogaleus quecketti CAR: Triakidae Triakis acutipinna CAR: Triakidae Triakis maculata CAR: Triakidae Triakis megalopterus CAR: Triakidae Triakis scyllium CAR: Triakidae Triakis semifasciata CAR: Triakidae	en	Shimada, Kenshu, Motani, Ryosuke, Wood, Jake J., Sternes, Phillip C., Tomita, Taketeru, Bazzi, Mohamad, Collareta, Alberto, Gayford, Joel H., Türtscher, Julia, Jambura, Patrick L., Kriwet, Jürgen, Vullo, Romain, Long, Douglas J., Summers, Adam P., Maisey, John G., Underwood, Charlie (2025): Reassessment of the possible size, form, weight, cruising speed, and growth parameters of the extinct megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae), and new evolutionary insights into its gigantism, life history strategies, ecology, and extinction. Palaeontologia Electronica (a 12) 28 (1): 1-53, DOI: 10.26879/1502, URL: https://doi.org/10.26879/1502
F86D3034FFE8202CFF313BC4FD63FDC2.taxon	description	Eridacnis barbouri CAR: Proscylliidae Proscyllium habereri CAR: Proscylliidae	en	Shimada, Kenshu, Motani, Ryosuke, Wood, Jake J., Sternes, Phillip C., Tomita, Taketeru, Bazzi, Mohamad, Collareta, Alberto, Gayford, Joel H., Türtscher, Julia, Jambura, Patrick L., Kriwet, Jürgen, Vullo, Romain, Long, Douglas J., Summers, Adam P., Maisey, John G., Underwood, Charlie (2025): Reassessment of the possible size, form, weight, cruising speed, and growth parameters of the extinct megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae), and new evolutionary insights into its gigantism, life history strategies, ecology, and extinction. Palaeontologia Electronica (a 12) 28 (1): 1-53, DOI: 10.26879/1502, URL: https://doi.org/10.26879/1502
F86D3034FFE8202AFF313D33FC09FE52.taxon	description	67 0.097 0.679 0.224 0.143 0.330 100 0.120 0.666 0.214 0.180 0.321 109 0.106 0.680 0.214 0.156 0.315 70 0.112 0.700 0.188 0.160 0.269 35 0.106 0.704 0.190 0.151 0.270 59 0.143 0.646 0.211 0.221 0.327 46 0.124 0.648 0.228 0.191 0.352 34 0.136 0.573 0.291 0.237 0.508 65 0.102 0.679 0.219 0.150 0.323 110 0.159 0.653 0.188 0.243 0.288 53 0.098 0.688 0.214 0.142 0.311 296 0.109 0.689 0.202 0.158 0.293 82 0.115 0.649 0.236 0.177 0.364 160 0.153 0.658 0.189 0.233 0.287 74 0.186 0.591 0.223 0.315 0.377 195 0.170 0.599 0.231 0.284 0.386 120 0.126 0.694 0.180 0.182 0.259 150 0.098 0.675 0.227 0.145 0.336 89 0.116 0.654 0.230 0.177 0.352 125 0.091 0.709 0.200 0.128 0.282 177 0.150 0.624 0.226 0.240 0.362 88 0.129 0.681 0.190 0.189 0.279 151 0.126 0.669 0.205 0.188 0.306 175 0.115 0.668 0.217 0.172 0.325 150 0.122 0.689 0.189 0.177 0.274 87 0.123 0.683 0.194 0.180 0.284 102 0.106 0.743 0.151 0.143 0.203 102 0.102 0.688 0.210 0.148 0.305 240 0.137 0.651 0.212 0.210 0.326 208 0.111 0.673 0.216 0.165 0.321 150 0.092 0.716 0.192 0.128 0.268 210 0.099 0.669 0.232 0.148 0.347 125 0.105 0.674 0.221 0.156 0.328 114 0.133 0.673 0.194 0.198 0.288 240 0.094 0.671 0.235 0.140 0.350 93 0.109 0.672 0.219 0.162 0.326 182 0.121 0.630 0.249 0.192 0.395 280 0.143 0.651 0.206 0.220 0.316 65 0.153 0.571 0.276 0.268 0.483 350 0.140 0.617 0.243 0.227 0.394 300 0.117 0.646 0.237 0.181 0.367 102 0.153 0.595 0.252 0.257 0.424 200 0.150 0.624 0.226 0.240 0.362 286 0.120 0.653 0.227 0.184 0.348 Species name Order: Family mTL NP TP CP aNP aCP Carcharhinus longimanus CAR: Carcharhinidae Carcharhinus macloti CAR: Carcharhinidae Carcharhinus melanopterus CAR: Carcharhinidae Carcharhinus obscurus CAR: Carcharhinidae Carcharhinus porosus CAR: Carcharhinidae Carcharhinus sealei CAR: Carcharhinidae Carcharhinus sorrah CAR: Carcharhinidae Glyphis sp. ** CAR: Carcharhinidae Isogomphodon oxyrhynchus CAR: Carcharhinidae Lamiopsis temmincki CAR: Carcharhinidae Loxodon macrorhinus CAR: Carcharhinidae Negaprion brevirostris CAR: Carcharhinidae Nasolamia velox CAR: Carcharhinidae Prionace glauca CAR: Carcharhinidae Rhizoprionodon acutus CAR: Carcharhinidae Rhizoprionodon lalandii CAR: Carcharhinidae Rhizoprionodon longurio CAR: Carcharhinidae Rhizoprionodon oligolinx CAR: Carcharhinidae Rhizoprionodon terraenovae CAR: Carcharhinidae Scoliodon laticaudus CAR: Carcharhinidae Triaenodon obesus CAR: Carcharhinidae Galeocerdo cuvier CAR: Galeocerdidae Eusphyra blochii CAR: Sphyrnidae Sphyrna lewini CAR: Sphyrnidae Sphyrna tiburo CAR: Sphyrnidae EXTINCT † Paraorthacodus sp. SYN: † Paraorthacodontidae † Centrosqualus primaevus SQL: Squalidae † Cretascymnus adonis SQL: Somniosidae † Synechodus sp. SQT: † Palaeospinacidae † Pseudorhina acanthoderma SQT: Squatinidae † Pseudorhina alifera SQT: Squatinidae † Protospinax annectans ‘ SQ’: † Protospinacidae † Heterodontus zitteli HET: Heterodontidae † Paracestracion falcifer HET: † Paracestracionidae † Mesiteia emiliae ORE: † Mesiteiidae † Phorcynis catulina ORE: Family incertae sedis 395 0.127 0.579 0.294 0.219 0.508 110 0.163 0.597 0.240 0.273 0.402 180 0.145 0.624 0.231 0.232 0.370 420 0.106 0.654 0.240 0.162 0.367 134 0.140 0.633 0.227 0.221 0.359 86 0.119 0.650 0.231 0.183 0.355 166 0.120 0.628 0.252 0.182 0.401 260 0.133 0.622 0.245 0.214 0.394 244 0.185 0.564 0.251 0.328 0.445 178 0.140 0.642 0.218 0.218 0.340 99 0.102 0.633 0.265 0.161 0.419 368 0.111 0.669 0.220 0.166 0.329 165 0.179 0.565 0.256 0.317 0.453 384 0.129 0.625 0.246 0.206 0.394 178 0.131 0.597 0.272 0.219 0.456 102 0.147 0.597 0.256 0.246 0.429 154 0.174 0.595 0.231 0.292 0.388 88 0.130 0.624 0.246 0.208 0.394 113 0.125 0.635 0.240 0.197 0.378 74 0.159 0.619 0.222 0.257 0.359 213 0.098 0.651 0.251 0.151 0.386 550 0.101 0.612 0.287 0.165 0.489 186 0.072 0.601 0.327 0.120 0.544 430 0.067 0.629 0.304 0.107 0.483 150 0.113 0.584 0.303 0.193 0.519 - 0.135 0.503 0.362 0.268 0.720 - 0.118 0.684 0.198 0.173 0.290 - 0.140 0.723 0.137 0.194 0.190 - 0.126 0.604 0.270 0.209 0.447 - 0.096 0.791 0.113 0.121 0.143 - 0.091 0.735 0.174 0.124 0.237 - 0.160 0.685 0.155 0.234 0.226 - 0.124 0.671 0.205 0.185 0.306 - 0.129 0.679 0.192 0.190 0.283 - 0.082 0.774 0.144 0.106 0.186 - 0.118 0.664 0.218 0.178 0.328 † Palaeocarcharias stromeri LAM: † Palaeocarchariidae *** - 0.108 0.670 0.222 0.161 0.331 † Scapanorhynchus lewisii LAM: Mitsukurinidae † Aquilolamna milarcae LAM: † Aquilolamnidae † Ptychodus sp. LAM: † Ptychodontidae † Otodus megalodon **** LAM: † Otodontidae † Bavariscyllium tischlingeri CAR: Scyliorhinidae † Palaeoscyllium formosum CAR: Scyliorhinidae - 0.175 0.507 0.318 0.345 0.627 - 0.067 0.624 0.309 0.107 0.495 - 0.126 0.697 0.177 0.181 0.254 - 0.111 0.670 0.218 0.166 0.326 - 0.096 0.580 0.324 0.166 0.559 - 0.125 0.643 0.232 0.194 0.361 * Average PC value between Mollisquama mississippiensis (0.230) and M. parini (0.251). ** Average CP value among Glyphis gangeticus (0.242), G. garricki (0.238), and G. glyphis (0.255). *** This familial assignment is questionable (see Villalobos-Segura et al., 2023). **** Inferred values used for the cluster analysis (see text for explanation).	en	Shimada, Kenshu, Motani, Ryosuke, Wood, Jake J., Sternes, Phillip C., Tomita, Taketeru, Bazzi, Mohamad, Collareta, Alberto, Gayford, Joel H., Türtscher, Julia, Jambura, Patrick L., Kriwet, Jürgen, Vullo, Romain, Long, Douglas J., Summers, Adam P., Maisey, John G., Underwood, Charlie (2025): Reassessment of the possible size, form, weight, cruising speed, and growth parameters of the extinct megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae), and new evolutionary insights into its gigantism, life history strategies, ecology, and extinction. Palaeontologia Electronica (a 12) 28 (1): 1-53, DOI: 10.26879/1502, URL: https://doi.org/10.26879/1502
