taxonID	type	description	language	source
EF79780EFFFB301A95EBF250FD38FBF8.taxon	description	(FIGS 2 – 6) h t t p: / / z o o b a n k. o r g / u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. o r g: a c t: DD 91 C 682 - AC 36 - 4 D 21 - ADF 2 - A 6 BADD 6 A 7937 Holotype: Male, dissected on one slide (NIBRIV 0000243281), shell on SEM stub (NIBRIV 0000243282). Allotype: Female, dissected on one slide (NIBRIV 000024328), shell on SEM stub (NIBRIV 0000243282) Paratypes: Juvenile male, dissected on one slide, shell on micropalaeontological slide (NIBRIV 0000243284); female with soft parts used in DNA extraction, shell on SEM stub (NIBRIV 0000243282); 2 juveniles, soft parts used for DNA extraction, shells on micropalaeontological slides; two juveniles, whole on SEM stub (NIBRIV 0000243282) and 10 additional specimens in alcohol (NIBRIV 0000243285). All examined material collected from the type locality. Type locality: River interstitial, Seongdong-ri, Yeongjung-myeon, Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea, 38 ° 00 ʹ 45.9 ″ N 127 ° 14 ʹ 47.6 ″ E, elevation 73 m, 22 May 2015, collector Joo-Lae Cho. Etymology: The species is named after Korea. anterior and inclined towards posterior end. Anterior and posterior margins both rounded, anterior wider than posterior. Ventral margin slightly curved. Surface covered with fine stripes (Fig. 1 C) and with sensory setae exiting from pores (Fig. 1 D, E). Pores rimmed (Fig. 1 F). Surface setae of various lengths. Inner calcified lamellae and line of concrescence narrow (Fig. 2 A, B). A 1 (Fig. 3 C): Five-segmented. First segment with one anterior seta situated proximally and two posterior, more distal setae. Following segment with one short seta anteriorly and peculiar postero-distal margin. The following two segments very long and probably represent fusion of two ancestral segment. Segment number three with only one short, anterior seta, while the following one with three relatively long setae. Terminal segment with a very long aesthetasc (longer Diagnosis: Shell ornamented with fine stripes, elongated in lateral view. LV and RV subequal. A 1 five-segmented; A 2 with all three exopodite setae short. Prehensile palps almost symmetrical each basally carrying additional spine-like structure. L 7 with incompletely subdivided penultimate segment. Uropodal ramus with short and stout ramus and with long claws, anterior claw shorter than posterior, claws not distally curved; posterior seta situated high on the ramus. Hemipenis with lobe ‘ a’ higher than lobe ‘ h’, and not curved at its tip. Shell and L 7 sexually dimorphic. Description: Male. L of shell 0.8 mm. Greatest H situated around middle L, equalling 40 % of L. Valves elongated in lateral view (Fig. 1 A, B). Dorsal margin straight in the middle, broadly rounded towards than the last three segments combined), one shorter posterior seta and two very long medial setae. A 2 (Fig. 2 F): Penultimate segment subdivided with male sensory bristles. Exopod consisting of three short setae. Endopod five-segmented. Aesthetasc Y slightly longer than posterior margin of the first endopodite segment. Same segment with two setae on postero-distal margin: one long and other very short. Beside large male sexual bristles on the margin between second and third endopodal segment also with one anterior (short) and one posterior (longer) seta. Claws G 1 and G 3, as well as z 3 seta reduced, while G 2 claw, and z 1 and z 2 setae long and stout. Terminals segment with long Gm and short Gm claw. Aesthetasc y 3 long. Md (Fig. 4 C): Palp four-segmented. First segment anteriorly bare, posteriorly with four setae. Second segment anteriorly with two setae and posteriorly with 3 + 2 setae in a bunch. Penultimate segment with three setae antero-distally, two long medial setae and two shorter setae situated postero-distally. Terminal segment with two equal, long claws and two setae. Exopod with 7 / 8 rays. Mxl-palp (Fig. 3 D): Two-segmented. First segment with total of four long and thin setae. Terminal segment slightly elongated, with two claws and four setae. Prehensile palps (Fig. 3 E, G): Almost symmetrical. Both with elongated fingers and long subterminal setae. Also, both carrying a spine-like process proximally on the palp. L 6 (Fig. 4 G): Five-segmented. Basal and first endopodal segments without any seta. Second and third endopodal segments with one short seta each. Terminal segment with two short setae and a long claw. L 7 (Fig. 4 E, F): Four-segmented. Penultimate segment incompletely subdivided. Basal segment with all three setae present. Only seta ‘ g’ present. Terminal segment with two short and one long seta. L ratio between two short setae equalling 2: 1. UR (Fig. 4 B): Ramus short, posterior setae situated high on the ramus. Both claws well developed, anterior longer than posterior. Anterior setae missing on one ramus. L ratio between anterior margin of the ramus, anterior claw, and posterior claw equalling 1: 1: 1.2. Hemipenis (Fig. 4 A): Lobe a higher than h and r e l a t i v e l y s t o u t. I n t e r n a l l y c a n a l s n o t c o i l e d. Ejaculatory process relatively simple. Zenker organ (Fig. 4 G): With 3 + 2 whorls of spines with wide central tube and inflated anterior end. Female. L similar to male, but shape of the valves differ: dorsal margin more inclined towards posterior margin than in male (Fig. 5 A, B, E, F). In addition, surface ornamentation different from male: stripes are more clearly defined (Fig. 5 C, D, G). Line of concrescence, and inner calcified lamella (Fig. 6 A, B) same as in male. A 1 (Fig. 6 D): Posterior margin of second segment with clearly pronounced nipple-like extension. A 2 (Fig. 6 F): Four-segmented. Claws G 1, G 2, G 3, and GM all long, seta z 1 transformed into claw, two times longer than terminal segment. One seta present antero-medially on penultimate segment and three postero-medially on the same segment. L 5 (Fig. 6 C, I): With asymmetrical chaetotaxy (same in male). On one 2 setae present, probably representing ‘ b’ and ‘ d’ setae, while on the other only one seta present. One seta in exopod on both limbs. L 7 (Fig. 6 E): One of the two short setae on terminal segment much longer than in males, being over four times longer than the shorter one (only two times in male). UR and genital field (Fig. 6 G): UR same as in male, genital filed without extensions. UR attachment (Fig. 6 H): Very long (in both sexes), and much longer than ramus itself. Remarks: Undulacandona koreana is most similar to U. aeolus sp. nov. (described in the following), but the two species clearly differ in the morphology of the hemipenis, UR and even morphology of prehensile palps. The females of the latter species are not known, so it is not possible to compare characters between these sexes of the two species. Undulacandona koreana clearly differs from U. andromeda (described below) in the shell shape; the latter has a rectangular posterior margin, and is much less elongated. Also, U. andromeda has a very long anterior margin on the UR. The difference between U. koreana and U. cetus is mostly in the peculiar morphology of the hemipenis in the latter species (see description in the following), as well as in the shell shape (asymmetrical and slightly subtriangular in U. cetus). The Japanese species, U. spinula Smith, 2011 has a very similar shell shape to that of U. koreana with the same type of sexual dimorphism in the shape, ornamentation and length ratio between setae on the terminal segment of L 7, but this species does not have spine-like projections on the prehensile palps and the lobe a on the hemipenis is much thinner, tapering and curving distally. In addition, the posterior seta on the UR is positioned much lower, distal claws are distally curved and the posterior one is shorter than the anterior.	en	Karanovic, Ivana, Cho, Joo-Lae (2017): Phylogenetic position of the East Asian ostracod genus Undulacandona within Candonidae with description of four new species from subterranean waters of Korea. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 181: 98-117
EF79780EFFF7301B977CF0A6FECFFAB6.taxon	description	(FIGS 7, 8) h t t p: / / z o o b a n k. o r g / u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. o r g: a c t: 103776 C 5 - E 945 - 49 B 8 - B 547 - 459 E 097 DEC 16 Holotype: Male, dissected on one slide (NIBRIV 0000243286), shell on SEM stub (NIBRIV 0000243282). Paratypes: Male, dissected on one slide (NIBRIV 0000243287), shell on SEM stub (NIBRIV 0000243282), male with soft parts used for DNA extraction, shell on micropalaeontological slide (NIBRIV 0000243288). All examined material collected from the type locality. Type locality: River interstitial, Wolsong-ri, Jijeongm y e o n, Wo n j u - s i, G a n g w o n - d o, S o u t h K o r e a, 37 ° 22 ʹ 33.7 ″ N 127 ° 51 ʹ 22.6 ″ E, elevation 74 m, 22 May 2015, collector Joo-Lae Cho. Etymology: The species is named after the Greek ruler of the winds, Aeolus, but the name is shared by three mythical characters (Son of Hellen, Son of Poseidon and Son of Hippotes). Diagnosis: Shell ornamented with fine stripes, elongated in lateral view. LV and RV subequal. A 1 five-segmented; A 2 with all three exopodite setae short. Prehensile palps almost symmetrical each basally carrying additional spine-like structure. L 7 with subdivided penultimate segment. UR with short and stout ramus and with long claws; posterior seta situated high on the ramus. Hemipenis with lobe ‘ a’ lower than lobe ‘ h’. Description: Male. L of shell 1 mm. Greatest H situated around middle L, equalling 40 % of L. Valves elongated in lateral view (Fig. 7 A, B). Dorsal margin straight in the middle, slightly inclined towards anterior and much more inclined towards posterior end. Anterior and posterior margins both rounded, anterior wider than posterior. Ventral margin slightly curved. Surface covered with fine stripes (Fig. 7 C, D) and with sensory setae exiting from pores. Pores rimmed. Surface setae of various lengths. Inner calcified lamellae, and line of concrescence narrow (Fig. 8 A, B). A 1 (Fig. 8 C): Same as in U. koreana, posterior margin of the second segment with well-pronounced extension. A 2 (Fig. 8 D): Similar to U. koreana. Aesthetasc Y longer than posterior margin of the first endopodite segment. Md and Mxl: Same as in the previous species. Prehensile palps (Fig. 8 F, G): Almost symmetrical. Both with elongated fingers and long subterminal setae. Also, both carrying a spine-like process proximally on the palp. L 6 (Fig. 8 E): Same as in U. koreana, but terminal claw can be curvy.	en	Karanovic, Ivana, Cho, Joo-Lae (2017): Phylogenetic position of the East Asian ostracod genus Undulacandona within Candonidae with description of four new species from subterranean waters of Korea. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 181: 98-117
EF79780EFFF630189516F71DFA6AF92F.taxon	description	(FIGS 9, 10) h t t p: / / z o o b a n k. o r g / u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. o r g: a c t: D 14 C 8179 - 2683 - 43 DA- 9768 - D 17 D 748 D 8396 H o l o t y p e: F e m a l e, d i s s e c t e d o n o n e s l i d e (N I B R I V 0 0 0 0 2 4 3 2 8 9), s h e l l o n S E M s t u b (NIBRIV 0000243282). Paratypes: Female, soft parts used for DNA extraction, shell on micropalaeontological slide (NIBRIV 0000243290), juvenile female, soft parts used for DNA extraction, shell on micropalaeontological slide (NIBRIV 0000243291), five females in alcohol L 7 (Fig. 8 H): Five-segmented. Penultimate segment incompletely subdivided. Basal segment with all three setae present. Only seta ‘ g’ present. Terminal segment with two short and one long seta. L ratio between two short setae equalling 2: 1. UR (Fig. 8 I): Ramus short, posterior setae situated high on the ramus. Both claws well developed and subequal in L, or anterior slightly shorter than posterior. L ratio between anterior margin of the ramus, anterior claw and posterior claw equalling 1.1: 1: 1.1. Attachment (Fig. 8 J) simple and long. Hemipenis (Fig. 8 K): Lobe h higher than a and stout. Internally canals not coiled. Ejaculatory process bifurcated at the distal part. Description: Female. L of shell 0.6 mm. Greatest H situated behind middle L, equalling 47 % of L. Valves not elongated in lateral view (Fig. 9 A, B). Dorsal margin straight in the middle, broadly rounded towards anterior and inclined towards posterior end. Anterior margin rounded, posterior angular ventral margin straight. Surface covered few fine stripes (Fig. 9 C, D) and with sensory setae exiting from pores. Pores rimmed. Surface setae of various lengths. Inner calcified lamellae and line of concrescence narrow (Fig. 10 A, B). A 1 (Fig. 10 D): Five-segmented and similar to previous species. Extension on the posterior margin of the second segment not clearly visible. (NIBRIV 0000243292). All examined material collected from the type locality. Type locality: River interstitial, Seongdong-ri, Yeongjung-myeon, Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea, 38 ° 00 ′ 45.9 ″ N 127 ° 14 ′ 47.6 ″ E, elevation 73 m, 5 April 2015, collector Joo-Lae Cho. Etymology: The species is named after the Greek mythological character, Andromeda. Diagnosis: Shell very finely ornamented with few stripes LV and RV subequal. Posterior margin angular. A 1 five-segmented; A 2 with all three exopodite setae short. L 7 with incompletely subdivided penultimate segment. UR with short and stout ramus and with long claws, anterior claw shorter than posterior, claws not distally curved; posterior seta situated medially on the ramus, anterior seta very long (exceeding half the length of anterior claw). A 2 (Fig. 10 B): Four-segmented. Exopod consisting of three short setae. Aesthetasc Y very long. Same segment with two setae on postero-distal margin: one long and other very short. Following segment with two postero-medial and three antero-medial setae. Seta z 1 transformed into claw, exceeding distal margin of terminal segment, seta z 2 seta like, z 3 not observed. Claws G 1, G 2, G 3 and GM all long. Gm claw thin but almost as long as GM. Aesthetasc y 3 long. Md, Mxl, L 5 and L 6 (Fig. 10 F) same as in previous species. L 7 (Fig. 10 E): Four-segmented. Penultimate segment incompletely subdivided. Basal segment with all three setae present. Only seta ‘ g’ present. Terminal segment with two short and one long seta. L ratio between two short setae equalling 2.7: 1. UR (Fig. 10 G): Ramus short, posterior setae situated low on the ramus. Both claws well developed, anterior longer than posterior. Anterior setae long, exceeding middle of anterior claw. L ratio between anterior margin of the ramus, anterior claw and posterior claw equalling 1.1: 1: 1.2. Genital filed rounded but with bulging distal end. Male. Not collected. Remarks: Undulacandona andromeda stands apart from other known species by its angular posterior margin and by a very long anterior seta on the UR.	en	Karanovic, Ivana, Cho, Joo-Lae (2017): Phylogenetic position of the East Asian ostracod genus Undulacandona within Candonidae with description of four new species from subterranean waters of Korea. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 181: 98-117
EF79780EFFF5301E95DDF2EDFA4FFEB9.taxon	description	(FIGS 11 – 13) h t t p: / / z o o b a n k. o r g / u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. o r g: a c t: 342 FAC 50 - 916 D- 4 AD 7 - 9 D 6 F-E 9 E 081132118 Type locality: River interstitial, Wolsong-ri, Jijeongm y e o n, Wo n j u - s i, G a n g w o n - d o, S o u t h K o r e a, 37 ° 22 ′ 33.7 ″ N 127 ° 51 ′ 22.6 ″ E, elevation 74 m, 22 May 2015, collector Joo-Lae Cho. Etymology: ‘ Cetus ’ is the Latinized Greek word ‘ ketos’ referring to a (sea) monster that killed Andromeda. Diagnosis: Shell ornamented with fine stripes. LV and RV asymmetrical: LV subtriangular, RV subtrapezoidal. A 1 five-segmented; A 2 with all three exopodite setae short. L 7 with incompletely subdivided penultimate segment. UR with elongated ramus and with curved claws, anterior claw slightly shorter than posterior, claws distally curved; posterior seta situated close to the distal end on the ramus. Hemipenis with lobe ‘ a’ extending laterally. H o l o t y p e: M a l e, d i s s e c t e d o n o n e s l i d e (N I B R I V 0 0 0 0 2 4 3 2 9 2), s h e l l o n S E M s t u b (NIBRIV 0000243282), collected from the type locality. Description: Male. L of shell 0.84 mm. Greatest H situated in front of middle L, equalling 52 % of L on LV (Fig. 11 B) and 47 % on RV (Fig. 11 A). LV subtriangular in lateral view, with dorsal margin arched and sloping towards anterior and posterior ends. Anterior and posterior margins rounded, and equally wide. On RV, dorsal margin flat around middle L, inclined towards posterior and rounded towards anterior end. Posterior margin narrower than anterior one. Ventral margin straight. Surface covered with fine stripes (Fig. 11 C, D) and with sensory setae exiting from pores. Pores rimmed. Surface setae of various lengths. Inner calcified lamellae and line of concrescence narrow (Fig. 12 A, B). A 1 (Fig. 12 D): Five-segmented, same as in other three species. Peculiar extension on posterior margin of the second segment pronounced. A 2 (Fig. 12 C): Penultimate segment subdivided with male sensory bristles. Exopod consisting of three short setae. Endopod five-segmented. Aesthetasc Y slightly longer than posterior margin of the first endopodite segment. Same segment with two setae on postero-distal margin: one long and other very short. Beside large male sexual bristles margin between second and third endopodal segment also with one anterior (short) and one posterior (longer) seta. Claws G 1 and G 3, as well as z 3 seta reduced, while G 2 claw, and z 1 and z 2 setae long and stout. Terminals segment with long Gm and short Gm claw. Aesthetasc y 3 long. Md and Mxl same as in other three species. Prehensile palps (Fig. 12 F, G): Palp developed only on one side of the body. The other (Fig. 12 G) with deformed endopodite. Setae ‘ b’ and ‘ d’ as well as one exopodal seta observed on both L 5 (Fig. 12 H). No spine-like process proximally on the palp. L 6 (Fig. 12 I): Five-segmented. Basal and first endopodal segments without any seta. Second and third endopodal segments with one short seta each. Terminal segment with two short setae and a long, curvy, claw. L 7 (Fig. 12 E): Four-segmented. Penultimate segment incompletely subdivided. Basal segment with all three setae present. Only seta ‘ g’ present. Terminal segment with two short and one long seta. L ratio between two short setae equalling 3: 1. UR (Fig. 13 B) L: Ramus elongated, posterior setae situated close to the distal end on the ramus. Both claws well developed, anterior longer than posterior and both claws curved. Anterior seta reaching only 1 / 3 of anterior claw. L ratio between anterior margin of the ramus, anterior claw, and posterior claw equalling 1.3: 1: 1.1. Attachment short (Fig. 13 C). taken with caution because such case has never been reported in ostracods and may be the result of some abnormality. Due to the fact that we only had a single male, we could not check the variability of this character.	en	Karanovic, Ivana, Cho, Joo-Lae (2017): Phylogenetic position of the East Asian ostracod genus Undulacandona within Candonidae with description of four new species from subterranean waters of Korea. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 181: 98-117
