identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
15379E9148FB508BBF4A7DCE2F09A7F0.text	15379E9148FB508BBF4A7DCE2F09A7F0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hirsutella vermicola M. C. Xiang & Xing Z. Liu	<div><p>Hirsutella vermicola M. C. Xiang &amp; Xing Z. Liu, in Xiang, Yang, Xiao, Liu &amp; Chen, Fungal Diversity 22: 258 (2006)</p><p>Fig. 5</p><p>Description</p><p>(HKAS 132167). Parasitic pupa of  Lepidoptera, buried in soil. Sexual morph not observed in natural substrates. Asexual morph: Synnemata 2–6 cm long, 1–3 mm wide, cylindrical with tapering tip, stipitate, gradually become white or green yellowish to the upper portion, scattered on the insect head, without fertile head. Phialide solitary along synnema, 15.2–25.5 × 1.3–4.8 µm (x – = 20.3 × 3.1 µm, n = 60), solitary, upright, typically cylindrical, with a wider base that gradually narrows towards the top 7.2–15.3 × 2.4–4.8 µm (x – = 11.2 × 3.6 µm, n = 60), tapering into a long neck 7.5–11.5 µm long, has a rough surface, featuring verrucose projections. Conidia 4.6–6.8 × 2.2–3.2 µm (x – = 5.7 × 2.7 µm, n = 60), fusiform or oval, 1 - celled, hyaline.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>China • Guizhou Province, Zunyi City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.388&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.494" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.388/lat 28.494)">Xishui National Nature Reserve</a>, at 1069 masl, 28.494°N, 106.388°E, parasitic on pupa of  Lepidoptera, buried in soil, 10 April 2023, Yu Yang, XS 2310, XS 2311 (HKAS 132167, HKAS 132168)  .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Hirsutella vermicola, introduced by Xiang et al. (2006), was found in bacteria-feeding nematodes in the United States. Phylogenetic analysis showed that our new isolates, HKAS 132167 and HKAS 132168, are nested with  Hirsutella vermicola (CGMCC 3.7877, AS 3.7878, and AS 3.7879) (Fig. 1). Morphologically, our new isolate is almost identical to  Hirsutella vermicola except for the conidia (Xiang et al. 2006). Our new isolate has smaller conidia than the holotype of  H. vermicola (4.6–6.8 µm vs. 6–8 µm) (Xiang et al. 2006). The molecular data of our new isolate (HKAS 132168) are not significantly different from those of  Hirsutella vermicola (CGMCC 3.7877, AS 3.7878, and AS 3.7879). Thus, we identified our new isolate as  H. vermicola . This is the first report of  H. vermicola parasitic on the pupa of  Lepidoptera, which broadens the range of hosts. Furthermore, this is the first report of  H. vermicola in China.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/15379E9148FB508BBF4A7DCE2F09A7F0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yang, Yu;Xiao, Yuan-Pin;S. Jayawardena, Ruvishika;Hyde, Kevin D.;Nilthong, Somrudee;Mapook, Ausana;Lu, Yong-Zhong;Xie, Shu-Qiong;Al-Otibi, Fatimah;Wang, Xiao;Luo, Kang;Luo, Li-Ping	Yang, Yu, Xiao, Yuan-Pin, S. Jayawardena, Ruvishika, Hyde, Kevin D., Nilthong, Somrudee, Mapook, Ausana, Lu, Yong-Zhong, Xie, Shu-Qiong, Al-Otibi, Fatimah, Wang, Xiao, Luo, Kang, Luo, Li-Ping (2025): Three new species of Ophiocordyceps (Hypocreales, Ophiocordycipitaceae) and a new host record for Hirsutella vermicola from China. MycoKeys 117: 289-313, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.117.144875
3A880B70C4AC5A1E91B509090F1FF5C3.text	3A880B70C4AC5A1E91B509090F1FF5C3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophiocordyceps liaoningensis Y. P. Xiao, K. D. Hyde & Y. Yang 2025	<div><p>Ophiocordyceps liaoningensis Y. P. Xiao, K. D. Hyde &amp; Y. Yang sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 2</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The epithet “ liaoningensis ” refers to the type location “ Liaoning Province, China ”.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>China • Liaoning Province, Tieling City, Xifeng County, at 377 masl, 42.653°N, 124.452°E, parasitic on the larva of  Coleoptera, buried in soil, 20 July 2023, Yuanpin Xiao (HKAS 132276).</p><p>Description</p><p>(HKAS 132276). Parasitic on the larva of  Coleoptera ( Elateridae), buried in the soil. Sexual morph: Host 2.0 cm long, 2–4 mm wide, without hyphae on the surface. Stromata 5–6 cm long, 1–3 mm wide, single, stipitate, cylindrical, pale brown, arising from the host head. Fertile head 1–2 cm long, 2–3 mm wide, with superficial perithecia along the surface of the stipe, cylindrical, dark brown, with asexual morph at the apex. Perithecia 310–415 × 170–290 μm (x – = 362.5 × 230 µm, n = 20), superficial, dark brown, ovoid to flask-shaped, thick-walled. Peridium 30–50 µm (x – = 40 µm, n = 30) wide, two layers, textura angularis outer layer to textura porrecta inner layer, outer layer brownish, inner layer hyaline. Asci 205–255 × 7–11 μm (x – = 230 × 9 µm, n = 30), 8 - spored, cylindrical, hyaline, with a thin apex. Apical cap 5.5–6.5 × 3.5–4.7 μm (x – = 6 × 4.1 µm, n = 40), hyaline. Ascospores 150–200 × 2–4 μm (x – = 175 × 3 µm, n = 60), multiseptate, slender filiform, not breaking into secondary ascospores. Asexual morph:  Hymenostilbe - like. Synnemata 0.5 cm long, 0.5–1 mm wide, single, cylindrical, light brown, tapering upwards. Conidiophores 10–28 µm wide (x – = 19 µm, n = 40), usually simple, branched or unbranched, septate, hyaline, bearing conidia. Phialide 15–33 × 3.5–6.5 µm (x – = 24 × 5 µm, n = 40), polyblastic, hyaline, clavate or bottle-shaped, forming a dense palisade layer covering the synnemata. Conidia 5–9 × 4.2–6.4 µm (x – = 7 × 5.3 µm, n = 60), 1 - celled, hyaline, ovoid or subglobose, developing along the tip of the phialide.</p><p>Additional material.</p><p>China • Liaoning Province, Tieling City, Xifeng County, at 394 masl, 42.656°N, 124.449°E, 20 July 2023, Yuanpin Xiao, TL 2356 (HKAS 132189, paratype);  China • Liaoning Province, Tieling City, Xifeng County, at 368 masl, 42.654°N, 124.454°E, 20 July 2023, Yuanpin Xiao, TL 01 (HKAS 132185) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Ophiocordyceps liaoningensis clustered with  O. acicularis in the phylogenetic tree with support (100 % MLBP, 1.00 PP) (Fig. 1). Nucleotide differences of LSU, ITS, tef- 1 α, rpb 1, and rpb 2 sequences of  O. acicularis are 2.09 % (17 / 810), 6.74 % (34 / 504), 6.77 % (63 / 931), 5.61 % (39 / 695), and 9.44 % (105 / 1112), respectively. Morphologically,  Ophiocordyceps acicularis produces shorter perithecia (280 × 250 μm vs. 310–415 μm), longer asci (260–290 × 7–10 μm vs. 205–255 × 7–11 μm), and longer ascospores (150–240 × 3–4 μm vs. 150–200 × 2–4 μm), compared to  O. liaoningensis (Petch 1933).  Ophiocordyceps agriotidis is similar to  O. liaoningensis in having superficial perithecia and multiseptate ascospores. However,  O. agriotidis differs by producing larger perithecia (380–550 × 280–350 μm vs. 310–415 × 170–290 μm) and longer asci (260–280 × 8.5–9.0 μm vs. 205–255 × 7–11 μm) (Kobayasi and Shimizu 1980). Furthermore, the phylogenetic tree clearly distinguishes  O. agriotidis from  O. liaoningensis (Fig. 1). Zha et al. (2021) provided the first comprehensive review of wireworm-infecting  Cordyceps sensu lato species, documenting 27 species within  Ophiocordyceps . These fungi are phylogenetically distinct from  O. liaoningensis . However, eight species were described solely based on morphological characteristics, highlighting the need for further molecular studies to clarify their taxonomic status (Zha et al. 2021). In contrast,  Ophiocordyceps liaoningensis is characterized by superficial perithecia, multiseptate ascospores that do not break into part-spores, bottle-shaped phialides, and ovoid or subglobose conidia (Table 2). Both morphological observation and phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU, ITS, SSU, tef- 1 α, rpb 1, and rpb 2 sequence data support that this fungus is a distinctive species in  Ophiocordyceps .</p><p>The symbol “ — ” means that the data is unavailable.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3A880B70C4AC5A1E91B509090F1FF5C3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yang, Yu;Xiao, Yuan-Pin;S. Jayawardena, Ruvishika;Hyde, Kevin D.;Nilthong, Somrudee;Mapook, Ausana;Lu, Yong-Zhong;Xie, Shu-Qiong;Al-Otibi, Fatimah;Wang, Xiao;Luo, Kang;Luo, Li-Ping	Yang, Yu, Xiao, Yuan-Pin, S. Jayawardena, Ruvishika, Hyde, Kevin D., Nilthong, Somrudee, Mapook, Ausana, Lu, Yong-Zhong, Xie, Shu-Qiong, Al-Otibi, Fatimah, Wang, Xiao, Luo, Kang, Luo, Li-Ping (2025): Three new species of Ophiocordyceps (Hypocreales, Ophiocordycipitaceae) and a new host record for Hirsutella vermicola from China. MycoKeys 117: 289-313, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.117.144875
4F6D2CD557E45FAB96C580A22D51A522.text	4F6D2CD557E45FAB96C580A22D51A522.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophiocordyceps muscidarum Y. P. Xiao, K. D. Hyde & Y. Yang 2025	<div><p>Ophiocordyceps muscidarum Y. P. Xiao, K. D. Hyde &amp; Y. Yang sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 3</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The epithet “ muscidarum ” refers to its host belonging to the family Muscidae (Diptera).</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>China • Liaoning Province, Tieling City, Xifeng County, at 356 masl, 42.663°N, 124.482°E, parasitic on the fly ( Muscidae,  Diptera), collected on a tree stem, 20 July 2023, Yuanpin Xiao (HKAS 132178)  .</p><p>Description</p><p>(HKAS 132178). Parasitic on flies ( Muscidae,  Diptera), collected on a tree stem. Host 6–8 mm long, 3–5 mm wide, without hyphae on the surface. Sexual morph: Stromata 5–7 mm long, 1–4 mm diam., one or several growing from the host prothorax, stipitate, capitate, unbranched, cinnamon to pale yellow. Stipe 3–5 mm long, 1–2 mm diam, cinnamon to pale brown, cylindrical, with a fertile apex. Fertile head hemispherical to globose, 1.5–4 mm, cinnamon to pale yellow, single. Perithecia 570–760 × 190–310 μm (x – = 665 × 250 µm, n = 30), immersed, ovoid to flask-shaped, thick-walled. Peridium 30–50 µm (x – = 40 µm, n = 60) wide, hyaline, three layers: outer layer to textura porrecta, middle layer textura prismatica, inner layer textura angularis. Asci 280–430 × 5.4–7.5 μm (x – = 355 × 6.5 µm, n = 60), 8 - spored, hyaline, cylindrical, with a thick apex. Apical cap 5.2–7.6 × 4.4–5.2 μm (x – = 6.4 × 4.8 µm, n = 60), thick, hyaline. Ascospores as long as asci, filiform, hyaline, easily breaking into part-spores. Secondary ascospores 7–10.5 × 1.6–2.5 μm (x – = 8.8 × 2.1 µm, n = 60) fusiform, 1 - celled, mostly straight, hyaline, smooth-walled. Asexual morph Not observed in natural substrates.</p><p>Additional material.</p><p>China • Liaoning Province, Tieling City, Xifeng County, at 374 masl, 42.665°N, 124.487°E, parasitic on the fly ( Muscidae,  Diptera), collected on a tree stem, 20 July 2023, Yuanpin Xiao TL 2378 (HKAS 132275, paratype)  .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Phylogenetically,  Ophiocordyceps muscidarum is closely related to  O. globiceps, with support (100 % MLBP, 1.00 PP) (Fig. 1). Base pair differences of LSU, ITS, and tef- 1 α sequences of  O. globiceps are 4.14 % (34 / 820), 7.43 % (35 / 471), and 2.17 % (20 / 920), respectively.  O. muscidarum is similar to  O. globiceps in having a fly ( Muscidae,  Diptera) as the host, whereas  O. muscidarum differs from  O. globiceps in having larger perithecia and longer secondary ascospores (Xiao et al. 2019; Table 3). Additionally, several  Ophiocordyceps species exhibit a specific affinity for parasitizing dipteran flies. Notable examples include  Ophiocordyceps dipterigena,  O. globiceps,  O. hemisphaerica, and  O. lacrimoidis, all of which can be distinguished from  O. muscidarum through phylogenetic analyses (Berkeley and Broome 1873; Freire 2015; Hyde et al. 2016; Xiao et al. 2019). Another species,  Ophiocordyceps discoideicapitata, has also been reported to infect flies but lacks molecular data (Kobayasi and Shimizu 1982).  Ophiocordyceps discoideicapitata differs from  O. muscidarum in having smaller perithecia and shorter, cylindrical, truncated secondary ascospores (Kobayasi and Shimizu 1982, Table 3). Based on morphology and phylogeny,  Ophiocordyceps muscidarum is introduced as a new species in  Ophiocordyceps .</p><p>The symbol “ — ” means that the data is unavailable.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4F6D2CD557E45FAB96C580A22D51A522	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yang, Yu;Xiao, Yuan-Pin;S. Jayawardena, Ruvishika;Hyde, Kevin D.;Nilthong, Somrudee;Mapook, Ausana;Lu, Yong-Zhong;Xie, Shu-Qiong;Al-Otibi, Fatimah;Wang, Xiao;Luo, Kang;Luo, Li-Ping	Yang, Yu, Xiao, Yuan-Pin, S. Jayawardena, Ruvishika, Hyde, Kevin D., Nilthong, Somrudee, Mapook, Ausana, Lu, Yong-Zhong, Xie, Shu-Qiong, Al-Otibi, Fatimah, Wang, Xiao, Luo, Kang, Luo, Li-Ping (2025): Three new species of Ophiocordyceps (Hypocreales, Ophiocordycipitaceae) and a new host record for Hirsutella vermicola from China. MycoKeys 117: 289-313, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.117.144875
A99F6CE2710458AB855C7A7313D9BE36.text	A99F6CE2710458AB855C7A7313D9BE36.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophiocordyceps neocommunis Y. Yang, K. D. Hyde & Y. P. Xiao 2025	<div><p>Ophiocordyceps neocommunis Y. Yang, K. D. Hyde &amp; Y. P. Xiao sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 4</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The epithet “ neocommunis ” refers to the new species’ similarity to its close relative, O. communis.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>China • Guizhou Province, Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, Rongjiang County, at 382 masl, 25.934°N, 108.479°E, parasitic on termites in soil, 10 June 2023, Yu Yang (HKAS 132236).</p><p>Description</p><p>(HKAS 132236). Parasitic on termite ( Blattodea: superfamily  Blattoidea), buried in the soil, the synnemata erect in the air. Sexual morph not observed in natural substrates and in culture on PDA. Asexual morph:  Hirsutella - like, the host covered with white mycelium. Synnemata 3–6 cm long, white to yellow bottom to top. Conidiophores absent. Phialides single, borne laterally on synnemata, smooth, hyaline 6.5–12.5 × 3–4.5 µm (x – = 9.5 × 3.8 µm, n = 50), basal part strongly swollen, globose, subglobose, or ellipsoid 4.5–8.5 × 3.5–4.8 µm (x – = 6.5 × 4.2 µm, n = 50), usually tapering abruptly to a slender neck 0.5–1.2 µm diam. Conidia 3.0–5.5 × 2.2–4.2 µm (x – = 4.2 × 3.2 µm, n = 50), 1 - cell, hyaline, oval to teardrop-shaped.</p><p>Cultural characteristics.</p><p>Colonies on PDA grow slowly, reaching 2 cm in diameter after 25 days at 25 ° C, ivory yellow, flat, and closely appressed to the agar surface. Synnemata are produced after 40 days, with the reverse side showing a warm orange. No phialides or conidia found.</p><p>Additional material.</p><p>CHINA, Guizhou Province, Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, Rongjiang County, at 382 masl, 25.934°N, 108.479°E, parasitic on termites in soil, 10 June 2023, Yu Yang, RJ 2363 J (GZCC 24-0158; ex-type living culture) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Ophiocordyceps neocommunis clustered with  O. communis and  Hirsutella minnesotensis in the phylogenetic tree, supported by 100 % MLBP and 1.00 PP (Fig. 1). Notably, the differences between  O. communis and  H. minnesotensis are minimal, as indicated by the short branch length in the phylogenetic tree. However, further evidence is needed to determine whether they represent the same species.  Ophiocordyceps communis shares its host, termites ( Blattodea, superfamily  Blattoidea), with  O. neocommunis but differs in the morphology of its phialides. Specifically,  O. communis produces longer and narrower phialides, as well as longer conidia (Sung et al. 2007 b; Table 4).  Hirsutella minnesotensis is distinct from  O. neocommunis, as it is isolated from second-stage juveniles of the soybean cyst nematode and has longer phialides (9–15 µm vs. 6.5–12.5 µm) (Chen et al. 2000). Comparing the ITS, tef- 1 α, rpb 1, and rpb 2 sequences of  Ophiocordyceps neocommunis and  O. communis revealed 98.83 % (6 bp differences), 97.57 % (22 bp differences), 98.59 % (10 bp differences), and 98.76 % (13 bp differences) sequence similarities, respectively. Comparing the ITS sequences of  Ophiocordyceps neocommunis and  Hirsutella minnesotensis revealed 98.83 % (6 bp differences). Thus, we would like to introduce  Ophiocordyceps neocommunis as a new species based on phylogenetic and morphological analyses.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A99F6CE2710458AB855C7A7313D9BE36	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yang, Yu;Xiao, Yuan-Pin;S. Jayawardena, Ruvishika;Hyde, Kevin D.;Nilthong, Somrudee;Mapook, Ausana;Lu, Yong-Zhong;Xie, Shu-Qiong;Al-Otibi, Fatimah;Wang, Xiao;Luo, Kang;Luo, Li-Ping	Yang, Yu, Xiao, Yuan-Pin, S. Jayawardena, Ruvishika, Hyde, Kevin D., Nilthong, Somrudee, Mapook, Ausana, Lu, Yong-Zhong, Xie, Shu-Qiong, Al-Otibi, Fatimah, Wang, Xiao, Luo, Kang, Luo, Li-Ping (2025): Three new species of Ophiocordyceps (Hypocreales, Ophiocordycipitaceae) and a new host record for Hirsutella vermicola from China. MycoKeys 117: 289-313, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.117.144875
