taxonID	type	description	language	source
D9F1E4D935D0549C864D97E79A292D7F.taxon	description	Figs 3, 4, 5, 6, 7	en	Kato, Makoto, Kawakita, Atsushi (2025): Novel brood-site pollination mutualism between sympetalous Heterosmilax (Smilacaceae, Liliales) and a cecidomyiid gall midge (Cecidomyiidae, Diptera) breeding in fallen male flowers. ZooKeys 1234: 397-416, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1234.146453
D9F1E4D935D0549C864D97E79A292D7F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A small species (wing length 1.2 – 1.5 mm); antenna with 12 – 13 flagellomeres in males, 11 – 12 in females. Eyes holoptic, with a distinct constriction at the middle. Tarsal claws bifid, each strongly curved downward beyond mid length. Male gonostylus basal 1 / 3 swollen, apically forming a dark brown sclerotized claw. Female abdomen with segments 7 – 8 protrusive; extended ovipositor 9 – 10 × as long as 7 th tergite; eighth tergite divided into two separate, narrow longitudinal sclerites, with a pair of anterior granular sensillae. Larva feeds on internal tissue of fallen male flower of Heterosmilax japonica (Smilacaceae).	en	Kato, Makoto, Kawakita, Atsushi (2025): Novel brood-site pollination mutualism between sympetalous Heterosmilax (Smilacaceae, Liliales) and a cecidomyiid gall midge (Cecidomyiidae, Diptera) breeding in fallen male flowers. ZooKeys 1234: 397-416, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1234.146453
D9F1E4D935D0549C864D97E79A292D7F.taxon	description	Description. Adult male (Figs 3, 4): Head (Fig. 3 E, H, M): eyes holoptic, with a distinct constriction at the middle, along the frontal margin around antennae sockets. Eye facets circular; eye bridge 5 – 6 facets long. Antenna (Fig. 3 C): scape and pedicel white and rounded; pedicel 2 / 3 as long as the scape (Fig. 3 H); flagellomeres 12 – 13, brownish, with short, naked neck; neck length about 1 / 4 as long as node; circumfila composed of a continuous sub-basal band joined with a partial subapical band; 13 – 15 long subapical and 12 – 14 short sub-basal setae with enlarged alveoli (Fig. 3 G, J – L). Palpus 4 - segmented; segments 2 – 3 of similar length, 1.7 times as long as the 1 st and 0.66 times as long as the 4 th (Fig. 3 I, M); each segment with several strong setae and covered by brownish scales (Fig. 3 H). Thorax: wing (Fig. 3 B) length 1.3 – 1.4 mm; R 1 joining C before mid-length of wing; R 5 curving anteriorly and joining C before wing apex. M 3 + 4 connected with Cu, forming a fork. Wing membrane with dense, dark microtrichia. Halter brownish. Scutum, scutellum, mediotergite, propleuron, anepisternum, katepisternum, and katatergite brown; other parts whitish (Fig. 3 D). Anepisternum with 5 – 6 setae on dorsal third; anepimeron with 7 – 8 setae; remaining pleura bare. Legs slender and brown, but inner sides paler. Tarsal claws bifid on all legs; each claw strongly curved downward beyond mid-length; empodia as long as tarsal claws (Fig. 3 F). Abdomen: tergites 1 – 6 rectangular, each with a single row of setae along posterior margin and lateral setae, elsewhere mostly covered with brownish scales; 7 th tergite unsclerotized, with a pair of medial setae (Figs 3 D, 4 A); 8 th tergite unsclerotized. Sternites 1 – 7 rectangular, divided transversely, sclerotized as two pigmented transversal bands, each bearing a row of setae; 8 th sternite smaller than others, emarginate posteromedially (Fig. 4 A, B), setulose. Terminalia (Fig. 4 C – G): gonocoxite stout cylindrical, setulose, with setae on apical half and densely setose inward. Gonostylus tapering distally, weakly arched inward, sparsely setulose, apically forming dark-brown sclerotized claw. Mediobasal lobe subdivided, sheathing aedeagus, slightly shorter than aedeagus, densely covered with setulae directed backward. Hypoproct shorter than cerci, with narrow lobes, U-shaped incision about 1 / 3 length of hypoproct, uniformly covered with microtrichia and with one apical seta on each lobe (Fig. 4 G). Cerci ovate, deeply separated, setose distally. Aedeagus with subtriangular apex. Adult female (Figs 5, 6) Head: similar to male except the antenna. Antenna (Fig. 5 C); scape and pedicel pale and rounded, pedicel 2 / 3 as long as scape (Fig. 5 D, G); 11 – 12 flagellomeres (Fig. 4 C), brownish without neck; circumfila composed of a continuous sub-basal band and a partial subapical band joined by two connectives: dorsally with 6 – 7 basal setae with large alveoli; ventrally with 6 – 7 long subapical and 6 – 7 short sub-basal setae with enlarged alveoli (Fig. 5 I, J). Thorax: wing (Fig. 5 E) length 1.2 – 1.5 mm. Wing venation similar to male. Notum pale brown with a pair of dark longitudinal stripes covered by long setae and brownish scales (Fig. 5 C). Legs similar to male (Fig. 5 K). Abdomen: tergites 1 – 6 rectangular, 5 th – 6 th each narrower than the previous one; all with single row of posterior setae, elsewhere mostly covered with scales (Fig. 5 B, D); 7 th tergite narrow, with many setae on posterior margin, covering only the anterior half of 7 th segment; posterior half naked without scale; 8 th tergite divided into two separate, narrow longitudinal sclerites; sclerites slightly divergent anteriorly and subparallel posteriorly, with a pair of anterior granular sensillae (Fig. 5 B). Sternites 1 – 7 rectangular, divided transversely, sclerotized as two pigmented transversal bands, each bearing a row of setae (Fig. 6 C). Long tubular ovipositor, usually housed in segments 6 – 8, but protruding and extended at oviposition (Fig. 6 F, G); extended ovipositor (from base of 8 th segment to cercus apex) 9 – 10 × as long as 7 th tergite. Cerci as long as 7 th tergite, fused medially into a single terminal lamella, evenly microtrichose; hypoproct narrow, microtrichose, with a pair of distal setae (Fig. 6 E). Larva. full-grown larva (Figs 2 H, 7): yellowish white, cylindrical, slightly flattened dorso-ventrally, pointed anteriorly, blunt posteriorly (Fig. 2 H). Head capsule hemispherical, cephalic apodemes about as long as head capsule, antennae about twice as long as wide (Fig. 7 A, B). Sternal spatula anteriorly bidentate with V-shaped emargination, slightly extended laterally just posterior to teeth; length / width ratio is 3 – 4 (Fig. 7 C, D). Thoracic and abdominal segments dorsally with three inner and two outer lateral papillae on each side; each papilla with seta, except the central inner papilla (Fig. 7 A, E). Terminal segment dorsally with eight terminal papillae, each with seta (Fig. 7 E).	en	Kato, Makoto, Kawakita, Atsushi (2025): Novel brood-site pollination mutualism between sympetalous Heterosmilax (Smilacaceae, Liliales) and a cecidomyiid gall midge (Cecidomyiidae, Diptera) breeding in fallen male flowers. ZooKeys 1234: 397-416, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1234.146453
D9F1E4D935D0549C864D97E79A292D7F.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name heterosmilacicola denotes living on Heterosmilax.	en	Kato, Makoto, Kawakita, Atsushi (2025): Novel brood-site pollination mutualism between sympetalous Heterosmilax (Smilacaceae, Liliales) and a cecidomyiid gall midge (Cecidomyiidae, Diptera) breeding in fallen male flowers. ZooKeys 1234: 397-416, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1234.146453
D9F1E4D935D0549C864D97E79A292D7F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Japan: Ryukyu Archipelago.	en	Kato, Makoto, Kawakita, Atsushi (2025): Novel brood-site pollination mutualism between sympetalous Heterosmilax (Smilacaceae, Liliales) and a cecidomyiid gall midge (Cecidomyiidae, Diptera) breeding in fallen male flowers. ZooKeys 1234: 397-416, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1234.146453
