taxonID	type	description	language	source
DC2387ED5829680EFC5D95B2FECB875B.taxon	description	ZooBank: https: // zoobank. org / 1 FF 8 A 590 - F 528 - 4 E 29 - BC 15 - F 44 BF 6 B 53 B 11	en	Laguerre, Michel (2025): New species of Arctiinae east of the Canal Zone, Panama (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini). Faunitaxys 13 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-13(12), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15352472
DC2387ED5829680EFC5D95B2FECB875B.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype, ♂, PANAMA, Panama, LosAltos de Cerro Azul, 14 - XI- 2023, 700 m, 9.2030 ° N 79.4150 ° W, L. & J. Harrison leg., Will be deposited in MNHN. Paratypes (2 ♂, 4 ♀), same locality as holotype, in MLC. - 2 ♂, 13 - VII- 2021, one is dissected Gen. ML 3828 (light-blue manuscript label); - 2 ♀, 13 - XII- 2021 (dissected ML 3882) and 23 - VII- 2021; - 2 ♀ 14 - XI- 2023, D. Herbin leg., (one is dissected ML 3881).	en	Laguerre, Michel (2025): New species of Arctiinae east of the Canal Zone, Panama (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini). Faunitaxys 13 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-13(12), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15352472
DC2387ED5829680EFC5D95B2FECB875B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. – An entirely silky white species, with a thin black line on forewing costa and an orange vertex. Legs annealed with black and orange, forecoxae orange in males. Male (Fig. 2) FWL = 14 - 15 mm. Antennae black, bipectinate. Head with frons and vertex bright orange. Palpi orange. Collar white. Tegulae, patagia and thorax white. Abdomen above covered with dirty white hairs. Forewings entirely silky white with a thin black border along costa. In some specimens a trace of grey shading on the veins terminus below apex. Hindwings entirely silky white. Below forecoxae bright-orange. Fore- and mid-legs with tarsi dark grey, fore- and midfemurs darkgrey annealed with orange, hind-legs dirty white. Abdomen below dirty white. Underside of wings similar to upperside, the forewing costa border wider and the grey shading on the veins below apex more pronounced.	en	Laguerre, Michel (2025): New species of Arctiinae east of the Canal Zone, Panama (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini). Faunitaxys 13 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-13(12), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15352472
DC2387ED5829680EFC5D95B2FECB875B.taxon	description	Genitalia male (Fig. 3) Uncus moderately wide, enlarged at base and then flattened and curved downward. Valvae not reaching the tip of uncus, wider at base then spoon like in the last half with a rounded tip. A translucent and rounded sacculus covered with thin hairs. Juxta conical. Vinculum flat slightly concave without saccus. Aedeagus long, narrow and cylindrical with a pronounced caecum penis. Vesica smooth, bilobed: one short lobe and one very long tube, narrow and cylindrical with a short diverticule near base bearing four teeth at the extremity. Female (Fig. 4). FWL = 16 - 17 mm. Similar to male, slightly larger, with forewings less elongated. Head with frons and vertex yellow. Palpi beige. Forecoxae light yellow. The black costa line is thinner, especially below. The short dark streaks on the forewing preapical termen below are absent. The legs are less contrasted. Genitalia female (Fig. 5) Papillae anales subrectangular, slightly concave in middle. Apophyses anteriores long and thin, apophyses posteriores shorter and wider. Antrum straight, ductus bursae as a flat ribbon, folded in the middle. Bursa copulatrix spherical and wrinkled with two symmetrical signa like a rounded corrugated depression. The bursa copulatrix is linked to an oval accessory bursa by the way of a sclerotized cylindrical tube bent at 90 ° of the ductus bursae and turned on the right in ventral view.	en	Laguerre, Michel (2025): New species of Arctiinae east of the Canal Zone, Panama (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini). Faunitaxys 13 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-13(12), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15352472
DC2387ED5829680EFC5D95B2FECB875B.taxon	etymology	Etymology. – The name xanthopoda derives from the Ancient Greek xanthos (ξανθος) which means yellow and poda (ποδα) which means feet or legs, by reference to the legs characteristic color.	en	Laguerre, Michel (2025): New species of Arctiinae east of the Canal Zone, Panama (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini). Faunitaxys 13 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-13(12), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15352472
DC2387ED5829680EFC5D95B2FECB875B.taxon	biology_ecology	Early stages. – Unknown.	en	Laguerre, Michel (2025): New species of Arctiinae east of the Canal Zone, Panama (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini). Faunitaxys 13 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-13(12), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15352472
DC2387ED5829680EFC5D95B2FECB875B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. – Presently only known from Panama Eastof the Canal Zone at low- to mid-altitudes.	en	Laguerre, Michel (2025): New species of Arctiinae east of the Canal Zone, Panama (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini). Faunitaxys 13 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-13(12), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15352472
DC2387ED582F680DFEBA9655FE9D8438.taxon	description	ZooBank: https: // zoobank. org / 3 F 94 B 251 - C 8 F 8 - 4 D 99 - AD 21 - F 85170 B 7915 F The first contact with this species occurred in 2009 during a visit to the Smithsonian Institution in Washington. A single male specimen was found in a drawer of specimens awaiting study. Since that, no other specimen was found until a first picture received from Panama (see Fig. 6). Finally several male and female specimens were received and this species is in fact a Syntomostola close to S. xanthosoma Dognin, 1912 but clearly undescribed. The species will be described as new below under the name Syntomostola harrisoni sp. n.	en	Laguerre, Michel (2025): New species of Arctiinae east of the Canal Zone, Panama (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini). Faunitaxys 13 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-13(12), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15352472
DC2387ED582F680DFEBA9655FE9D8438.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype, ♂, PANAMA, Panama, Los Altos de Cerro Azul, 14 - XI- 2023, 700 m, 9.2030 ° N 79.4150 ° W, L. & J. Harrison leg., dissected Gen. ML 3959 (light-blue manuscript name). Will be deposited in MNHN. Paratypes (4 ♀), same data as holotype but 08 - IX- 2020, 05 - I- 2021, 24 - II- 2021 and 27 - VI- 2021. In MLC.	en	Laguerre, Michel (2025): New species of Arctiinae east of the Canal Zone, Panama (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini). Faunitaxys 13 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-13(12), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15352472
DC2387ED582F680DFEBA9655FE9D8438.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. – The colour pattern is characteristic and unique. The forewings are bright yellow to orange-yellow basally and then pure black up to the apex. There is a large transparent postmedian transverse band from costa near to tornus, with black veins and a triangular transparent area in cell. The whole body is bright yellow to orange-yellow except the head which is black. The legs are black with yellow forecoxae. Male (Fig. 7) FWL = 14 mm. Antennae thin and long, black and ciliate. Head and palpi entirely black. Proboscis brown. Collar, patagia, tegulae, thorax and abdomen entirely yellow or orange-yellow. Forewings elongated, yellow or orange-yellow basally, then black up to the apex. A large transverse band from costa to near tornus, transparent crossed by black veins. A triangular transparent area on cell crossed by a black vein. Costa black except base which is yellow. Hindwings semi-oval, elongated vertically, the basal two-thirds yellow, the outer third black with an irregular internal border. Underside identical to upperside. The forecoxae hairy and yellow, the legs black. Abdomen underside yellow.	en	Laguerre, Michel (2025): New species of Arctiinae east of the Canal Zone, Panama (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini). Faunitaxys 13 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-13(12), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15352472
DC2387ED582F680DFEBA9655FE9D8438.taxon	description	Genitalia male (Fig. 8) Genitalia slightly asymmetrical, the majority of the genital capsule is covered with thin and short hairs. Uncus in frontal view as a very narrow oval, with a dorsal process shaped as a short blade. On the tegumen, above uncus and on each side a digitate process pointing frontally with a rounded tip. Valvae outreaching the uncus and processes, narrow with a rounded extremity. Near base a strong sclerotized torn. Juxta bulbous. Vinculum evenly rounded with a very narrow pointed saccus turn to left in ventral view. Aedeagus cylindrical, bent at 90 ° in the last half. A short caecum penis is present. Vesica with a unique tubular and scobinate lobe turned at 180 ° and terminated by a long and narrow tube. Female (Fig. 9) FWL = 14 - 15 mm. Similar to male with rounder forewings. Hindwings are not elongated vertically. The forewing costa is more yellow basally. On the hindwings the black border is wider and the yellow colour is restrained to the base of the wings.	en	Laguerre, Michel (2025): New species of Arctiinae east of the Canal Zone, Panama (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini). Faunitaxys 13 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-13(12), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15352472
DC2387ED582F680DFEBA9655FE9D8438.taxon	etymology	Etymology. – By reference to Linda and Jerry Harrison who provided the totality of the type series.	en	Laguerre, Michel (2025): New species of Arctiinae east of the Canal Zone, Panama (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini). Faunitaxys 13 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-13(12), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15352472
DC2387ED582F680DFEBA9655FE9D8438.taxon	biology_ecology	Early stages. – Unknown.	en	Laguerre, Michel (2025): New species of Arctiinae east of the Canal Zone, Panama (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini). Faunitaxys 13 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-13(12), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15352472
DC2387ED582F680DFEBA9655FE9D8438.taxon	distribution	Distribution. – Presently known only from Panama at low to mid-altitudes. Except the present species, the genus Syntomostola contains two more species: S. xanthosoma Dognin, 1912 described from Colombia, Medina (holotype ♂ in USNM) and S. semiflava Dognin, 1923 described from High Amazon, Brazil (holotype ♂ in USNM). The two types were dissected by Watson in 1971 (plate 138) and the two dissections appear similar but in the absence of any specimen of S. semiflava we maintain the status quo. A specimen from Cundinamarca, Colombia (Amazonian foothills at 500 m) was sequenced and its sequence (reference MILA 2332) aligns with several species of Trichromia or Haemanota, so confirming it belongs to the Phaegopterina subtribe. It is interesting to note that Draudt in Seitz described in 1915 a female of the same species in the Ctenuchina subtribe under the name Xantharete stellans. The type locality, Colombia, Rio Negro is coherent with the sequenced specimen. So we will have Syntomostola xanthosoma Dognin, 1912 = Xantharete stellans Draudt, 1915, syn. nov. Moreover as Xantharete is a monospecific genus we will have also Syntomostola Dognin, 1912 = Xantharete Draudt, 1915 syn. nov.	en	Laguerre, Michel (2025): New species of Arctiinae east of the Canal Zone, Panama (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini). Faunitaxys 13 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-13(12), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15352472
DC2387ED582D680CFEAF9572FC0A8950.taxon	description	ZooBank: https: // zoobank. org / 5 FAB 1 EF 3 - 24 F 6 - 4 CC 2 - 848 C- 2 E 7 F 64 A 44 D 13 In the material received we found several specimens of a Pseudosphex species very similar to P. fulvisphex (Druce, 1898) but some differences in the habitus clearly justify a careful study (see below Fig. 10). After dissection, it appears that, even if the external appearance is very close to Pseudosphex fulvisphex, the male genitalia surprisingly display a pattern similar to those of Pseudosphex aequalis (Walker, [1865]) despite different habitus. Nevertheless, the genitalia are divergent enough to consider this entity as new and it will be described below under the name Pseudosphex lindae sp. nov.	en	Laguerre, Michel (2025): New species of Arctiinae east of the Canal Zone, Panama (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini). Faunitaxys 13 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-13(12), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15352472
DC2387ED582D680CFEAF9572FC0A8950.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype, ♂, PANAMA, Panama, Los Altos de Cerro Azul, 27 - XII- 2020, 700 m, 9.2030 ° N 79.4150 ° W, L. & J. Harrison leg., dissected Gen. ML 3856 (light-blue manuscript label). Will be deposited in MNHN. Paratypes (3 ♀), same data as holotype but 05 - V- 2023 (dissected ML 3829, not shown), 28 - III- 2023 and 17 - VIII- 2023. In MLC.	en	Laguerre, Michel (2025): New species of Arctiinae east of the Canal Zone, Panama (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini). Faunitaxys 13 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-13(12), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15352472
DC2387ED582D680CFEAF9572FC0A8950.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. – Species wasp mimic, very close to Pseudosphex fulvisphex. Wings entirely transparent with black veins. Costa orange and a thin black border enlarged at apex on forewings only. Male (Fig. 11) FWL = 12 mm. Antennae black with long ciliae in the basal two-thirds, scape black with an orangedot. Head, frons and vertex yellow. Ablack transverse line before collar. Patagia orange with a central black bar. Tegulae orange with a central black band. Thorax dark orange with a thin median black line and two transverse black bands, one just after the patagia, the second in middle position. Abdomen upperside orange, the two first segments pale yellow with a thin central black line. Ablack spot on each side of the first segment. The remaining segments orange with a transverse black band just after the yellow segments. Forewingsentirely transparent with black veins. Athin black border enlarged at apex. Costa orange from base to just before apex. Internal border orange fading toward tornus. Hindwings entirely transparent with very thin black border and orange costa. Underside: palpi, forecoxae legs and abdomen underside orange. Genitalia male (Fig. 12) Uncus wide at base, evenly bent ventrally, finishing with a sclerotized pointed tip. Valvae subrectangular with a pointed triangular extremity. Just above this extremity a very long and narrow arched process largely outreaching the tip of uncus. This process displays a ventral slightly crenulated carina. Presence of a slightly sclerotized subscaphium. Juxta shaped as a tongue reaching the base of uncus. Vinculum curved with a long saccus with a rounded tip. Aedeagus long, cylindrical and narrow, smoothly bent at 90 ° in the last half. Vesica smooth with a long unique lobe bent at 180 ° and terminated with a long and narrow tube.	en	Laguerre, Michel (2025): New species of Arctiinae east of the Canal Zone, Panama (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini). Faunitaxys 13 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-13(12), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15352472
DC2387ED582D680CFEAF9572FC0A8950.taxon	description	Female (Fig. 13) FWL = 13 - 14 mm. Similar to male. Slightly larger and the black border on wings is wider. The antennae have very short ciliae.	en	Laguerre, Michel (2025): New species of Arctiinae east of the Canal Zone, Panama (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini). Faunitaxys 13 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-13(12), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15352472
DC2387ED582D680CFEAF9572FC0A8950.taxon	etymology	Etymology. – By reference to Linda Harrison who, with husband Jerry, provided almost the totality of the material at the base of this study.	en	Laguerre, Michel (2025): New species of Arctiinae east of the Canal Zone, Panama (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini). Faunitaxys 13 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-13(12), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15352472
DC2387ED582D680CFEAF9572FC0A8950.taxon	biology_ecology	Early stages. – Unknown.	en	Laguerre, Michel (2025): New species of Arctiinae east of the Canal Zone, Panama (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini). Faunitaxys 13 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-13(12), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15352472
DC2387ED582D680CFEAF9572FC0A8950.taxon	distribution	Distribution. – Presently only known from Panama around the Canal Zone.	en	Laguerre, Michel (2025): New species of Arctiinae east of the Canal Zone, Panama (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini). Faunitaxys 13 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-13(12), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15352472
DC2387ED58236800FEBF925AFEFF8333.taxon	description	ZooBank: https: // zoobank. org / FD 45 E 11 F- 4 AB 3 - 4 FEC- 8 EEB- 55 D 0412 A 2545 In the material received, there was a series of a small yellow Pseudalus of the leos / affinis group. The genus Pseudalus Schaus, 1896, contains now eight species and one subspecies and is largely neglected presently. The specimens collected in Panama have an external appearance similar to the type of P. affinis Rothschild, 1933 (NHMUK) and a specimen collected in the Cerro Hoya National Park was sequenced. Only 17 Pseudalus sequences were found in BOLD and the resulting Maximum Likelihood tree is shown below (Fig. 14). It then appears that the Pseudalus from Panama aligns at 7.3 % from Pseudalus leos occidentalis Rothschild, 1909, from Peru (Cusco) and at 10.9 % from two specimens of Pseudalus affinis, from French Guiana. So clearly the Panama specimens represent a totally different species despite very similar habitus and they will be described as new below under the name Pseudalus panamensis sp. nov.	en	Laguerre, Michel (2025): New species of Arctiinae east of the Canal Zone, Panama (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini). Faunitaxys 13 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-13(12), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15352472
DC2387ED58236800FEBF925AFEFF8333.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype, ♂, PANAMA, Panama, Los Altos de Cerro Azul, 05 - XII- 2021, 700 m, 9.2030 ° N 79.4150 ° W, L. & J. Harrison leg., dissected Gen. ML 3879 (light-blue manuscript label). Will be deposited in MNHN. Paratypes (2 ♂), same data as holotype but 04 and 05 - XII- 2021. In MLC.	en	Laguerre, Michel (2025): New species of Arctiinae east of the Canal Zone, Panama (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini). Faunitaxys 13 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-13(12), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15352472
DC2387ED58236800FEBF925AFEFF8333.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. – A small yellow moth with two reddish-brown transverse lines on forewings, one weak and antemedian, the second postmedian not reaching exactly the apex and a tiny dot at the end of the cell.	en	Laguerre, Michel (2025): New species of Arctiinae east of the Canal Zone, Panama (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini). Faunitaxys 13 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-13(12), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15352472
DC2387ED58236800FEBF925AFEFF8333.taxon	description	Male (Fig. 15) FWL = 11 - 12 mm. Antennae short and ciliate, dark yellow. Head, frons and vertex yellowish orange. Palpi brownish orange. Collar, patagia, tegulae, thorax and abdomen upperside yellowish. A vertical orange streak on thorax. Forewings yellow with two transverse reddish brown lines. The first one weak in antemedian position, the second postmedian, clear-cut, from middle of internal border to near apex. A tiny brownish-red dot at the end of cell. Hindwings plain yellow. Underside identical to upperside. The two transverse lines are indistinct, the first one generally absent, the second blurred and faded, the cell dot visible. Forecoxae, legs and abdomen underside brownish yellow. Genitalia male (Fig. 16) Extremely similar to the genitalia of Pseudalus affinis from French Guiana (see Fig. 17 below). Genital capsule very elongated vertically. Uncus large and hemispherical, slightly tightened at base, then narrow and compressed laterally, strongly hooked at tip. On the tegumen, above uncus and on each side, a short digitate process pointing frontally. Valvae just reaching the tip of uncus, subrectangular at base then narrowed and finishing as a blunt and thin blade. Juxta rhomboid. Vinculum evenly rounded with a triangular pointed saccus. Aedeagus narrow and cylindrical slightly curved toward extremity. A short caecum penis present. Vesica bilobed. A first lobe at 90 °, short with a strongly scobinate and denticulate tip. A second lobe longer at 180 ° with a scobinate extremity bent toward the aedeagus. Just before this extremity a small digitate diverticule adorned with small teeth.	en	Laguerre, Michel (2025): New species of Arctiinae east of the Canal Zone, Panama (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini). Faunitaxys 13 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-13(12), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15352472
DC2387ED58236800FEBF925AFEFF8333.taxon	etymology	Etymology. – By reference to the locality of the type series.	en	Laguerre, Michel (2025): New species of Arctiinae east of the Canal Zone, Panama (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini). Faunitaxys 13 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-13(12), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15352472
DC2387ED58236800FEBF925AFEFF8333.taxon	biology_ecology	Early stages. – Unknown.	en	Laguerre, Michel (2025): New species of Arctiinae east of the Canal Zone, Panama (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini). Faunitaxys 13 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-13(12), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15352472
DC2387ED58236800FEBF925AFEFF8333.taxon	distribution	Distribution. – Presently only known from Panama around the Canal Zone. It is rather surprising to notice that the genus Pseudalus is presently classified within the sub-tribe Arctiina, whereas in a general tree of more than 15,000 Neotropical Arctiinae sequences, the genus is a close neighbour of the genus Neidalia Hampson, 1901, classified at the beginning of the sub-tribe Phaegopterina. The two genera align also close to Hyperthaema Schaus, 1901, Rhodorhipha Laguerre, 2018 or some Zatrephes Hübner, [1819]. So clearly Pseudalus is a member of the subtribe Phaegopterina, so we will have Pseudalus comb. nov. Phaegopterina. Moreover in this tree the genus Neidalia seems polyphyletic and is split into two clusters by the genus Pseudalus, but this problem is outside the scope of this paper and will be treated elsewhere.	en	Laguerre, Michel (2025): New species of Arctiinae east of the Canal Zone, Panama (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini). Faunitaxys 13 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-13(12), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15352472
DC2387ED58216800FFF6927CFE5E8515.taxon	description	This group is problematic as, in BOLD, for specimens externally identical we have three clusters: one in Central America and two in French Guiana. There are also specimens from South-East Brazil but they were not sequenced. T. leucoplaga was described from Saint Laurent du Maroni in French Guiana but we have two sequences in French Guiana at a minimum distance of 7.1 % (see simplified tree Fig. 18 below) and as the type was neither dissected nor sequenced we don't know which of the two species present in French Guiana is the true T. leucoplaga. Nevertheless the species from Central America which is respectively at 2.8 % and 6.7 % from the two species from French Guiana is surely new and will be described below under the name Trichromia croceicervix sp. n.	en	Laguerre, Michel (2025): New species of Arctiinae east of the Canal Zone, Panama (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini). Faunitaxys 13 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-13(12), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15352472
DC2387ED58216807FC5990EAFD42859D.taxon	description	ZooBank: https: // zoobank. org / 435 A 5403 - B 72 D- 444 F- 930 B- 60 FB 01216572	en	Laguerre, Michel (2025): New species of Arctiinae east of the Canal Zone, Panama (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini). Faunitaxys 13 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-13(12), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15352472
DC2387ED58216807FC5990EAFD42859D.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype, ♂, PANAMA, Panama, Los Altos de Cerro Azul, 03 - I- 2021, 700 m, 9.2030 ° N 79.4150 ° W, L. & J. Harrison leg., dissected Gen. ML 3855 (ligh-blue manuscript label). Will be deposited in MNHN. Paratypes. In MLC. - PANAMA, 1 ♂, same data as holotype but 06 - I- 2021. - NICARAGUA, 2 ♂, Granada, Volcan Mombacho, Cutirre, 20 - I- 2004, 687 m, J. M. Maes leg. One is dissected Gen. ML 767 (white manuscript label), the second is sequenced Process ID ARCTD 086 - 11, BOLD ID MILA 1591 (yellow printed label).	en	Laguerre, Michel (2025): New species of Arctiinae east of the Canal Zone, Panama (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini). Faunitaxys 13 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-13(12), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15352472
DC2387ED58216807FC5990EAFD42859D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. – A species identical to Trichromialeucoplaga and impossible to distinguish by the external appearance only. Male (Fig. 19). FWL = 15 - 16 mm. Almost impossible to distinguish from Trichromia leucoplaga from French Guiana. Nevertheless seems slightly larger and more robust: wingspan 32 - 33 mm against 29 - 30 mm for specimens from French Guiana. The vertex seems more orange, generally almosttotally pale ochreous brown in T. leucoplaga excepta thinorangebandnearcollar. Underside thelast third of the abdomen is washed with orange which is not the case in T. leucoplaga.	en	Laguerre, Michel (2025): New species of Arctiinae east of the Canal Zone, Panama (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini). Faunitaxys 13 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-13(12), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15352472
DC2387ED58216807FC5990EAFD42859D.taxon	description	Genitalia male (Fig. 20) Extremely homogeneous in the group and almost impossible to differentiate. Genital capsule subrectangular. Uncus long and narrow with a bifid extremity. On the tegumen, above uncus and on each side a strong sclerotized curved process pointing inward. The two processes cross slightly just above uncus. Their extremity is strongly narrowed at the end finishing as a long spine. The terminal part is denticulate frontally. Valvae reach the tip of uncus. They are subquadrate at base then narrowed and subrectangular. The tip is evenly curved. Juxta short as a narrow triangle. Vinculum flat with a blade like saccus with a rounded tip and bent toward the left in ventral view. Aedeagus long, narrow and cylindrical with a short caecum penis. Vesica, short, multilobed, slightly scobinate.	en	Laguerre, Michel (2025): New species of Arctiinae east of the Canal Zone, Panama (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini). Faunitaxys 13 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-13(12), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15352472
DC2387ED58216807FC5990EAFD42859D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. – From croceus which means yellow-orange and cervix which means here vertex, by reference to the colour of the vertex.	en	Laguerre, Michel (2025): New species of Arctiinae east of the Canal Zone, Panama (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini). Faunitaxys 13 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-13(12), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15352472
DC2387ED58216807FC5990EAFD42859D.taxon	biology_ecology	Early stages. – Unknown.	en	Laguerre, Michel (2025): New species of Arctiinae east of the Canal Zone, Panama (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini). Faunitaxys 13 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-13(12), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15352472
DC2387ED58216807FC5990EAFD42859D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. – Presently known from Nicaragua to Eastern Panama.	en	Laguerre, Michel (2025): New species of Arctiinae east of the Canal Zone, Panama (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini). Faunitaxys 13 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-13(12), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15352472
DC2387ED58266807FFF69494FEE8879D.taxon	description	Very recently various forms of Pryteria from the Guiano-Amazonian area were synonymised under the unique name Pryteria costata Möschler, 1883, (Cock & Laguerre, 2021 page 259). Nevertheless, at that time, it was not possible to fix the exact status of the entity found in Central America and along the Pacific Coast due to the absence of specimen for dissection or sequencing. Fortunately in the material received, we found a pair of Pryteria and the male was then dissected. The genitalia from Panama and from French Guiana (see figure 21 below) are different enough to prove that the entity found in Central America and along the Pacific Coast is a full species and this confirms the name and status of this entity already predicted in Cock & Laguerre, 2021: Pryteria colombiana Rothschild, 1933 bona species which is redescribed below. The pair collected in Panama is constituted of two un-named forms: the ♂ form is close to form tenuis Rothschild, 1935 and the ♀ form is close to the form apicella (Strand, 1919) of Pryteria costata Möschler, 1883.	en	Laguerre, Michel (2025): New species of Arctiinae east of the Canal Zone, Panama (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini). Faunitaxys 13 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-13(12), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15352472
DC2387ED58266805FF7B969AFD2E8390.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined (in MLC) - 1 ♂, PANAMA, Panama, Los Altos de Cerro Azul, 14 - XI- 2023, 700 m, 9.2030 ° N 79.4150 ° W, L. & J. Harrison leg., dissected Gen. ML 3848 (ligh-blue manuscript label). - 1 ♀, same data but 15 - XI- 2023.	en	Laguerre, Michel (2025): New species of Arctiinae east of the Canal Zone, Panama (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini). Faunitaxys 13 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-13(12), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15352472
DC2387ED58266805FF7B969AFD2E8390.taxon	description	Male (Fig. 22) FWL = 15 mm. The male morph dissected is close to form tenuis described from Belize. The forewings are pure white with two black bands. One follows the internal margin from base to tornus and the second is transverse from mid-costa to tornus. This last band is noticeably wider than the same in tenuis. The hindwings are entirely ivory except the anal margin which is widely blackish. Genitalia male (Fig. 23) Genital capsule slightly asymmetrical, robust and well sclerotized. Uncus strongly sclerotized flattened with a longitudinal carina. Valvae strongly sclerotized in their terminal half, clearly outreaching the tip of uncus. The right one is narrower than the left one and slightly shorter. The two are strongly bent inward and narrowed in their terminal half. Their blunt and rounded tips are in a close vicinity above uncus. Juxta concave in middle. Vinculum evenly rounded with a rounded triangular saccus. In P. costata the uncus is shorter and shaped as a straight and pointed triangle. Aedeagus short, straight and cylindrical with a prominent caecum penis. Vesicaunilobed, bent at 180 ° and coveredbyspiculesand tinycornuti are present near the extremity. Female (Fig. 24) FWL = 17 mm. Morph close to morph apicella of Pryteria costata. The only difference is the total absence of blackish streaks in the apical area of forewings. The yellow lateral markings on abdomen are almost continuous whereas they are fragmented in apicella.	en	Laguerre, Michel (2025): New species of Arctiinae east of the Canal Zone, Panama (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini). Faunitaxys 13 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-13(12), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15352472
DC2387ED58246805FFF6929EFBAD80A0.taxon	description	Dyar described Pheia stratiotes in 1914 on a single specimen from Trinidad River, Canal Zone, Panama which displays yellow vertex and basal forewings spots and in 1920 Schaus described Sphecosoma roseipuncta from a specimen from Cayuga, Guatemala with orange vertex and basal forewings spots. In his description he said " very much like stratiotes. " I have sequenced two specimens: one ♀ with yellow spots from Guatemala and one ♂ with orange spots from Western Ecuador and they align at less than 0.5 %, so roseipuncta is merely a synonym of stratiotes (Fig. 25). A second specimen from Western Ecuador with orange spots confirms the identity of the sequences. Nevertheless in BOLD the two align close to Sphecosoma from French Guiana and not at all with Pheia species. Therefore I shallfollow Schaus and choose Sphecosoma for the genusand we will have Sphecosoma stratiotes (Dyar, 1914) comb. nov. = Sphecosoma roseipuncta Schaus, 1920 syn. nov.	en	Laguerre, Michel (2025): New species of Arctiinae east of the Canal Zone, Panama (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini). Faunitaxys 13 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-13(12), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15352472
DC2387ED58246805FFF6929EFBAD80A0.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined - 1 ♂, PANAMA, Panama, Los Altos de Cerro Azul, 24 - X- 2021, 700 m, 9.2030 ° N 79.4150 ° W, L. & J. Harrison leg., FWL = 10 mm. - 1 ♀, GUATEMALA, Izabal, Finca Firmeza, 18 - V- 2007, 680 m, 15 ° 22.894 ' N 88 ° 43.039 ' W, M. Laguerre leg., sequenced Process ID ARCTC 851 - 11, BOLD ID MILA 1313 (yellow printed label). In MLC. - 1 ♂, ECUADOR, Esmeraldas, 8.7 km NW Lita, 25 - X- 2021, 707 m, V. Doroschkin leg., sequenced Process ID MIAPD 1779 - 22, BOLD ID Bc-Her 5944. In VDC. - 1 ♂, ECUADOR, Esmeraldas, Canandé Reserve, 30 - X- 2021, 314 m, 0.526675 ° N 79.20475 ° W, G. Brehm leg., sequenced ProcessID NUTRI 4225 - 22, BOLD ID EcEs- 0140. In PMJ.	en	Laguerre, Michel (2025): New species of Arctiinae east of the Canal Zone, Panama (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini). Faunitaxys 13 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-13(12), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15352472
DC2387ED58246804FC8891EEFBEB80A0.taxon	description	The genus Marecidia was described briefly by SCHAUS in 1901 to integrate his new species Marecidia sanguipuncta collected in Santa Catarina State in South-East Brazil. In 1939, FORBES, in his study of Barro Colorado Island in the Canal Zone, Panama, elaborated the description by SCHAUS and added a second species, Marecidia achrysa. These two species appear to be rather uncommon and almost nothing is known of their bionomics. Moreover, since their description no other specimen has been reported. The genus is well characterized in male by the dilated hind tibiae associated with the presence of an androconial pouch. Fortunately enough, I have received very recently some specimens of these poorly known species from western Ecuador and from Panama. It then appears that the locality of M. sanguipuncta is very likely doubtful. No specimen has been reported from S. E. Brazil but we have seen some specimens collected in Ecuador by V. Doroschkin. Moreover I have seen two similar specimens collected by G. Brehm's team in Western Ecuador, in Esmeraldas, on the road down from Lita to the Pacific Coast. These specimens are identical to the Schaus' original description but some species described by this author, allegedly from Rio de Janeiro, have in fact wrong localities. For instance Chrysochloe sylva (Schaus, 1896) described from Rio has never been collected in this area, but the species is rather common in the Andes Cordillera between 1500 and 2500 m. It is very likely the same situation for Marecidia sanguipuncta which has been collected in Western Ecuador, North and West of Lita. On Fig 26, M. achrysa from Panama differs essentially from M. sanguipuncta from western Ecuador by the larger size of the red spot at the forewing basis. This is clearly notified in the original description of Forbes. A specimen of M. sanguipuncta fromWesternEcuador was sequenced and its sequence aligns at 4 - 4.2 % from severalspecimens from Peru of the recently described Marecidia oedemeriformis Laguerre, 2022 (BIN BOLD: AAG 6243). Unfortunately we have not seen males of M. sanguipuncta from western Ecuador, and up to now we are unable to affirmif achrysa and sanguipuncta are conspecific or not and so we maintain the status quo.	en	Laguerre, Michel (2025): New species of Arctiinae east of the Canal Zone, Panama (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini). Faunitaxys 13 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-13(12), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15352472
DC2387ED58246804FC8891EEFBEB80A0.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined - 1 ♂, PANAMA, Panama, Los Altos de Cerro Azul, 29 - I- 2022, 700 m, 9.2030 ° N 79.4150 ° W, L. & J. Harrison leg., dissected Gen. ML 3958 (light-blue manuscript label), FWL = 14 mm. - 1 ♀, same data but 2 - II- 2022, FWL = 15 mm. - 1 ♀, ECUADOR, Esmeraldas, 17 km N Lita, 20 - XI- 2021, 651 m, V. Doroschkin leg. In MLC. - 1 ♀, ECUADOR, Esmeraldas, 17 km N Lita, 20 - XI- 2021, 651 m, V. Doroschkin leg., sequenced Process ID MIAPD 1773 - 22, BOLD ID Bc-Her 5938. In VDC. - 1 ♂, ECUADOR, Esmeraldas, Canandé Reserve, 24 - IV- 2022, 255 m, 0.552253 ° N 79.1375 ° W, U. Diniz & D. Bottger leg. - 1 ♀, same locality, but 25 - X- 2024, 243 m, 0.543056 ° N 79.1533 ° W, D. Rabl leg. Both in PMJ.	en	Laguerre, Michel (2025): New species of Arctiinae east of the Canal Zone, Panama (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini). Faunitaxys 13 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-13(12), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15352472
DC2387ED58246804FC8891EEFBEB80A0.taxon	description	Genitalia male (Fig. 27) Genital capsule complex. Uncus narrow and evenly bent downwards with a pointed tip. On the tegumen on each side of the uncus a rounded shoulder. Valvae divided in two parts. Ventrally an elongated and translucent lobe covered with thin hairs reaching almost the tip of uncus. Dorsally a narrow and shorter process, bifid at the extremity and narrowed at two thirds. An arched, narrow and long process starting from the base of valvae and largely outreaching the tip of uncus. This process ends with a lanceolate and pointed extremity, denticulate on side. Vinculum convex with a short pointed triangular saccus. Aedeagus short, cylindrical, slightly bent with a single lobed vesica covered with spicules.	en	Laguerre, Michel (2025): New species of Arctiinae east of the Canal Zone, Panama (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini). Faunitaxys 13 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-13(12), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15352472
DC2387ED5825681BFC8891EEFDE687DD.taxon	description	In 1909, Rothschild described Automolis persimilis from Peru, La Oroya, R. Inambari (lectotype ♂ in NHMUK) and in the same paper he described the ssp marginata from Costa Rica, Tuis (lectotype ♂ in NHMUK). In 1975 Watson transferred these two entities within the genus Rhipha Walker, 1854 (Watson, 1975 p. 91). In the Catalogue published in 2014 these two entities were considered as synonyms. One male specimen was found in the material received from Panama (see ♂ below Fig. 28 and ♂ genitalia Fig. 29). The genitalia are identical to the dissection of the lectotype of marginata provided by A. Watson in NHMUK (reference 1686). Unfortunately the genitalia are very homogeneous in this group and it is not possible to confirm that marginata is a synonym or a subspecies of persimilis and not a full species. Only sequencing will be able to solve this problem.	en	Laguerre, Michel (2025): New species of Arctiinae east of the Canal Zone, Panama (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini). Faunitaxys 13 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-13(12), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15352472
DC2387ED5825681BFC8891EEFDE687DD.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined - 1 ♂. PANAMA, Panama, Los Altos de Cerro Azul, 05 - VIII- 2023, 700 m, 9.2030 ° N 79.4150 ° W, L. & J. Harrison leg., dissected Gen. ML 3958 (light-blue manuscript label). In MLC. FWL = 14 mm.	en	Laguerre, Michel (2025): New species of Arctiinae east of the Canal Zone, Panama (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini). Faunitaxys 13 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-13(12), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15352472
DC2387ED5825681BFC8891EEFDE687DD.taxon	description	Genitalia male (Fig. 29) Genital capsule slightly assymetrical not unlike the male genitalia of Pseudalus: right valva slightly longer and less curved than left valva. Uncus bent at 90 ° downward with two dorsal carinae fused at tip. Tegumen flat on each side of the uncus. Valvae large at base then strongly narrowed in the last half, finishing as a narrow and pointed arm. The right one is longer and weakly bent inward, the left one is shorter and more strongly bent inward. Juxta ovoid. Vinculum evenly rounded with a long and narrow pointed saccus. Aedeagus straight, narrow and cylindrical. Caecum penis present. Vesica with a single lobe shaped as a tongue turned at 180 ° and covered with tiny spicules.	en	Laguerre, Michel (2025): New species of Arctiinae east of the Canal Zone, Panama (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini). Faunitaxys 13 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-13(12), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15352472
DC2387ED583A681BFFF696D9FD718938.taxon	description	Within the material received, a single Regobarrosia was found. In fact no species of this genus has been reported from Central America and this specimen represents maybe a new species (see Fig. 30). Unfortunately it is a female and, in the absence of a sequence or subsequent male genitalia, it is impossible to establish its exact status.	en	Laguerre, Michel (2025): New species of Arctiinae east of the Canal Zone, Panama (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini). Faunitaxys 13 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-13(12), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15352472
DC2387ED583A681BFFF696D9FD718938.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined - 1 ♀. PANAMA, Panama, Los Altos de Cerro Azul, 19 - III- 2023, 700 m, 9.2030 ° N 79.4150 ° W, L. & J. Harrison leg., in MLC. FWL = 15 mm.	en	Laguerre, Michel (2025): New species of Arctiinae east of the Canal Zone, Panama (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini). Faunitaxys 13 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-13(12), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15352472
DC2387ED583A681AFC889511FE9384B0.taxon	description	Among the material received from Panama, there was a male specimen of the genus Hyperthaema Schaus, 1901 (see Fig. 31). This specimen resembles H. haemacta Schaus, 1901 described from Costa Rica, Cartago, El Sitio (lectotype in USNM). The specimen was dissected and its genitalia were compared to the lectotype dissection made by Alan Watson (Watson, 1971, Pl. 156, reference AW 255) thus confirming the identity of the specimen. A picture of the fresh specimen along with a description of its genitalia are provided below (Fig. 32).	en	Laguerre, Michel (2025): New species of Arctiinae east of the Canal Zone, Panama (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini). Faunitaxys 13 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-13(12), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15352472
DC2387ED583A681AFC889511FE9384B0.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined - 1 ♂, PANAMA, Panama, Los Altos de Cerro Azul, 11 - XI- 2023, 700 m, 9.2030 ° N 79.4150 ° W, D. Herbin leg., dissected Gen. ML 3831 (light-blue manuscript label). In MLC. FWL = 16 mm.	en	Laguerre, Michel (2025): New species of Arctiinae east of the Canal Zone, Panama (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini). Faunitaxys 13 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-13(12), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15352472
DC2387ED583A681AFC889511FE9384B0.taxon	description	Genitalia male (Fig. 32) Genital capsule assymetrical, right valva longer than left valva. Uncus short, well sclerotized bent downward with a blunt tip. Below uncus a subquadrate structure (maybe two fused socii). The valvae are long, outreaching the tip of uncus. Their base is large, then they are divided into two parts: one ventral narrow and elongated and one dorsal spatulated at tip. The right valva is longer than the left one, the ventral part is narrow and slightly bent dorsally, longer than the dorsal part which is straight and spatulated at tip. For the left valva, the two parts are subequal and shorter than the right ones. The ventral one isnarrower and straight, the dorsal one is larger, straight and spatulated at tip. Juxta subrectangular divided vertically by a cleft. Vinculum and saccus shaped as a pointed triangle slightly bent to the left in ventral view. Aedeagus straight, narrow and cylindrical. Vesica smooth, perpendicular to the aedeagus with one lobe on each side. Below is included a list of some interesting material collected in the same area in Panama. The list is presently far from being exhaustive and more interesting species will very likely be discovered with time.	en	Laguerre, Michel (2025): New species of Arctiinae east of the Canal Zone, Panama (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini). Faunitaxys 13 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-13(12), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15352472
