identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
F167DE901FBC58EC8A41506F9CE3A065.text	F167DE901FBC58EC8A41506F9CE3A065.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lestrolepis japonica (Tanaka 1908)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Lestrolepis japonica (Tanaka, 1908)</p>
            <p>Figs 1, 3, Table 2</p>
            <p> Lestidium japonicum Tanaka, 1908: 27 (type locality: Sagami Sea, Japan); Jordan et al. 1913: 50 (Sagami Sea, Japan; list); Okada and Matsubara 1938: 61 (Sagami Sea, Japan; key); Matsubara 1941: 8 (in part: Japan); Matsubara 1955: 262 (in part: Sagami Sea, Wakayama and Mie, Suruga Bay, Japan; key); Matsubara 1963: 262 (in part: Sagami Sea, Wakayama and Mie, Suruga Bay, Japan; key).</p>
            <p> Lestrolepis intermedia (non Poey, 1868): Fujii in Masuda et al. 1984: 77 (Japan; short description); Chen and Yu 1986: 324 (Taiwan; synopsis); Nakabo 1993: 319 (Japan, picture key); Shinohara et al. 1996: 164 (Honshu; list); Nakabo 2000: 371 (Japan, picture key); Nakabo 2002: 371 (Japan, picture key); Shinohara et al. 2005: 409 (Ryukus Is.; list); Kim et al. 2007: 63 (Korea; new record); Ikeda and Nakabo 2015: 312 (Japan; short description). </p>
            <p> Lestrolepis nigroventralis Ho, Tsai &amp; Li, 2019: 123 (type locality: off Dong-gang, Pingtung, southwestern Taiwan).</p>
            <p>Status of the holotype.</p>
            <p> Tanaka (1908) indicated that the holotype of his  Lestidium japonicum was registered as 2013 (now ZMUT 2013) with a length of 174 mm SL, and the paratype (in the Table, without a catalog number) was 190 mm SL. Regardless, Harry (1953 a) gave the holotype as ZMUT 2014, and the paratype as ZMUT 2013. Notwithstanding, Post (1972) documented the types and recognized ZMUT 2013 as the holotype and ZMUT 2014 as the paratype. We examined both types and re-measured the holotype (ZMUT 2013) as 159.5 mm SL and the paratype (ZMUT 2014) as approximately 180 mm SL, the latter being in poor condition. </p>
            <p>Synonym name.</p>
            <p> Lestrolepis nigroventralis was described to accommodate the Pacific population of  L. intermedia . However, because of its nearly identical morphology (Table 2), it is now recognized here as a junior synonym of  L. japonica . The following data are mainly derived from types and non-types of  L. nigroventralis , combined with the type series examined by us. </p>
            <p>Distinguishing features.</p>
            <p> A species of  Lestrolepis with DFO situated at about midline of V – A, V – D 46.8–55.0 % of V – A; anal-fin rays 41–43 (mainly 41–42); lateral-line scales: PVLL 33–36 (34–35), PDLL 43–46 (44–46), PALL 53–57 (55–56), TLL 75–81 (77–80); vertebral counts: PHV 32–35 (mainly 32–34), PVV 33–35 (34–35), PDV 43–46 (44–45), PAV 53–57 (54–55), CV 60–66 (61–64), TV 94–98 (94–97); vertebrae between DFO and VFO 9–11. Body slender, body depth at pectoral-fin base 15–19 times in SL; band of melanophores along abdominal margin. Attains 249 mm SL. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Known from the northwestern Pacific Ocean off Japan, Taiwan, and Korea. Records from other localities require verification.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The taxonomic concept of what has long been called  Lestrolepis japonica is now revised based on the type series and additional specimens. A review of the literature with documentation of  L. japonica is listed in the synonymy above, although there might be more records that are not included therein. Detailed comparisons with congeners are provided in Ho et al. (2019 a, as  L. nigroventralis ). </p>
            <p>There are some minor differences found in the types compared to the non-types (Table 2). The head length is slightly larger (20.9–21.1 %, vs 18.9–20.7 % SL); the predorsal length is slightly larger in the holotype (63.7 %, vs 61.7–63.3 % SL; not available for the paratype); the eye diameter is slightly larger (17.9–20.1 %, vs 14.8–17.3 % HL); the upper jaw of the holotype is slightly longer (51.4 %, vs 47.2–50.4 % HL). These proportional measurements may be attributed either to population variation or due to long-term preservation of the types. The meristic values of types fall entirely within the range of non-types (Table 2).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F167DE901FBC58EC8A41506F9CE3A065	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Ho, Hsuan-Ching;Kawai, Toshio	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Kawai, Toshio (2024): Verification of two barracudina species Lestrolepis japonica (Tanaka, 1908) and L. philippina (Fowler, 1934) (Aulopiformes, Paralepididae). ZooKeys 1220: 79-92, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1220.125860
C7778AD4FCF057A781E9F050C47F842C.text	C7778AD4FCF057A781E9F050C47F842C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lestrolepis philippina Fowler 1934	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Lestrolepis philippina Fowler, 1934</p>
            <p>Figs 2, 4, Table 2</p>
            <p> Paralepis philippinus Fowler, 1934: 281, fig. 42 (type locality: Varadero Harbor, Philippines).</p>
            <p> Lestidium japonicum (not of Tanaka): Matsubara 1941: 8 (in part: Japan); Matsubara 1955: 262 (in part: Sagami Sea, Wakayama and Mie, Suruga Bay, Japan; key); Matsubara 1963: 262 (in part: Sagami Sea, Wakayama and Mie, Suruga Bay, Japan; key). </p>
            <p> Lestrolepis japonica (not of Tanaka): Fujii in Masuda et al. 1984: 77 (Japan; short description); Nakabo 2000: 371 (Japan; picture key); Paxton in Randall and Lim 2000: 592; Nakabo 2002: 371 (Japan; key); Shinohara et al. 2005: 409 (Honshu; list); Kim et al. 2007: 64 (Korea; new record); Ikeda and Nakabo 2015: 312 (Japan; short description); Motomura et al. 2017: 51; Ho and Golani 2019: 578 (mentioned); Ho et al. 2019 a: 127 (Taiwan and Japan; description); Kim et al. 2020: 67; Misawa et al. 2020: 273. </p>
            <p>Taxonomy.</p>
            <p> Fowler (1934) originally described  Lestrolepis philippina from the Philippines. Subsequently, Harry (1953 a) synonymized  L. philippina with  L. japonica , providing a description based on the type series of  L. japonica ,  L. philippina , and additional specimens. Although the name  L. philippina was not mentioned in subsequent literature, it is likely that many records recognized as  L. japonica are, in fact, misidentifications of  L. philippina . In a more recent study, Ho et al. (2019 a) presented a detailed description of what was previously identified as  L. japonica , now re-identified as  L. philippina . </p>
            <p>Distinguished features.</p>
            <p> A species of  Lestrolepis with DFO situated well before midline of V – A, V – D 32.5–43.1 % of V – A; anal-fin rays 36–40 (mainly 37–39); lateral-line scales: PVLL 30–32 (31), PDLL 38–40 (38–39), PALL 49–51, TLL 65–72 (65–68); vertebral counts: PHV 29–32, PVV 30–33 (30–32), PDV 36–40 (37–40), PAV 48–51, CV 52–58 (54–57), TV 82–88 (84–88); vertebrae between DFO and VFO 5–9 (7–8). Body moderately slender, body depth at pectoral-fin base 13–16 times in SL; narrow band of melanophores along abdominal margin. Attains 222 mm SL. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Widespread in the western Pacific Ocean, with confirmed records from Japan, Taiwan, the Philippines, northwestern Australia, and the South China Sea.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p>Some minor differences are observed between the holotype and non-types (Table 2). The predorsal length (58.8 %, vs 60.2–63.5 % SL), preventral length (51.2 %, vs 52.3–55.2 % SL), and preanal length (72.8 %, vs 75.8–76.6 % SL) are slightly smaller in the holotype compared to paratypes and non-types. The head depth is slightly larger (30.9 % SL) compared to that of paratypes and non-types (27.8–30.8 % SL). These differences may be attributed to individual variation or long-term preservation effects. The meristic values of the type series fall well within those of the non-types (Table 2).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C7778AD4FCF057A781E9F050C47F842C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Ho, Hsuan-Ching;Kawai, Toshio	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Kawai, Toshio (2024): Verification of two barracudina species Lestrolepis japonica (Tanaka, 1908) and L. philippina (Fowler, 1934) (Aulopiformes, Paralepididae). ZooKeys 1220: 79-92, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1220.125860
