identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
DA1887B1FFB3FF872CD0FA95FC38F81B.text	DA1887B1FFB3FF872CD0FA95FC38F81B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hygromia (Hygromia) Risso 1826	<div><p>Hygromia (Hygromia) Risso, 1826</p><p>Subgenus Hygromia s.s. is characterized by a thin and translucent shell with a sharp keel at the periphery which coincides with a distinct paler band; umbilicus closed. Genitalia with two sacs of equal size, outer holding twisted dart; joint length of bursa copulatrix and its duct short; total length of flagellum, epiphallus, and penis short.</p><p>Type species: Helio cinctella Draparnaud, 1801 by subsequent designation by Herrmannsen 1847: 547.</p><p>Hygromia (Hygromia) cinctella (Draparnaud, 1801)</p><p>Helio cinctella Draparnaud, 1801: 87 . Type locality: ‘Lyon’. Syntype NHMW/MO/14820 (Fig. 5A).</p><p>Description</p><p>Shell width 9.8–13.6 mm, shell height 6.7–8.5 mm, whorls 5.2–5.6. Other measurements are shown in Table 1. Shell thin and translucent; its shape sometimes roundly trochiform with a distinct paler band (50% cases) coinciding a characteristic sharp keel at the periphery. Aperture simple, lacking a lip. Umbilicus closed. Tis study recorded the largest shell diameter to date in the specimen from northern France (13.6 mm); shell width: 10–12 mm in Welter-Schultes (2012), 8.5–9.5 mm in Gural-Sverlova and Andrik (2023). Sculpture unevenly developed: growth lines and ridges more distinct on the upper side (Fig. 13).</p><p>Reproductive tract of eight specimens examined agrees with those from various localities of H. cinctella (see Giusti and Manganelli 1987, Prieto and Puente 1992, Schileyko 2006, Dedov et al. 2015). Love dart small, c. 2.5 mm long, twisted (Fig. 21A–B). Shell and genitalia features are presented in Table 2.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Reported from across the Mediterranean and temperate Europe by Welter-Schultes (2012) and Proćków et al. (2019 and references cited therein), subsequently new records supplemented by Čejka et al. (2020) and Gural-Sverlova and Andrik (2023). Terefore, known from France, the Iberian and Italian Peninsulas, the Balkans, the British Isles, and scatered in some countries in north-western (Belgium, the Netherlands) and Central Europe (Austria, Germany, Switzerland, Czechia, Hungary) to Ukraine in the east. Introduced to New Zealand (Walton 2017). In this study, 18 populations were examined (Supporting Information, Table S1; Fig. 1).</p><p>Habitat</p><p>Open areas, among low shrubs and herbs, ofen in cool and humid places such as river banks and valleys; as a synanthrope at roadsides and in disturbed environments (Welter-Schultes 2012). In this study, it was found in similar natural and more or less human-impacted habitats.</p><p>Hygromia (Riedelia) Schileyko, 1972</p><p>Subgenus Riedelia Schileyko, 1972 has a more or less sub-globose shell of differing size with the periphery variously developed: rounded or slightly angled to slightly or clearly keeled, most ofen with a paler band. Genitalia are characterized by two sacs, the external (dart) sac more slender than the internal (accessory) sac; arched or slightly twisted dart; bursa copulatrix and its duct jointly long; total length of flagellum, epiphallus, and penis very long.</p><p>Type species: Helio limbata Draparnaud, 1805 by original designation</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DA1887B1FFB3FF872CD0FA95FC38F81B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Proćków, Małgorzata;Zając-Garlacz, Kamila S.;Bertrand, Alain	Proćków, Małgorzata, Zając-Garlacz, Kamila S., Bertrand, Alain (2025): When morphology meets molecules: diversity of dart-bearing Hygromia Risso, 1826 land snails (Gastropoda: Hygromiidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204 (1), DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf003, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf003
DA1887B1FFB6FF8D2F65F9B9FAF1F9D6.text	DA1887B1FFB6FF8D2F65F9B9FAF1F9D6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hygromia (Riedelia) limbata subsp. hylonomia (Bourguignat 1882)	<div><p>Hygromia (Riedelia) limbata hylonomia (Bourguignat, 1882)</p><p>(Fig. 7; Supporting Information, Figs S6–S 7)</p><p>Helio hylonomia Bourguignat, 1882: 69, 315. Type locality: ‘Lourdes, dans les Hautes-Pyrénées; Lormont, près Bordeaux, dans la Gironde; vallée du Clain, près Poitiers, dans la Vienne’.</p><p>Type material: Te best-preserved specimen from Loudes is designated here as the lectotype MHNG-MOLL-116265 (Fig. 7A), and two remaining specimens become paralectotypes. Hereby the type locality of H. hylonomia is restricted to Lourdes as the topotypes from Lormont genetically belong to H. limbata s.s. and those from Poitiers were not examined, but could presumably represent H. sublimbata . Since we provisionally synonymized H. veprium Bourguignat, 1882 with H. limbata, it was necessary to give H. hylonomia Bourguignat, 1882 priority over H. veprium Bourguignat, 1882 to avoid H. veprium threatening the use of H. hylonomia in the future if it should turn out to be a synonym of H. hylonomia .</p><p>Description</p><p>Shell width 11.5–15 mm, shell height 7.7–10.9 mm, whorls 5.1– 6.6. Other measurements are presented in Table 1. Shell shape from lenticular, as in the syntype, to globose. Convex spire with a prominent apex. Last whorl slightly or clearly keeled, usually with light band. Aperture moderately oblique with reflected whitish or pinkish lip. Umbilicus variously developed from completely closed (20% of cases) to open (46.5%) or at least partly covered (33.5%) by columellar margin. Shell sculpture unevenly disposed usually in a form of dense ridges (Fig. 15A–D). Love dart thin, long (5 mm), and clearly curved with the crown only slightly expanded (Fig. 21 I-K). Shell and genitalia features are presented in Table 2.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>In this study, recorded in Lourdes (the type locality) and the nearby mountains in the French central Pyrenees as well as one population in England (Devon), altogether including eight populations (Supporting Information, Table S 1; Fig. 1) .</p><p>Habitat</p><p>Found in France in humid and rocky habitats in high mountain valleys at altitudes of 400–1420 m a.s.l. (Supporting Information, Fig. S8). Te English population comes from a highly artificial environment, a small domestic garden with a litle shade .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DA1887B1FFB6FF8D2F65F9B9FAF1F9D6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Proćków, Małgorzata;Zając-Garlacz, Kamila S.;Bertrand, Alain	Proćków, Małgorzata, Zając-Garlacz, Kamila S., Bertrand, Alain (2025): When morphology meets molecules: diversity of dart-bearing Hygromia Risso, 1826 land snails (Gastropoda: Hygromiidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204 (1), DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf003, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf003
DA1887B1FFB2FF822CDDF8EDFB4AF9E5.text	DA1887B1FFB2FF822CDDF8EDFB4AF9E5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hygromia (Riedelia) limbata subsp. limbata (Draparnaud 1805)	<div><p>Hygromia (Riedelia) limbata limbata (Draparnaud, 1805)</p><p>(Figs 5–6; Supporting Information, Fig. S6)</p><p>Helio limbata Draparnaud, 1805: 100 . Type locality: ‘dans l’Agénois, et dans le Sorézois’.</p><p>Type material: One of the three syntypes (NHMW /MO/14821) was selected and designated as a lectotype. Tis is most probably the specimen illustrated by Draparnaud (1805: plate VI, fig. 29), having a characteristic white band, also visible inside the aperture (Fig. 5B). Two remaining specimens become paralectotypes (Fig. 5D–E). Te type locality cannot be specified further (see labels Fig. 5B) .</p><p>Helio odeca Bourguignat, 1882: 69, 314–315. Type locality: ‘Hendaye et Bayonne, dans les Basses-Pyrénées; vallée du Clain, près de Poitiers, dans la Vienne (col. Bourguignat)’.</p><p>Type material: Te well-preserved specimen from Hendaye was selected and designated as a lectotype MHNG-MOLL-116286 (Fig. 6A). Te second specimen is the paralectotype. Te type locality is restricted to Hendaye.</p><p>? Helio veprium Bourguignat, 1882: 67, 314. Type locality: ‘Eaux-Bonnes, dans les Basses Pyrénées; Ascros, au-dessus de Roquesteron, dans les Alpes-Maritimes (col. Bourguignat)’. Type material: It is likely that this nominal taxon includes several species because Bourguignat in Locard (1882) based it on specimens from two different geographical regions. In one of them, Alpes-Maritimes, Riedelia species do not occur. Terefore, in order to fix the application of the name, the preserved syntype, originating from Eaux-Bonnes, is designated here as a lectotype MHNG-MOLL-116240 (Fig. 8A) and the type locality is restricted to Eaux-Bonnes.</p><p>Description</p><p>Shell width 10.9–17.7 mm, shell height 7.8–12.8 mm, whorls 5.2–6.6. Other measurements are presented in Table 1. Shell shape sub-globose with a varying height of spire, may be translucent. Last whorl slightly keeled, ofen with a light spiral band at the periphery. Aperture slightly reflected with a whitish or pinkish lip. Umbilicus usually partly (65.5% of cases) or completely (29.9%) covered by a reflected columellar margin; if open very narrow. Sculpture unevenly developed: ridges less visible on the lower side than on the upper side, where they have a different density (Fig. 14). Love dart long, about 4–5 mm, arched (Fig. 21C–F). Shell and genitalia features are presented in Table 2.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Tis study verified the occurrence of the species in northern Spain, and southern, south-western, and northern France, including 42 populations in total (Supporting Information, Table S1; Fig. 1).</p><p>Habitat</p><p>According to Welter-Schultes (2012), habitats include forests, shrubs, and hedges in lower vegetation. Also found in moist, grassy habitats among herbage and ground liter in gardens and other disturbed places. Likewise, our samples were from such habitats, usually from semi-open, but also open and shaded places. Twenty-nine populations were found in natural or seminatural habitats and 11 in artificial environments, at altitudes from sea level to more than 1500 m a.s.l.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DA1887B1FFB2FF822CDDF8EDFB4AF9E5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Proćków, Małgorzata;Zając-Garlacz, Kamila S.;Bertrand, Alain	Proćków, Małgorzata, Zając-Garlacz, Kamila S., Bertrand, Alain (2025): When morphology meets molecules: diversity of dart-bearing Hygromia Risso, 1826 land snails (Gastropoda: Hygromiidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204 (1), DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf003, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf003
DA1887B1FFB9FF892FD7F94BFEE3FBC5.text	DA1887B1FFB9FF892FD7F94BFEE3FBC5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hygromia (Riedelia) tassyi (Bourguignat 1884)	<div><p>Hygromia (Riedelia) tassyi (Bourguignat, 1884)</p><p>(Fig. 10; Supporting Information, Fig. S9)</p><p>Helio tassyi Bourguignat, 1884: 357 . Type locality: ‘dans la vallée de Vicdessos, sur les rochers humides des contreforts du pic de Montcalm, au-dessus du village d’Auzat (Ariège)’. Syntype MHNG-MOLL-116290 (Fig. 10A).</p><p>Hygromia gofasi Prieto &amp; Puente, 1992 . Type locality: ‘ Santuario de Meritxell (Andorra, CH8412, 1600m)’. Holotype (Fig. 10D).</p><p>Diversity of dart-bearing Hygromia Risso, 1826 land snails • 27</p><p>Description</p><p>Shell width 9.4–12.1 mm, shell height 6.3–8.1 mm, whorls 5.1–6. Other measurements are presented in Table 1. Shell subdepressed to globose, very fragile. Whorls with moderate suture, slowly increasing. Last whorl rounded or slightly angulated; very occasionally with a fine whitish band at the periphery. Aperture slightly oblique with a whitish lip; reflected, completely covering or largely covering the umbilicus. Shell surface finely striated with curved ridges usually forming minute crescents, in places irregularly disposed (Fig. 16). Love dart small, about 3 mm long, slightly twisted (Fig. 21J). Shell and genitalia features are presented in Table 2.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>In this study, verified as endemics restricted to the type localities and adjacent areas in the Mediterranean Pyrenees, including five populations in the French department of Ariège and in Andorra (Supporting Information, Table S1; Fig. 1).</p><p>Habitat</p><p>Found in high mountain valleys above 900 m a.s.l. in humid and rocky habitats.</p><p>Hygromia (Riedelia) pyrenaica sp. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 9; Supporting Information, Fig. S11)</p><p>ZooBank registration urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1648CC42- 3C12-40C4-9E2E-94FE6E7AF5A2</p><p>Type material: Holotype (Fig. 9A): France, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=1.3969444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.803333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 1.3969444/lat 42.803333)">Occitanie</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=1.3969444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.803333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 1.3969444/lat 42.803333)">Ariège</a>: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=1.3969444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.803333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 1.3969444/lat 42.803333)">Freychinède</a>, Suc-et-Sentenac, 42°48′12′′N, 01°23′49′′E, 1535 m a.s.l., 01.05.2021, leg. A. Bertrand. Measurements: shell width 12.9 mm, shell height 9.2 mm, aperture width 7.9 mm, aperture height 5.1 mm, number of whorls 6. It is deposited in the Museum of Natural History, Wrocław, Poland, signature: MNHW-1532. Extraction voucher number: MNHW F.Fr _45 (DNA isolate Hygr59). GenBank number of sequence of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI): PQ067981, 16S ribosomal RNA (16S): PQ129257, ITS2 + 28S rRNA: PQ162550.</p><p>Paratypes: One adult specimen in alcohol (voucher number: MNHW F.Fr _46, DNA isolate: Hygr 59), in the collection of the Museum of Natural History, Wrocław . Additional material examined is detailed in Supporting Information, Table S1.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Due to the occurrence in the Pyrenees.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>In terms of shell size and shape, as well as colour polymorphism, it most closely resembles H. tassyi . Te most characteristic features are poorly developed ridges, present between grow lines only on the upper surface of the shell (Fig. 15E–H) and the fragile love dart, which is slightly curved, slender, and only a litle expanded at the base (Fig. 21K).</p><p>Genetic differential diagnosis. Uncorrected p-distances between H. pyrenaica and other congeners are as follows (Supporting Information, Tables S3–S4):</p><p>(i) COI: 17.79% difference with H. cinctella, 14.04% with H. limbata s.s., 12.74% with H. l. hylonomia, 11.97% with H. sublimbata, 15.58% with H. tassyi, and 15.87% with Hygromia sp. -PAL.</p><p>(ii) 16S rRNA: 24.6% difference with H. cinctella, 12.48% with H. limbata s.s., 10.91% with H. l. hylonomia, 11.07% with Hygromia sp. -EP, 13.48% with H. tassyi, and 11.46% with Hygromia sp. -PAL.</p><p>Description</p><p>Shell width 11.6–13.3 mm, shell height 7.8–9.2 mm, whorls 5.5–6. Other measurements are presented in Table 1. Shell shape sub-globose. Convex spire with prominent apex. Whorls separated by distinct suture. Last whorl slightly angulated; light band always present. Aperture moderately oblique with whitish lip. Umbilicus covered by reflected columellar margin. Sculpture characterized by less distinct ridges, developed in between grow lines only on the upper side of the shell (Fig. 15E–H). Love dart of medium length (3.5 mm), slender and fragile, slightly curved, only gently expanded at the base (Fig. 21K). Shell and genitalia features are presented in Table 2.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Live snails recorded from two sites in the French central Pyrenees, Ariège department (Freychinède and Col d’Agnes, Supporting Information, Table S1; Fig. 1).</p><p>Habitat</p><p>Beech forest in the karst landscape at c. 1500 m a.s.l. (Supporting Information, Fig. S12).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DA1887B1FFB9FF892FD7F94BFEE3FBC5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Proćków, Małgorzata;Zając-Garlacz, Kamila S.;Bertrand, Alain	Proćków, Małgorzata, Zając-Garlacz, Kamila S., Bertrand, Alain (2025): When morphology meets molecules: diversity of dart-bearing Hygromia Risso, 1826 land snails (Gastropoda: Hygromiidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204 (1), DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf003, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf003
