taxonID	type	description	language	source
CD5C87958D5DFFE7C1A041B58D79FF08.taxon	materials_examined	Type species = Dasyspora gregaria (Kunze) Henn. Hedwigia 35: 231 (1896). SURINAM, on X. cayennensis (det. D. M. Johnson), leg. & exsicc. Weigelt 1827, determ. Kunze (B 70 0014139). Literature with description and illustration of the genus: Berkeley & Curtis (1853), Cummins & Hiratsuka (2003), Carvalho Júnior & Hennen (2023).	en	Gomes, Gardênia Figueiredo, Sotão, Helen Maria Pontes, Dealmeida, Layse Barreto, França, Isadora Fernandes De, Monteiro, Josiane Santana (2025): Dasyspora (Pucciniales) on Xylopia in the Amazon, with new distribution records for Brazil. Phytotaxa 697 (1): 68-82, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.697.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.697.1.4
CD5C87958D5CFFE2C1A047718F88FE2C.taxon	description	≡ Sartvellia foveolata (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) Berk. Introduction to Cryptogamic Botany, London: 318, fig. 72 a (1857), illegitimate name. Spermogonia subepidermal, group VI, type 5. Aecia and uredinia unknown. Telia abaxial on leaves, erumpent, dark brown, densely aggregated in yellowish and bleached spots arranged in concentric circles or scattered (1 – 7 × 1 – 5 mm). Paraphyses rare, peripheral, clavate at the tips (26 – 28 × 2 – 4 µm). Teliospores 2 - celled, ellipsoid (27.5 – 32.5 × 15 – 25 µm), septum transverse, lateral wall ornamented with hemispherical warts (1 – 2 µm), forming a smooth band (3 – 5 µm in medium focus); apical and basal rod-like projections branched at the tip (3.5 – 13 × 1 – 2 µm); pedicel fragile, hyaline, usually brittle. Specimens examined: — BRAZIL. AMAPÁ: Macapá, Parque Zoobotânico, on X. cayennensis, 06 October 1987, J. F. Hennen & Sotão 87 - 05 (MG 173294, PUR 89746); 16 June 1994, Sotão et al. (MG 180441); Serra do Navio, J. F. Hennen & Sotão, 08 January 1990 90 - 32 (MG 173306); PARÁ: Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã, on X. cayennensis, 05 October 2003, Cardoso et al. (MG 171766); RONDÔNIA: Vilhena, Fazenda Vilhena do Pensamento, on X. aromatica, 27 May 1997, I. S. Miranda & P. J. D. Silva 1532 (MG 159620).	en	Gomes, Gardênia Figueiredo, Sotão, Helen Maria Pontes, Dealmeida, Layse Barreto, França, Isadora Fernandes De, Monteiro, Josiane Santana (2025): Dasyspora (Pucciniales) on Xylopia in the Amazon, with new distribution records for Brazil. Phytotaxa 697 (1): 68-82, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.697.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.697.1.4
CD5C87958D5CFFE2C1A047718F88FE2C.taxon	biology_ecology	Host and distribution in South America: — On leaves of X. aromatica and X. cayennensis; Surinam, French Guiana, and Brazil (Amapá, Pará) (Sotão et al. 2006, Beenken et al. 2012). In this paper, we present a new record for the state of Rondônia.	en	Gomes, Gardênia Figueiredo, Sotão, Helen Maria Pontes, Dealmeida, Layse Barreto, França, Isadora Fernandes De, Monteiro, Josiane Santana (2025): Dasyspora (Pucciniales) on Xylopia in the Amazon, with new distribution records for Brazil. Phytotaxa 697 (1): 68-82, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.697.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.697.1.4
CD5C87958D5CFFE2C1A047718F88FE2C.taxon	discussion	Comments: The type species, D. gregaria (Hennings 1896), has sustained the species complex for many years; however, Beenken et al. (2012) separated it into 11 species, well supported by both molecular and morphological analyses. The phylogenetic proposal by Beenken et al. (2012) supports two clades: D. gregaria, comprising three recognized species (D. echinata, D. gregaria, and D. segregaria), and D. winteri, with eight species [D. amazonica, D. emarginatae Beenken, D. ferrugineae, D. frutescentis Beenken, D. guianensis Beenken, D. mesoamericana Beenken, D. nitidae and D. winteri (Pazschke) Beenken]. All these species have a known distribution in the tropics of the American continent, with the exception of D. mesoamericana which is restricted to Central America; the other species were cited to occur in South America. Among these, six species were cited for Brazil (D. amazonica, D. echinata, D. emarginatae, D. frutescentis, D. gregaria, and D. winteri); among them, D. amazonica and D. gregaria were specifically cited for the Brazilian Amazon (Beenken et al. 2012, Carvalho Júnior & Hennen 2023). These species are very similar in their general morphological characteristics, due to the symptoms they cause in the hosts and the morphology of the telia and teliospores, which makes it difficult to separate them. Recognition of the clades is primarily based on the ornamentation of the spore wall (warts) and the arrangement of warts on the lateral wall and in the septum region. In the clade Dasyspora gregaria, the species present hemispherical or conical ornamentations arranged in a more disordered or irregular manner, not distinctly lined in the septum region, while species of the clade Dasyspora winteri present verrucose ornamentation, with polygonal to sub-polygonal and flattened shapes on the lateral wall, forming two distinct rows in the septum region (Beenken et al. 2012). The species D. gregaria differs morphologically from the other species of the genus by having a well-differentiated smooth area on the teliospore wall, in the septum region, forming a 3 – 5 µm thick band, and the ornamentations on the lateral wall are of the hemispherical warty type, with apical and basal projections greater in length (3.5 – 13 × 1 – 2 µm) in relation to other species. The similarity of this species with D. segregaria makes it very difficult to separate the two species based on morphology (Beenken et al. 2012), but in this study, it was observed through OM and SEM that the smooth area in the septum region of D. segregaria is smaller (1 – 2 µm) than that seen in D. gregaria, a characteristic that can also be observed in the illustrations by Beenken et al. (2012). Beenken et al. (2012) treat these two species as cryptic, and their study provides strong support for this classification. They used only the host plant in their identification key to differentiate D. segregaria (X. aromatica) from D. gregaria (X. cayennensis). However, in the present study, X. aromatica was also observed to be parasitized by D. gregaria. The geographic distribution of these two host species suggests that this rust may occur from Central America to southern Brazil (Plants of the World Online 2024). The species D. echinata, included in the same clade as D. gregaria and D. segregaria, has lateral warts of conical shape. Other genera of Pucciniales have been reported to grow on species of Xylopia in the American continent, such as Aecidium (A. xylopiae Henn.), which is found in all regions of Brazil, including the Amazon region (Pará, Tocantins) (Flora e Funga do Brasil, 2024). Cerotelium xylopiae Buriticá & J. F. Hennen has also been reported as growing on Xylopia in this continent (Hennen et al. 2005), but Beenken (2017) considered the name of this species invalid because there was an error in determining the host, so the currently valid name is C. diospyri Beenken, with reference to the correct host, Diospyros (Ebenaceae). Other species restricted to countries of the African continent are also known to grow on Xylopia aethiopica A. Rich, namely, Sphenorchidium deightonii (Syd.) Beenken (≡ Aecidium deightonii Syd), Sphenorchidium xylopiae (J. M. Yen & Sulmont) Beenken (≡ Sphenospora xylopiae J. M. Yen & Sulmont), and Endophylloides guineensis Vienn-Bourg. (≡ Ceratocoma guineensis (Vienn-Bourg.) Buriticá (Beenken & Wood 2015, Buriticá 1991, Mycobank 2025). The genera to which these species belong can be differentiated from Dasyspora by the morphology of the spores since Dasyspora has two-celled pedicellate teliospores with horizontal septa, ornamented walls, with apical and basal appendages branched at the tips and spermogonia of group VI type 5, while Sphenorchidium has two-celled teliospores with vertical septa, smooth walls and spermogonia of group V type 4, the genus Aecidium does not have telia and teliospores, only aecioid aecia with peridium, and Endophylloides has telia of the aecioid type, but without a peridium (Beenken & Wood 2015).	en	Gomes, Gardênia Figueiredo, Sotão, Helen Maria Pontes, Dealmeida, Layse Barreto, França, Isadora Fernandes De, Monteiro, Josiane Santana (2025): Dasyspora (Pucciniales) on Xylopia in the Amazon, with new distribution records for Brazil. Phytotaxa 697 (1): 68-82, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.697.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.697.1.4
CD5C87958D5CFFE2C1A047718F88FE2C.taxon	description	Spermogonia subepidermal, group VI, type 5. Aecia and uredinia unknown. Telia abaxial on leaves, erumpent, dark brown, densely aggregated in yellowish and bleached spots arranged in concentric circles or scattered (1 – 2 × 1 – 2 mm). Paraphyses rare, peripheral, clavate. Teliospores 2 - celled, ellipsoid (30 – 37.5 × 17.5 – 22.5 µm), septum transverse, lateral wall ornamented with conical warts (1.3 – 3 µm), apical and basal rod-like projections branched at the tip (1.7 – 7 × 1 – 2 µm); pedicel fragile, hyaline, usually brittle. Specimens examined: — BRAZIL. AMAPÁ: Macapá, Highway Macapá-Porto Grande, on X. sericea, 05 January 1990, J. F. Hennen & Sotão 90 - 11 (MG 249952); PARÁ: Melgaço, Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã, on X. aromatica, 04 June 1998, Sotão et al. 98 - 129 (MG 171764); Parauapebas, Serra dos Carajás, Trilha da Lagoa da Mata, N 5, Serra Norte, 03 December 2015, A. S. B. Gil & F. Nóvoa (MG 189130); Rio Maria, 12 January 2002, M. R. Cordeiro 4883 (IAN 187459); Santarém, Alto Tapajós, Rio Cururú, 09 February 1974, A. R. William (IAN 147118); Marabá, 15 September 1973, J. M. Pires s / n (IAN 140312); MATO GROSSO: Nova Xavantina, Xavantina, on X. aromatica, 10 June 1966, H. S. Irwin, R. Souza, J. W. Grear & R. R. Santos (IAN 123297).	en	Gomes, Gardênia Figueiredo, Sotão, Helen Maria Pontes, Dealmeida, Layse Barreto, França, Isadora Fernandes De, Monteiro, Josiane Santana (2025): Dasyspora (Pucciniales) on Xylopia in the Amazon, with new distribution records for Brazil. Phytotaxa 697 (1): 68-82, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.697.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.697.1.4
CD5C87958D5CFFE2C1A047718F88FE2C.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens: — BRAZIL. DISTRITO FEDERAL: Brasília, Planaltina, on X. aromatica, 12 March 1966, H. S. Irwin, J. W. Greer, R. Souza & R. R. Santos 13914 (IAN 123199); GOIÁS: Anápolis, on X. aromatica, 26 September 1965, H. S. Irwin, J. W. Greer & R. Souza 8695 (IAN 122862); SÃO PAULO: Altinópolis, on X. aromatica, 17 September 1977, H. F. Leitão Filho & F. R. Martins 5932 (MG 60792).	en	Gomes, Gardênia Figueiredo, Sotão, Helen Maria Pontes, Dealmeida, Layse Barreto, França, Isadora Fernandes De, Monteiro, Josiane Santana (2025): Dasyspora (Pucciniales) on Xylopia in the Amazon, with new distribution records for Brazil. Phytotaxa 697 (1): 68-82, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.697.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.697.1.4
CD5C87958D5CFFE2C1A047718F88FE2C.taxon	biology_ecology	Host and distribution in South America: — On leaves of X. aromatica in Brazil (Goiás, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Tocantins) (Beenken et al. 2012). In this study, we present the first record of D. echinata for states in the Brazilian Amazon (Amapá and Pará) and Distrito Federal, and report X. sericea from Amapá as a new host for the species.	en	Gomes, Gardênia Figueiredo, Sotão, Helen Maria Pontes, Dealmeida, Layse Barreto, França, Isadora Fernandes De, Monteiro, Josiane Santana (2025): Dasyspora (Pucciniales) on Xylopia in the Amazon, with new distribution records for Brazil. Phytotaxa 697 (1): 68-82, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.697.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.697.1.4
CD5C87958D5CFFE2C1A047718F88FE2C.taxon	discussion	Comments: — Morphologically, D. echinata differs from other species of Dasyspora by the conical ornamentation of the lateral wall of the teliospores, as mentioned in the comments for D. gregaria; this is the best and most distinctive characteristic to differentiate D. echinata from other species of the genus. Beenken et al. (2012) mentioned the occurrence of this species only on X. aromatica; however, in the present study, three species of Dasyspora (belonging to the clade Dasyspora gregaria) were also found on X. aromatica. Beenken et al. (2012) recorded only D. winteri on the host X. sericea, but in the present study, X. sericea was also parasitized by D. echinata; the species D. winteri differs from D. echinata mainly by having flattened areolate sub-polygonal warts on the lateral wall of the teliospores, forming two well-defined rows of flattened warts in the septum region.	en	Gomes, Gardênia Figueiredo, Sotão, Helen Maria Pontes, Dealmeida, Layse Barreto, França, Isadora Fernandes De, Monteiro, Josiane Santana (2025): Dasyspora (Pucciniales) on Xylopia in the Amazon, with new distribution records for Brazil. Phytotaxa 697 (1): 68-82, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.697.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.697.1.4
CD5C87958D59FFE3C1A0440A8CF6FD94.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: on X. aromatica, 1 February 1947, Trinidad and Tobago, Trinidad Island, Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture, Fungi of Trinidad (B. W. I.), No. 1067, Mount St Benedict, R. E. D. Baker (BPI 853915). Mycobank number: 519382. Spermogonia subepidermal, group VI, type 5. Aecia and uredinia unknown. Telia abaxial on leaves, erumpent, dark brown, densely aggregated on yellowish bleached leaf spots arranged in concentric circles or scattered. Paraphyses rare, peripheral, clavate at the tips. Teliospores 2 - celled, ellipsoid (30 – 32.5 × 20 – 30 µm), septum transverse, wall ornamented with hemispherical warts (1 – 2 µm), septum region with a smooth band (1 – 2 µm thick); apical and basal rod-like projections branched at the tip (3.5 – 10 × 1.5 – 2 µm); pedicel fragile, hyaline, usually brittle.	en	Gomes, Gardênia Figueiredo, Sotão, Helen Maria Pontes, Dealmeida, Layse Barreto, França, Isadora Fernandes De, Monteiro, Josiane Santana (2025): Dasyspora (Pucciniales) on Xylopia in the Amazon, with new distribution records for Brazil. Phytotaxa 697 (1): 68-82, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.697.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.697.1.4
CD5C87958D59FFE3C1A0440A8CF6FD94.taxon	description	Specimen examined: — BRAZIL. RONDÔNIA: Vilhena, Fazenda Asa Branca, on X. aromatica, 01 June 1997, I. S. Miranda & P. J. D. Silva (MG 159533). Additional specimen: — PERU. TAPAROTO: on X. aromatica, 19 December 1959, A. C. Batista & R. Garnier (MG 020590 = PUR 65597 = F 8697).	en	Gomes, Gardênia Figueiredo, Sotão, Helen Maria Pontes, Dealmeida, Layse Barreto, França, Isadora Fernandes De, Monteiro, Josiane Santana (2025): Dasyspora (Pucciniales) on Xylopia in the Amazon, with new distribution records for Brazil. Phytotaxa 697 (1): 68-82, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.697.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.697.1.4
CD5C87958D59FFE3C1A0440A8CF6FD94.taxon	biology_ecology	Host and distribution in South America: — On leaves of X. aromatica in Panama, Peru, Trinidad, Venezuela (Beenken et al. 2012). In this study, we present the first record for Brazil, from Rondônia.	en	Gomes, Gardênia Figueiredo, Sotão, Helen Maria Pontes, Dealmeida, Layse Barreto, França, Isadora Fernandes De, Monteiro, Josiane Santana (2025): Dasyspora (Pucciniales) on Xylopia in the Amazon, with new distribution records for Brazil. Phytotaxa 697 (1): 68-82, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.697.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.697.1.4
CD5C87958D59FFE3C1A0440A8CF6FD94.taxon	discussion	Comments: — According to Beenken et al. (2012), this species does not differ in morphology in relation to D. gregaria, but only by DNA sequences and in terms of host species, as previously mentioned in the comments of D. gregaria, but in this study we did not find specificity of host species. The SEM and OM analyses and illustrations by Beenken et al. (2012) enabled the observation that the smooth area of the septum region in D. gregaria is larger (3 – 5 µm) than in D. segregaria (1 – 2 µm). Thus, we suggest that this morphological characteristic is helpful in differentiating the two species. The specimen studied is a duplicate of a voucher specimen analyzed by Beenken et al. (2012). A duplicate of D. segregaria (MG 020590) from Peru is deposited in the fungi collection of MG, cited by Beenken et al. (2012).	en	Gomes, Gardênia Figueiredo, Sotão, Helen Maria Pontes, Dealmeida, Layse Barreto, França, Isadora Fernandes De, Monteiro, Josiane Santana (2025): Dasyspora (Pucciniales) on Xylopia in the Amazon, with new distribution records for Brazil. Phytotaxa 697 (1): 68-82, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.697.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.697.1.4
CD5C87958D58FFECC1A0448C895DFD95.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: on Xylopia cf. amazonica, Brazil, Amazonas, Paraiso, Rio Madeira, 03 August 1923, J. R. Weir (BPI US 0116382). Mycobank number: 519391. Spermogonia subepidermal, group VI, type 5. Aecia and uredinia unknown. Telia abaxial on leaves, erumpent, dark brown, densely aggregated in yellowish spots arranged in more or less concentric circles (3 – 6 × 3 – 7 mm). Paraphyses rare, peripheral, clavate at the tips. Teliospores 2 - celled, ellipsoid (15 – 27.5 × 12.5 – 17.5 µm), septum transverse (2 – 3 µm in medium focus); wall ornamented with flattened, polygonal warts (0.7 – 1 µm) that become larger near the septum (1.3 – 2 µm), forming two horizontally elongated rows; apical and basal rod-like projections branched at the tip (1.5 – 4 × 0.9 – 1.5 µm); pedicel fragile, hyaline, generally brittle.	en	Gomes, Gardênia Figueiredo, Sotão, Helen Maria Pontes, Dealmeida, Layse Barreto, França, Isadora Fernandes De, Monteiro, Josiane Santana (2025): Dasyspora (Pucciniales) on Xylopia in the Amazon, with new distribution records for Brazil. Phytotaxa 697 (1): 68-82, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.697.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.697.1.4
CD5C87958D58FFECC1A0448C895DFD95.taxon	description	Specimens examined: — BRAZIL. PARÁ: Altamira, on Xylopia cf. amazonica, 14 September 2017, I. França et al. 2017 - 537 (MG 180446); MATO GROSSO: Nobres, on X. amazonica, 19 September 1980, W. Thomas, J. Guedes & R. P. Lima (MG 121712).	en	Gomes, Gardênia Figueiredo, Sotão, Helen Maria Pontes, Dealmeida, Layse Barreto, França, Isadora Fernandes De, Monteiro, Josiane Santana (2025): Dasyspora (Pucciniales) on Xylopia in the Amazon, with new distribution records for Brazil. Phytotaxa 697 (1): 68-82, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.697.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.697.1.4
CD5C87958D58FFECC1A0448C895DFD95.taxon	biology_ecology	Host and distribution in South America: — On leaves of X. amazonica; Amazonas (Beenken et al. 2012). In this study, we present new records for the states of Mato Grosso and Pará.	en	Gomes, Gardênia Figueiredo, Sotão, Helen Maria Pontes, Dealmeida, Layse Barreto, França, Isadora Fernandes De, Monteiro, Josiane Santana (2025): Dasyspora (Pucciniales) on Xylopia in the Amazon, with new distribution records for Brazil. Phytotaxa 697 (1): 68-82, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.697.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.697.1.4
CD5C87958D58FFECC1A0448C895DFD95.taxon	discussion	Comments: — This species differs from all other species of Dasyspora by having the smallest teliospores in the genus, measuring 15 – 27.5 × 12.5 – 17.5 µm. The teliospores observed in the present study were smaller than those of the type specimen from Amazonas State, described by Beenken et al. (2012), which measured 25 – 30 × 18 – 21 µm. Only the type species of D. amazonica had been previously recorded (Beenken et al. 2012). The host species X. amazonica has a known geographic distribution in South America, in Colombia, Surinam, Venezuela, and Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia, Mato Grosso) (Flora and Funga from Brasil 2024, Plants of the World Online 2024). A general discussion of Dasyspora species in the neotropics is presented in the comments of D. gregaria.	en	Gomes, Gardênia Figueiredo, Sotão, Helen Maria Pontes, Dealmeida, Layse Barreto, França, Isadora Fernandes De, Monteiro, Josiane Santana (2025): Dasyspora (Pucciniales) on Xylopia in the Amazon, with new distribution records for Brazil. Phytotaxa 697 (1): 68-82, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.697.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.697.1.4
CD5C87958D57FFEDC1A0444D8CC2FC7C.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: on X. frutescens var. ferruginea, French Guiana, Cantão de Mana, highway to Montagne de Fer, branch from road N 1 at km 200, 5 ° 25 ’ 20 “ N, 53 ° 35 ’ 32 ” W, 60 m, 23 July 2009, L. Beenken & R. Berndt No. 23.07.09 / 10 (in PC). Mycobank number: 519386. Spermogonia subepidermal, group VI, type 5. Aecia and uredinia unknown. Telia abaxial on leaves, erumpent, dark brown, densely aggregated in yellowish bleached spots arranged in more or less concentric circles (1 – 2 × 1 – 2 mm). Paraphyses rare, peripheral, clavate at the tips (28 – 40 × 4 – 6 µm). Teliospores 2 - celled, ellipsoid (30 – 36 × 21 – 24 µm), septum transverse (2 – 3 µm in medium focus); wall with polygonal, flattened warts (0.5 – 1 µm) that become larger near the septum (2 – 4 µm), eventually forming plaques when joined; apical and basal rod-like projections branched at the tip (3 – 6 × 0.7 – 1.5 µm); pedicel fragile, hyaline, usually brittle.	en	Gomes, Gardênia Figueiredo, Sotão, Helen Maria Pontes, Dealmeida, Layse Barreto, França, Isadora Fernandes De, Monteiro, Josiane Santana (2025): Dasyspora (Pucciniales) on Xylopia in the Amazon, with new distribution records for Brazil. Phytotaxa 697 (1): 68-82, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.697.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.697.1.4
CD5C87958D57FFEDC1A0444D8CC2FC7C.taxon	description	Specimens examined: — BRAZIL. AMAPÁ: Mazagão, Camaipi, on X. frutescens, 15 November 1987, J. F. Hennen & Sotão 87 - 126 (MG 173300); Porto Grande, Areial, 05 January 1990 (MG 173304); PARÁ: Belém, EMBRAPA / CPATU, behind the Horto Botânico, on X. frutescens, 14 April 1989, M. R. Cordeiro (IAN 162427); Bragança, Comunidade Benjamin Constant, 15 May 2000, M. Borges, J. R. Silva & I. M. Brito (IAN 177220); highway to Viseu, 11 November 1965, G. T. Prance & T. D. Pennington (IAN 117489); Parauapebas, Carajás, on X. nitida, Carajás, 02 June 1983, M. F. F. Silva, N. A. Rosa, R. P. Bahia & J. C. Santos (IAN 160511).	en	Gomes, Gardênia Figueiredo, Sotão, Helen Maria Pontes, Dealmeida, Layse Barreto, França, Isadora Fernandes De, Monteiro, Josiane Santana (2025): Dasyspora (Pucciniales) on Xylopia in the Amazon, with new distribution records for Brazil. Phytotaxa 697 (1): 68-82, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.697.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.697.1.4
CD5C87958D57FFEDC1A0444D8CC2FC7C.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens: — BRAZIL. PERNAMBUCO: Recife, property of the São José plant, on X. frutescens, 25 April 1994, J. F. Hennen & Sotão 94 - 150 (MG 180439); Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 23 June 1994, J. F. Hennen & Sotão 94 - 140 (MG 180440). SURINAM, on X. frutescens var. ferruginea, 29 August 1919, Hab. Sectie & B. W. (IAN 95987).	en	Gomes, Gardênia Figueiredo, Sotão, Helen Maria Pontes, Dealmeida, Layse Barreto, França, Isadora Fernandes De, Monteiro, Josiane Santana (2025): Dasyspora (Pucciniales) on Xylopia in the Amazon, with new distribution records for Brazil. Phytotaxa 697 (1): 68-82, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.697.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.697.1.4
CD5C87958D57FFEDC1A0444D8CC2FC7C.taxon	biology_ecology	Host and distribution in South America: — The species was found on leaves of X. frutescens, in French Guiana (Beenken et al. 2012). In this study, we present the first record for Brazil (Amapá, Pará, and Pernambuco) and Surinam. Xylopia nitida was a new host for the species.	en	Gomes, Gardênia Figueiredo, Sotão, Helen Maria Pontes, Dealmeida, Layse Barreto, França, Isadora Fernandes De, Monteiro, Josiane Santana (2025): Dasyspora (Pucciniales) on Xylopia in the Amazon, with new distribution records for Brazil. Phytotaxa 697 (1): 68-82, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.697.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.697.1.4
CD5C87958D57FFEDC1A0444D8CC2FC7C.taxon	discussion	Comments: — Dasyspora ferrugineae differs morphologically by having a teliospore with dark brown pigmentation (rusty) and densely arranged, thicker ornamentation in the region near the septum, sometimes forming plaques (2 – 4 µm). Two other species, D. frutescens and D. mesoamerica, were mentioned by Beenken et al. (2012) as parasitizing X. frutescens; however, they were not observed in the present study. The three species have similar morphological characteristics, differing only by the lighter coloration (light brown) and smaller lateral ornamentation (up to 0.5 µm in height) in the latter two, while D. ferrugineae has a darker coloration (rusty brown), larger lateral ornamentation (up to 1 µm in height) and warts in the septum region that can aggregate and form plaques. Regarding its geographic distribution, D. mesoamerica is restricted to Central America, with no occurrences in South America (Beenken et al. 2012).	en	Gomes, Gardênia Figueiredo, Sotão, Helen Maria Pontes, Dealmeida, Layse Barreto, França, Isadora Fernandes De, Monteiro, Josiane Santana (2025): Dasyspora (Pucciniales) on Xylopia in the Amazon, with new distribution records for Brazil. Phytotaxa 697 (1): 68-82, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.697.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.697.1.4
CD5C87958D56FFEEC1A045FA8987F7C9.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: FRENCH GUIANA: on X. nitida Dunal, 28 July 2009, Roura canton, road to Kaw (D 6), side road to Fougasier, Montagne de Kaw, 4 u 309 N, 52 u 109 W, 100 m, L. Beenken & R. Berndt No. 28.07.09 / 6 (in PC). Mycobank number: 519389. Spermogonia subepidermal, group VI, type 5. Aecia and uredinia unknown. Telia abaxial on leaves, erumpent, dark brown, solitary or aggregate in yellowish spots arranged in more or less spread circles (3 – 5 × 2 – 7 mm). Paraphyses rare, peripheral, clavate at the tips. Teliospores 2 - celled, ellipsoid (28 – 40 × 19.5 – 27 µm), septum transverse, wall ornamented with areolate warts (0.5 – 1 µm); apical and basal rod-like projections branched at the tip (3 – 10 × 1 – 1.5 µm); pedicel fragile, hyaline, usually brittle.	en	Gomes, Gardênia Figueiredo, Sotão, Helen Maria Pontes, Dealmeida, Layse Barreto, França, Isadora Fernandes De, Monteiro, Josiane Santana (2025): Dasyspora (Pucciniales) on Xylopia in the Amazon, with new distribution records for Brazil. Phytotaxa 697 (1): 68-82, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.697.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.697.1.4
CD5C87958D56FFEEC1A045FA8987F7C9.taxon	description	Specimens examined: — BRAZIL. AMAPÁ: Mazagão, Camaipi, on X. benthamii, 15 November 1987, J. F. Hennen & Sotão 87 - 129 (MG 173301); PARÁ: Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã, on X. nitida, 4 October 2003, O. Cardoso et al. 1227 (MG 171765). Tucuruí, January 1981, P. Lisboa et al. (MG 96443).	en	Gomes, Gardênia Figueiredo, Sotão, Helen Maria Pontes, Dealmeida, Layse Barreto, França, Isadora Fernandes De, Monteiro, Josiane Santana (2025): Dasyspora (Pucciniales) on Xylopia in the Amazon, with new distribution records for Brazil. Phytotaxa 697 (1): 68-82, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.697.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.697.1.4
CD5C87958D56FFEEC1A045FA8987F7C9.taxon	biology_ecology	Host and distribution in South America: — On leaves of X. nitida in French Guiana (Beenken et al. 2012). In the present work, we present the first record of the species in Brazil (Amapá and Pará) and X. benthamii as a new host for this species.	en	Gomes, Gardênia Figueiredo, Sotão, Helen Maria Pontes, Dealmeida, Layse Barreto, França, Isadora Fernandes De, Monteiro, Josiane Santana (2025): Dasyspora (Pucciniales) on Xylopia in the Amazon, with new distribution records for Brazil. Phytotaxa 697 (1): 68-82, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.697.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.697.1.4
CD5C87958D56FFEEC1A045FA8987F7C9.taxon	discussion	Comments: — Dasyspora nitidae differs from other species in the clade Dasyspora winteri by the ornamentation of the teliospore wall, which is similar in the lateral region and close to the septum, in addition to the apical and basal projections that are the longest observed in the clade, reaching up to 10 µm. Dasyspora ferruginae was also found growing on X. nitida, but it differs from D. nitidae mainly in the color and arrangement of the warts on the wall of the spores, which are differentiated in the septum region and the sides of the spores. Beenken et al. (2012) also recorded D. guianensis on X. benthamii in French Guiana. Dasyspora guianensis differs from D. nitidae in its smaller teliospores (29 – 32 × 21.5 – 24 µm) and smaller apical and basal projections (up to 5 × 2 µm), while D. nitidae has larger teliospores (28 – 40 × 19.5 – 27 µm) and longer apical and basal projections (up to 10 × 1.5 µm). Beenken et al. (2012) mentioned that in addition to the occurrence on X. nitida, there were two plant specimens remained as uncertain (Xylopia cf. nitida); in the type specimen of D. nitidae (X. nitida), white hairs were observed on the abaxial surface of the leaf, while in the uncertain specimens (Xylopia cf. nitida), the hairs were brown on the adaxial surface of the leaf. The specimens considered “ uncertain ” due to the presence of brown hairs may belong to X. benthamii, as described in the botanical taxonomic works by Ribeiro et al. (1999) and Maas et al. (2007). A taxonomic revision of the host specimens mentioned by Beenken et al. (2012) is, therefore, necessary.	en	Gomes, Gardênia Figueiredo, Sotão, Helen Maria Pontes, Dealmeida, Layse Barreto, França, Isadora Fernandes De, Monteiro, Josiane Santana (2025): Dasyspora (Pucciniales) on Xylopia in the Amazon, with new distribution records for Brazil. Phytotaxa 697 (1): 68-82, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.697.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.697.1.4
