taxonID	type	description	language	source
C549878B753DFFC6FC9B1313A2E787F3.taxon	discussion	The strains upon which the novel species descriptions are based (Table S 1) were obtained from various isolation programs and surveys whose details are given in Supplementary Data S 1. They were preliminarily identified using the sequences of the D 1 / D 2 or ITS regions of the rDNA. After genome sequencing of strains suspected to represent novel species, single-copy orthogroups (SCOs) were identified from a predicted proteome dataset that included representatives of all known Torulaspora species. The resulting maximum likelihood phylogeny is shown in Fig. 1. The putative novel species were distributed across the genus and generally have as closest relatives already known Torulaspora species. To further assess discontinuities at the species level, we calculated average nucleotide identity (ANI) values within and between representatives of the main clades of Fig. 1. We took into consideration earlier studies suggesting 95 % or lower identity as a guideline for the separation of yeast (with et al. in italics: (Lachance et al. 2020, Libkind et al. 2020), microsporidian (de Albuquerque & Haag 2023), and prokaryotic (Jain et al. 2018) species, and expanded our earlier calculations for species in this genus (Silva et al. 2022). In the present study, all proposed novel species had ANI values that were equal or lower than 91 % when compared with their closest relatives, whereas intraspecific values were equal or higher than 96.5 % (Fig. 1 and Fig. S 1). Taken together, our analyses suggested the existence of an additional twelve novel species, which would add to the ten species currently recognized in the genus Torulaspora, more than doubling its size. Recognition of the novel species using DNA barcode sequences To investigate if the new species could be recognized using DNA barcode sequences and to determine if additional representatives could be found among sequences deposited in the NCBI archive, we prepared extensive phylogenies based on the two DNA barcode regions most frequently used for the delineation of yeast species, the D 1 / D 2 region of the LSU rDNA and the complete ITS region. The corresponding phylogeny for the D 1 / D 2 region is shown in Fig. S 2, the phylogeny based on the ITS region is shown in Fig. S 3, and the phylogeny combining both regions is shown in Fig. S 4. We included sequences from representative genomes used in Fig. 1, as well as sequences retrieved from the GenBank database, whose accession numbers are listed in Table S 2. Although, we observed that the species delimitation obtained with whole-genome data (Fig. 1) is not completely supported by the phylogenies based on those regions, all novel species could be recognized based on the DNA barcode sequences. The D 1 / D 2 region (Fig. S 2) appeared to have less resolution than the ITS region (Fig. S 3) and thus we recommend the later for species identifications in the absence of whole genome sequences. In Fig. 3, a simplified ITS phylogeny including a single representative from each species summarizes these analyses. It also depicts the number of nucleotide substitutions observed between the more closely related species. Among these, species pairs showing the lowest number of nucleotide substitutions were T. delbrueckii - T. mapucheana sp. nov. and T. pretoriensis – T. cukson sp. nov. that differed from their closest relative by five and four substitutions each, respectively (Fig. 3). These substitutions were consistently found when multiple representatives were tested and are seen as apomorphies. i. e. unique for each species. Our extensive analyses using DNA barcode sequences shown in Figs S 2, S 3 and S 4 allowed us to identify additional representatives of the novel species. For example, a considerable number of isolates of T. ventriculi sp. nov. was identified among strains isolated from soil in Cameroon and previously identified as T. globosa (Aljohani et al. 2018) (Fig. S 3 and Table S 2). In the case of T. incommunis sp. nov. for which a single isolate was initially available, we detected one D 1 / D 2 (Fig. S 2) and one ITS (Fig. S 3) sequence in the pool of GenBank sequences analysed that appear to belong to two additional strains of this species (Table S 2). In fact, our analyses allowed to enlarge the number of known representatives of most novel species and of all the already known species (Table S 2). We also used these analyses to ascertain if any of the currently 15 recognized synonyms of T. delbrueckii coincides with any of the proposed novel species. These synonyms and their molecular identification are shown in Fig. S 5. All synonyms were confirmed to belong to T. delbrueckii. Moreover, for eight of these synonyms, whole-genome sequences also validated their identification as T. delbrueckii. The genomic Torulaspora and phenotypic landscape of Our updated perspective of the genus Torulaspora, as revealed through whole genome sequences of 77 strains from 22 species, allowed us to take a snapshot of genome composition across all currently known species. Our first observation was that the genomic landscape of Torulaspora was highly variable, with a marked gene content oscillation both between and within species. Genomes of Torulaspora spp. contain, on average, 4978 (± 87) genes with a disparity of 409 genes between the most gene-rich, T. microellipsoides NRRL-Y- 1549 (5219 genes), and the least gene-rich, T. asahi sp. nov. NBRC 11086 (4810 genes). Although isolates of the same species exhibit some variability in gene-richness, this value was roughly similar within species. For example, the three isolates of T. mapucheana sp. nov. have an average of 4863 (± 43) genes, while the three isolates of T. microellipsoides contain an average of 5165 (± 46) genes. This variability was reflected in the presence or absence of genes involved in the metabolism of key carbohydrate sources and propagates to the phenotypic level (Fig. 2). For example, in T. delbrueckii and its closest relative, T. mapucheana sp. nov., the inability to grow on galactose was observed frequently and, in those cases, two of the three genes required for canonical galactose metabolism, GAL 1, GAL 7, and GAL 10 (Hittinger et al. 2004), were absent or inactivated pseudogenes (Fig. 2). Conversely, galactose growth in T. delbrueckii, and in all other species in the genus, was linked to the presence of these three genes. Overall, variation across the genus was seen for maltose and melibiose metabolism, as well as for the presence or absence of the associated α-glucosidase-encoding genes (Fig. 2). Three classes of α-glucosidase-encoding genes were defined by analysing signature amino acids that correlate to substrate specificity (Table S 4). Following Viigand et al. (2018), we tentatively grouped the α-glucosidase genes in three categories corresponding to the type of enzymes they encode: maltases, isomaltases, and mixed maltase – isomaltase activity. Our results are generally consistent with previous observations in known Torulaspora species (Silva et al. 2022) and suggest that maltose utilization is based on a widespread prevalence of α-glucosidase-encoding genes. Moreover, these genes appear to have been lost multiple times (Fig. 2, Table S 4). Thus, we observed that consumption of the substrate predicted the presence of the gene coding for the canonically associated enzyme, but not vice versa. Those latter cases (i. e. gene presence but lack of the corresponding phenotype) might be explained by gene inactivation or gene expression impairments. Such variations occurred both between and within species. For example, we found that all five isolates of T. jiuxiensis contained the three GAL genes, while they were completely absent in all five isolates of T. kanakia sp. nov. Moreover, the intraspecific variation that we previously observed for T. delbrueckii (Silva et al. 2022) was observed here for other species, especially with respect to maltose and melezitose utilization (Fig. 2). However, the observed gene content variation at the species level was not universal. For traits, such as sucrose and trehalose consumption, the genes most commonly associated with these phenotypes were consistently found to be present in all Torulaspora genomes. As above, this consistent gene presence fails to act as a perfect predictor of a positive phenotype for sucrose, raffinose, and trehalose assimilation (Fig. 2). Taken together, these results paint the picture of a genomic landscape that is highly diverse, with frequent events of gene loss that appear to be recent in terms of the ancestry of the genus Torulaspora (i. e. encompass a single species or a group of closely related species). This variation is not solely associated with the phylogeny. While some genes and traits are found consistently in one species but not another, others vary substantially among isolates of the same species, and the genus Torulaspora as a whole displays substantial variation in phenotype both within and between species (Fig. S 6). The correlation between assimilation and fermentation abilities varied between substrates and species, but as expected, assimilation was a prerequisite for fermentation. For example, all isolates that could assimilate sucrose could also ferment it; with just two exceptions, all isolates tested for galactose assimilation were also positive for galactose fermentation. A similarly strong correlation was found for maltose assimilation and fermentation. However, raffinose and trehalose did not exhibit this correlation; most isolates that exhibited assimilation of these carbohydrates did not also ferment them. These correlations between assimilation and fermentation sometimes persisted within species. For example, all three tested isolates of T. jiuxiensis both assimilated and fermented raffinose, whereas all four tested isolates of T. ventriculi sp. nov. only exhibited assimilation. Likewise, all three tested isolates of T. jiuxiensis both assimilated and fermented melibiose, whereas the two tested isolates of T. obscura sp. nov. only assimilated this carbohydrate. However, variation within species was common; for example, one T. asahi sp. nov. isolate could ferment raffinose but not trehalose, while the other two isolates could ferment trehalose but not raffinose.	en	Silva, M. R., Paraíso, F., Al-Oboudi, J., Abegg, M., Aires, A., Barros, K. O., Brito, P. H., Jarzyna, M., Sylvester, K., Langdon, Q. K., Opulente, D. A., Carriconde, F., Fell, J. W., Hofmann, T. A., Lachance, M. - A., Legras, J. - L., Libkind, D., Pontes, A., Gonçalves, P., Rosa, C. A., Groenewald, M., Hittinger, C. T., Sampaio, J. P. (2025): A taxogenomic view of the genus Torulaspora: an expansion from ten to twenty-two species. Persoonia 54 (1): 265-283, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08
C549878B7539FFCAFC9B1031A1358190.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Torulaspora asahi. a. sa. hi’, N. L. app. n. asahi, the Japanese word “ asahi ” meaning rising sun Japan’s sobriquet (“ the Land of the Rising Sun ”) as several strains of this species, including the ex-type strain, were isolated in that country.	en	Silva, M. R., Paraíso, F., Al-Oboudi, J., Abegg, M., Aires, A., Barros, K. O., Brito, P. H., Jarzyna, M., Sylvester, K., Langdon, Q. K., Opulente, D. A., Carriconde, F., Fell, J. W., Hofmann, T. A., Lachance, M. - A., Legras, J. - L., Libkind, D., Pontes, A., Gonçalves, P., Rosa, C. A., Groenewald, M., Hittinger, C. T., Sampaio, J. P. (2025): A taxogenomic view of the genus Torulaspora: an expansion from ten to twenty-two species. Persoonia 54 (1): 265-283, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08
C549878B7539FFCAFC9B1031A1358190.taxon	materials_examined	Typus: Japan, Shiba Prefecture, soil underneath Quercus acuta, 2008, Y. Imanishi (holotype PYCC 8100 H, ex-holotype cultures PYCC 8100, CBS 18509). The holotype is permanently maintained in a metabolically inactive state in the Portuguese Yeast Culture Collection, Caparica, Portugal. The genome of this species was deposited at DDBJ / ENA / GenBank under the accession GCA _ 931301635. The version described in this paper is v. 1.	en	Silva, M. R., Paraíso, F., Al-Oboudi, J., Abegg, M., Aires, A., Barros, K. O., Brito, P. H., Jarzyna, M., Sylvester, K., Langdon, Q. K., Opulente, D. A., Carriconde, F., Fell, J. W., Hofmann, T. A., Lachance, M. - A., Legras, J. - L., Libkind, D., Pontes, A., Gonçalves, P., Rosa, C. A., Groenewald, M., Hittinger, C. T., Sampaio, J. P. (2025): A taxogenomic view of the genus Torulaspora: an expansion from ten to twenty-two species. Persoonia 54 (1): 265-283, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08
C549878B7539FFCAFC9B1031A1358190.taxon	description	Description: After 1 wk on YM agar at 25 ° C, cultures are smooth, cream-coloured, and butyrous. After 3 d of growth on YM agar at 25 ° C, cells are globose (4 – 5.5 µm) to sub-globose (4 – 6 × 3 – 5 µm) and occur singly or in pairs, and proliferation is by multilateral budding (Fig. 4 A). On Dalmau plates after 2 wk at 25 ° C, no pseudohyphae nor true hyphae are formed. Sexual reproduction is observed on acetate agar after 15 d at 20 ° C, and the cultures appear to be homothallic. Cellular extensions that resemble conjugation tubes are frequent and usually are not involved in conjugation (Fig. 4 B). Asci are persistent and normally are formed after conjugation involving a cell and its bud. Asci produce one to two smooth and spherical ascospores, measuring 2.5 – 3.5 µm diam. (Fig. 4 C). The physiological and biochemical profile of the species is shown in Table 1 and Table S 5.	en	Silva, M. R., Paraíso, F., Al-Oboudi, J., Abegg, M., Aires, A., Barros, K. O., Brito, P. H., Jarzyna, M., Sylvester, K., Langdon, Q. K., Opulente, D. A., Carriconde, F., Fell, J. W., Hofmann, T. A., Lachance, M. - A., Legras, J. - L., Libkind, D., Pontes, A., Gonçalves, P., Rosa, C. A., Groenewald, M., Hittinger, C. T., Sampaio, J. P. (2025): A taxogenomic view of the genus Torulaspora: an expansion from ten to twenty-two species. Persoonia 54 (1): 265-283, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08
C549878B7539FFCAFC9B1031A1358190.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat and distribution: This species was found in the arboreal niche, including soil underneath Quercus acuta and Q. salicina, bark of Lithocarpus edulis, root of Clermontia sp., exudate of Myoporum, and fruit of Ficus virgata. Currently known from collections in Japan (Chiba Prefecture and Iriomote island) and Hawaii.	en	Silva, M. R., Paraíso, F., Al-Oboudi, J., Abegg, M., Aires, A., Barros, K. O., Brito, P. H., Jarzyna, M., Sylvester, K., Langdon, Q. K., Opulente, D. A., Carriconde, F., Fell, J. W., Hofmann, T. A., Lachance, M. - A., Legras, J. - L., Libkind, D., Pontes, A., Gonçalves, P., Rosa, C. A., Groenewald, M., Hittinger, C. T., Sampaio, J. P. (2025): A taxogenomic view of the genus Torulaspora: an expansion from ten to twenty-two species. Persoonia 54 (1): 265-283, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08
C549878B7539FFCAFC9B1031A1358190.taxon	materials_examined	Additional cultures examined: PYCC 8099, PYCC 8101, PYCC 9382, UWOPS 91 - 901.1, UWOPS 91 - 920.1 (see Table S 1 for details).	en	Silva, M. R., Paraíso, F., Al-Oboudi, J., Abegg, M., Aires, A., Barros, K. O., Brito, P. H., Jarzyna, M., Sylvester, K., Langdon, Q. K., Opulente, D. A., Carriconde, F., Fell, J. W., Hofmann, T. A., Lachance, M. - A., Legras, J. - L., Libkind, D., Pontes, A., Gonçalves, P., Rosa, C. A., Groenewald, M., Hittinger, C. T., Sampaio, J. P. (2025): A taxogenomic view of the genus Torulaspora: an expansion from ten to twenty-two species. Persoonia 54 (1): 265-283, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08
C549878B7535FFCAFF251471A5148453.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Torulaspora cukson. cuk’son, N. L. app. n. cukson, from Cuk Son, the designation in Uto-Aztecan Oʼodham language for Tucson, the locality in which this species was originally found.	en	Silva, M. R., Paraíso, F., Al-Oboudi, J., Abegg, M., Aires, A., Barros, K. O., Brito, P. H., Jarzyna, M., Sylvester, K., Langdon, Q. K., Opulente, D. A., Carriconde, F., Fell, J. W., Hofmann, T. A., Lachance, M. - A., Legras, J. - L., Libkind, D., Pontes, A., Gonçalves, P., Rosa, C. A., Groenewald, M., Hittinger, C. T., Sampaio, J. P. (2025): A taxogenomic view of the genus Torulaspora: an expansion from ten to twenty-two species. Persoonia 54 (1): 265-283, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08
C549878B7535FFCAFF251471A5148453.taxon	materials_examined	Typus: USA, Arizona, Scaptodrosophila brooksae on Populus fremontii, 1985, M. A. Lachance (holotype PYCC 9174 H, ex-holotype cultures PYCC 9174, CBS 18510). The holotype is permanently maintained in a metabolically inactive state in the Portuguese Yeast Culture Collection, Caparica, Portugal. The genome of this species was deposited at DDBJ / ENA / GenBank under the accession GCA _ 964263435. The version described in this paper is v. 1.	en	Silva, M. R., Paraíso, F., Al-Oboudi, J., Abegg, M., Aires, A., Barros, K. O., Brito, P. H., Jarzyna, M., Sylvester, K., Langdon, Q. K., Opulente, D. A., Carriconde, F., Fell, J. W., Hofmann, T. A., Lachance, M. - A., Legras, J. - L., Libkind, D., Pontes, A., Gonçalves, P., Rosa, C. A., Groenewald, M., Hittinger, C. T., Sampaio, J. P. (2025): A taxogenomic view of the genus Torulaspora: an expansion from ten to twenty-two species. Persoonia 54 (1): 265-283, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08
C549878B7535FFCAFF251471A5148453.taxon	description	Description: After 1 wk on YM agar at 25 ° C, cultures are smooth, cream-coloured, and butyrous. After 3 d of growth on YM agar at 25 ° C, cells are ellipsoidal (3 – 5 × 2 – 3 µm) and occur singly or in pairs, and proliferation is by multilateral budding (Fig. 4 D). On Dalmau plates after 2 wk at 25 ° C, pseudohyphae and true hyphae are not formed. Sexual reproduction was not observed on acetate agar or corn meal agar after prolonged incubation (3 mo) at 18 ° C. The physiological and biochemical profile of the species are shown in Table 1 and Table S 5.	en	Silva, M. R., Paraíso, F., Al-Oboudi, J., Abegg, M., Aires, A., Barros, K. O., Brito, P. H., Jarzyna, M., Sylvester, K., Langdon, Q. K., Opulente, D. A., Carriconde, F., Fell, J. W., Hofmann, T. A., Lachance, M. - A., Legras, J. - L., Libkind, D., Pontes, A., Gonçalves, P., Rosa, C. A., Groenewald, M., Hittinger, C. T., Sampaio, J. P. (2025): A taxogenomic view of the genus Torulaspora: an expansion from ten to twenty-two species. Persoonia 54 (1): 265-283, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08
C549878B7535FFCAFF251471A5148453.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat and distribution: This species was found only once, in an insect (Scaptodrosophila brooksae), Arisona, USA.	en	Silva, M. R., Paraíso, F., Al-Oboudi, J., Abegg, M., Aires, A., Barros, K. O., Brito, P. H., Jarzyna, M., Sylvester, K., Langdon, Q. K., Opulente, D. A., Carriconde, F., Fell, J. W., Hofmann, T. A., Lachance, M. - A., Legras, J. - L., Libkind, D., Pontes, A., Gonçalves, P., Rosa, C. A., Groenewald, M., Hittinger, C. T., Sampaio, J. P. (2025): A taxogenomic view of the genus Torulaspora: an expansion from ten to twenty-two species. Persoonia 54 (1): 265-283, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08
C549878B7535FFCAFC9B1031A4A28350.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Torulaspora floroides. flo. ro’i. des, N. L. fem. adj. floroides, flower-like, referring to the peculiar budding pattern seen in this species in which a central parent cell is surrounded by multiple smaller buds, thus resembling a flower.	en	Silva, M. R., Paraíso, F., Al-Oboudi, J., Abegg, M., Aires, A., Barros, K. O., Brito, P. H., Jarzyna, M., Sylvester, K., Langdon, Q. K., Opulente, D. A., Carriconde, F., Fell, J. W., Hofmann, T. A., Lachance, M. - A., Legras, J. - L., Libkind, D., Pontes, A., Gonçalves, P., Rosa, C. A., Groenewald, M., Hittinger, C. T., Sampaio, J. P. (2025): A taxogenomic view of the genus Torulaspora: an expansion from ten to twenty-two species. Persoonia 54 (1): 265-283, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08
C549878B7535FFCAFC9B1031A4A28350.taxon	materials_examined	Typus: Brazil, state of Amazonas, Itacoatiara, Amazonian rainforest, Campus of the Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), rotting wood, 2019, K. O. Barros (holotype PYCC 9895 H, ex-holotype cultures PYCC 9895, UFMG-CM-Y 6992). The holotype is permanently maintained in a metabolically inactive state in the Portuguese Yeast Culture Collection, Caparica, Portugal. The genome of this species was deposited at DDBJ / ENA / GenBank under the accession GCA _ 964263535. The version described in this paper is v. 1.	en	Silva, M. R., Paraíso, F., Al-Oboudi, J., Abegg, M., Aires, A., Barros, K. O., Brito, P. H., Jarzyna, M., Sylvester, K., Langdon, Q. K., Opulente, D. A., Carriconde, F., Fell, J. W., Hofmann, T. A., Lachance, M. - A., Legras, J. - L., Libkind, D., Pontes, A., Gonçalves, P., Rosa, C. A., Groenewald, M., Hittinger, C. T., Sampaio, J. P. (2025): A taxogenomic view of the genus Torulaspora: an expansion from ten to twenty-two species. Persoonia 54 (1): 265-283, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08
C549878B7535FFCAFC9B1031A4A28350.taxon	description	Description: After 1 wk on YM agar at 25 ° C, cultures are smooth, cream-coloured, and butyrous. After 3 d of growth on YM agar at 25 ° C, cells are globose (2.5 – 4 µm) to sub-globose (3 – 5 × 2.5 – 3 µm) and occur singly or in pairs, and proliferation is by conspicuous multilateral budding (Fig. 4 E). On Dalmau plates after 2 wk at 25 ° C, no pseudohyphae nor true hyphae are formed. Sexual reproduction is observed on acetate agar after 20 d at 20 ° C, and the culture appears to be homothallic. Asci are persistent and normally are formed after conjugation involving a cell and its bud. Asci produce one to two smooth and spherical ascospores, measuring 2 – 3 µm diam. (Fig. 4 G). Conspicuous multilateral budding resulting in a central parental cell surrounded by numerous buds with a flower-like appearance is observed in older cultures grown in sporulation medium (Fig. 4 F). The physiological and biochemical profile of the species is shown in Table 1 and Table S 5.	en	Silva, M. R., Paraíso, F., Al-Oboudi, J., Abegg, M., Aires, A., Barros, K. O., Brito, P. H., Jarzyna, M., Sylvester, K., Langdon, Q. K., Opulente, D. A., Carriconde, F., Fell, J. W., Hofmann, T. A., Lachance, M. - A., Legras, J. - L., Libkind, D., Pontes, A., Gonçalves, P., Rosa, C. A., Groenewald, M., Hittinger, C. T., Sampaio, J. P. (2025): A taxogenomic view of the genus Torulaspora: an expansion from ten to twenty-two species. Persoonia 54 (1): 265-283, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08
C549878B7535FFCAFC9B1031A4A28350.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat and distribution: This species was found only once, in rotting wood, Amazonas state, Brazil.	en	Silva, M. R., Paraíso, F., Al-Oboudi, J., Abegg, M., Aires, A., Barros, K. O., Brito, P. H., Jarzyna, M., Sylvester, K., Langdon, Q. K., Opulente, D. A., Carriconde, F., Fell, J. W., Hofmann, T. A., Lachance, M. - A., Legras, J. - L., Libkind, D., Pontes, A., Gonçalves, P., Rosa, C. A., Groenewald, M., Hittinger, C. T., Sampaio, J. P. (2025): A taxogenomic view of the genus Torulaspora: an expansion from ten to twenty-two species. Persoonia 54 (1): 265-283, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08
C549878B7535FFCBFC9B1731A0A18610.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Torulaspora gathmanii. gath. man’i. i, N. L. gen. n. gathmanii, of Gathman, in honor of Allen C. Gathman, in recognition of his lifelong contributions to fungal genetics and genomics.	en	Silva, M. R., Paraíso, F., Al-Oboudi, J., Abegg, M., Aires, A., Barros, K. O., Brito, P. H., Jarzyna, M., Sylvester, K., Langdon, Q. K., Opulente, D. A., Carriconde, F., Fell, J. W., Hofmann, T. A., Lachance, M. - A., Legras, J. - L., Libkind, D., Pontes, A., Gonçalves, P., Rosa, C. A., Groenewald, M., Hittinger, C. T., Sampaio, J. P. (2025): A taxogenomic view of the genus Torulaspora: an expansion from ten to twenty-two species. Persoonia 54 (1): 265-283, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08
C549878B7535FFCBFC9B1731A0A18610.taxon	materials_examined	Typus: USA, Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Lakeshore Preserve, Prairie C, soil, 2016, M. Jarzyna (holotype PYCC 9889 H, ex-holotype cultures PYCC 9889, CBS 18642). The holotype is permanently maintained in a metabolically inactive state in the Portuguese Yeast Culture Collection, Caparica, Portugal. The genome of this species was deposited at DDBJ / ENA / GenBank under the accession GCA _ 030580195. The version described in this paper is v. 1.	en	Silva, M. R., Paraíso, F., Al-Oboudi, J., Abegg, M., Aires, A., Barros, K. O., Brito, P. H., Jarzyna, M., Sylvester, K., Langdon, Q. K., Opulente, D. A., Carriconde, F., Fell, J. W., Hofmann, T. A., Lachance, M. - A., Legras, J. - L., Libkind, D., Pontes, A., Gonçalves, P., Rosa, C. A., Groenewald, M., Hittinger, C. T., Sampaio, J. P. (2025): A taxogenomic view of the genus Torulaspora: an expansion from ten to twenty-two species. Persoonia 54 (1): 265-283, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08
C549878B7535FFCBFC9B1731A0A18610.taxon	description	Description: After 1 wk on YM agar at 25 ° C, cultures are smooth, cream-coloured, and butyrous. After 3 d of growth on YM agar at 25 ° C, cells are globose (3 – 5 µm) to sub-globose (4 – 6 × 3 – 5 µm) and occur singly or in pairs, and proliferation is by multilateral budding (Fig. 4 H). On Dalmau plates after 2 wk at 25 ° C, no pseudohyphae nor true hyphae are formed. Sexual reproduction is observed on acetate agar after 7 d at 20 ° C, and the cultures appear to be homothallic. Asci are persistent and normally are formed after conjugation involving a cell and its bud. Asci produce one to three, possibly four, smooth and spherical ascospores, measuring 3 – 4 µm diam. (Fig. 4 I, J). The physiological and biochemical profile of the species in shown in Table 1 and Table S 5.	en	Silva, M. R., Paraíso, F., Al-Oboudi, J., Abegg, M., Aires, A., Barros, K. O., Brito, P. H., Jarzyna, M., Sylvester, K., Langdon, Q. K., Opulente, D. A., Carriconde, F., Fell, J. W., Hofmann, T. A., Lachance, M. - A., Legras, J. - L., Libkind, D., Pontes, A., Gonçalves, P., Rosa, C. A., Groenewald, M., Hittinger, C. T., Sampaio, J. P. (2025): A taxogenomic view of the genus Torulaspora: an expansion from ten to twenty-two species. Persoonia 54 (1): 265-283, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08
C549878B7535FFCBFC9B1731A0A18610.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat and distribution: This species was found in soil, in preserved areas of the University of Wisconsin - Madison, Wisconsin, USA.	en	Silva, M. R., Paraíso, F., Al-Oboudi, J., Abegg, M., Aires, A., Barros, K. O., Brito, P. H., Jarzyna, M., Sylvester, K., Langdon, Q. K., Opulente, D. A., Carriconde, F., Fell, J. W., Hofmann, T. A., Lachance, M. - A., Legras, J. - L., Libkind, D., Pontes, A., Gonçalves, P., Rosa, C. A., Groenewald, M., Hittinger, C. T., Sampaio, J. P. (2025): A taxogenomic view of the genus Torulaspora: an expansion from ten to twenty-two species. Persoonia 54 (1): 265-283, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08
C549878B7535FFCBFC9B1731A0A18610.taxon	materials_examined	Additional cultures examined: PYCC 9890 (see Table S 1 for details).	en	Silva, M. R., Paraíso, F., Al-Oboudi, J., Abegg, M., Aires, A., Barros, K. O., Brito, P. H., Jarzyna, M., Sylvester, K., Langdon, Q. K., Opulente, D. A., Carriconde, F., Fell, J. W., Hofmann, T. A., Lachance, M. - A., Legras, J. - L., Libkind, D., Pontes, A., Gonçalves, P., Rosa, C. A., Groenewald, M., Hittinger, C. T., Sampaio, J. P. (2025): A taxogenomic view of the genus Torulaspora: an expansion from ten to twenty-two species. Persoonia 54 (1): 265-283, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08
C549878B7534FFCBFFD512F1A5408430.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Torulaspora incommunis. in. com’mu. nis, L. fem. adj. incommunis, uncommon, referring to the apparent rarity of this species that, albeit first isolated more than 90 years ago, is known from a very low number of isolates.	en	Silva, M. R., Paraíso, F., Al-Oboudi, J., Abegg, M., Aires, A., Barros, K. O., Brito, P. H., Jarzyna, M., Sylvester, K., Langdon, Q. K., Opulente, D. A., Carriconde, F., Fell, J. W., Hofmann, T. A., Lachance, M. - A., Legras, J. - L., Libkind, D., Pontes, A., Gonçalves, P., Rosa, C. A., Groenewald, M., Hittinger, C. T., Sampaio, J. P. (2025): A taxogenomic view of the genus Torulaspora: an expansion from ten to twenty-two species. Persoonia 54 (1): 265-283, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08
C549878B7534FFCBFFD512F1A5408430.taxon	materials_examined	Typus: Japan, Wakayama, sap of an orange tree (Citrus sp.), 1932, unknown collector (holotype PYCC 9318 H, ex-holotype cultures PYCC 9318, CBS 5080, IFO 0022). The holotype is permanently maintained in a metabolically inactive state in the Portuguese Yeast Culture Collection, Caparica, Portugal. The genome of this species was deposited at DDBJ / ENA / GenBank under the accession GCA _ 012851155. The version described in this paper is v. 1.	en	Silva, M. R., Paraíso, F., Al-Oboudi, J., Abegg, M., Aires, A., Barros, K. O., Brito, P. H., Jarzyna, M., Sylvester, K., Langdon, Q. K., Opulente, D. A., Carriconde, F., Fell, J. W., Hofmann, T. A., Lachance, M. - A., Legras, J. - L., Libkind, D., Pontes, A., Gonçalves, P., Rosa, C. A., Groenewald, M., Hittinger, C. T., Sampaio, J. P. (2025): A taxogenomic view of the genus Torulaspora: an expansion from ten to twenty-two species. Persoonia 54 (1): 265-283, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08
C549878B7534FFCBFFD512F1A5408430.taxon	description	Description: After 1 wk on YM agar at 25 ° C, cultures are smooth, cream-coloured, and butyrous. After 3 d of growth on YM agar at 25 ° C, cells are ellipsoidal (4 – 5 × 2.5 – 4 µm) and occur singly or in pairs, and proliferation is by multilateral budding (Fig. 4 K). On Dalmau plates after 2 wk at 25 ° C, no pseudohyphae nor true hyphae are formed. Sexual reproduction is observed on acetate agar after 20 d at 20 ° C, and the cultures appear to be homothallic. Asci are persistent and are formed after cell-to-cell conjugation frequently involving a cell and its bud and occasionally two independent cells. Asci produce one to two smooth and spherical ascospores, measuring 2.5 – 3 µm diam. (Fig. 4 L). The physiological and biochemical profile of the species in shown in Table 1 and Table S 5.	en	Silva, M. R., Paraíso, F., Al-Oboudi, J., Abegg, M., Aires, A., Barros, K. O., Brito, P. H., Jarzyna, M., Sylvester, K., Langdon, Q. K., Opulente, D. A., Carriconde, F., Fell, J. W., Hofmann, T. A., Lachance, M. - A., Legras, J. - L., Libkind, D., Pontes, A., Gonçalves, P., Rosa, C. A., Groenewald, M., Hittinger, C. T., Sampaio, J. P. (2025): A taxogenomic view of the genus Torulaspora: an expansion from ten to twenty-two species. Persoonia 54 (1): 265-283, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08
C549878B7534FFCBFFD512F1A5408430.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat and distribution: This species was found in the sap of an orange tree (Citrus sp.), Wakayama, Japan. Two additional cultures tentatively identified as this species were found in a rose flower in Fukuyama, Hiroshima, Japan and in soil in Taiwan.	en	Silva, M. R., Paraíso, F., Al-Oboudi, J., Abegg, M., Aires, A., Barros, K. O., Brito, P. H., Jarzyna, M., Sylvester, K., Langdon, Q. K., Opulente, D. A., Carriconde, F., Fell, J. W., Hofmann, T. A., Lachance, M. - A., Legras, J. - L., Libkind, D., Pontes, A., Gonçalves, P., Rosa, C. A., Groenewald, M., Hittinger, C. T., Sampaio, J. P. (2025): A taxogenomic view of the genus Torulaspora: an expansion from ten to twenty-two species. Persoonia 54 (1): 265-283, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08
C549878B7534FFCBFFD512F1A5408430.taxon	materials_examined	Additional cultures examined: During the investigation of D 1 / D 2 and ITS sequences deposited at GenBank, two additional representatives of this species were presumptively detected (Table S 2, Figs S 2, S 3): SG 5 S 08, found in soil, Taiwan and FR 994 (NBRCN 114950), found in a rose flower, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, Japan (Hisatomi & Toyomura 2021).	en	Silva, M. R., Paraíso, F., Al-Oboudi, J., Abegg, M., Aires, A., Barros, K. O., Brito, P. H., Jarzyna, M., Sylvester, K., Langdon, Q. K., Opulente, D. A., Carriconde, F., Fell, J. W., Hofmann, T. A., Lachance, M. - A., Legras, J. - L., Libkind, D., Pontes, A., Gonçalves, P., Rosa, C. A., Groenewald, M., Hittinger, C. T., Sampaio, J. P. (2025): A taxogenomic view of the genus Torulaspora: an expansion from ten to twenty-two species. Persoonia 54 (1): 265-283, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08
C549878B7534FFCBFC941011A53A8330.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Torulaspora kanakia. ka. na’ki. a, N. L. app. n. kanakia, pertaining to Kanak, the indigenous Melanesian inhabitants of New Caledonia, the island where the new species was found. Typus: New Caledonia, Mont Kogis, forest soil, 2014, J. P. Sampaio (holotype PYCC 8417 H, ex-holotype cultures PYCC 8417, CBS 18511). The holotype is permanently maintained in a metabolically inactive state in the Portuguese Yeast Culture Collection, Caparica, Portugal. The genome of this species was deposited at DDBJ / ENA / GenBank under the accession GCA _ 931302125. The version described in this paper is version one. Description: After 1 wk on YM agar at 25 ° C, cultures are smooth, cream-coloured, and butyrous. After 3 d of growth on YM agar at 25 ° C, cells are globose (4 – 5.5 µm) to sub-globose (4 – 6 × 3 – 5 µm) and occur singly or in pairs, and proliferation is by multilateral budding (Fig. 4 M). On Dalmau plates after 2 wk at 25 ° C, no pseudohyphae nor true hyphae are formed. Sexual reproduction is observed on acetate agar after 7 d at 20 ° C, and the cultures appear to be homothallic. Cellular extensions that resemble conjugation tubes are conspicuous and exceptionally long, reaching 8 µm (Fig. 4 N). Asci are persistent and normally are formed after conjugation involving a cell and its bud. Asci produce one to two smooth and spherical ascospores, measuring 2.5 – 3.5 µm diam. (Fig. 4 O). The physiological and biochemical profile of the species in shown in Table 1 and Table S 5. Habitat and distribution: This species was found in forest soil in New Caledonia. Additional cultures examined: PYCC 9027, PYCC 8418, PYCC 9025, PYCC 9026 (see Table S 1 for details).	en	Silva, M. R., Paraíso, F., Al-Oboudi, J., Abegg, M., Aires, A., Barros, K. O., Brito, P. H., Jarzyna, M., Sylvester, K., Langdon, Q. K., Opulente, D. A., Carriconde, F., Fell, J. W., Hofmann, T. A., Lachance, M. - A., Legras, J. - L., Libkind, D., Pontes, A., Gonçalves, P., Rosa, C. A., Groenewald, M., Hittinger, C. T., Sampaio, J. P. (2025): A taxogenomic view of the genus Torulaspora: an expansion from ten to twenty-two species. Persoonia 54 (1): 265-283, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08
C549878B7534FFCCFC941711A4758770.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Torulaspora mapucheana. ma. pu’che. a. na, N. L. fem. adj. mapucheana, referring to Mapuche, the group of indigenous inhabitants of present-day south-central Chile and southwestern Argentina.	en	Silva, M. R., Paraíso, F., Al-Oboudi, J., Abegg, M., Aires, A., Barros, K. O., Brito, P. H., Jarzyna, M., Sylvester, K., Langdon, Q. K., Opulente, D. A., Carriconde, F., Fell, J. W., Hofmann, T. A., Lachance, M. - A., Legras, J. - L., Libkind, D., Pontes, A., Gonçalves, P., Rosa, C. A., Groenewald, M., Hittinger, C. T., Sampaio, J. P. (2025): A taxogenomic view of the genus Torulaspora: an expansion from ten to twenty-two species. Persoonia 54 (1): 265-283, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08
C549878B7534FFCCFC941711A4758770.taxon	materials_examined	Typus: Argentina, Lanin National Park, Yuco, bark of Nothofagus obliqua, 2009, D. Libkind (holotype PYCC 9893 H, ex-holotype cultures PYCC 9893, CBS 18512). The holotype is permanently maintained in a metabolically inactive state in the Portuguese Yeast Culture Collection, Caparica, Portugal. The genome of this species was deposited at DDBJ / ENA / GenBank under the accession GCA _ 964263445. The version described in this paper is v. 1.	en	Silva, M. R., Paraíso, F., Al-Oboudi, J., Abegg, M., Aires, A., Barros, K. O., Brito, P. H., Jarzyna, M., Sylvester, K., Langdon, Q. K., Opulente, D. A., Carriconde, F., Fell, J. W., Hofmann, T. A., Lachance, M. - A., Legras, J. - L., Libkind, D., Pontes, A., Gonçalves, P., Rosa, C. A., Groenewald, M., Hittinger, C. T., Sampaio, J. P. (2025): A taxogenomic view of the genus Torulaspora: an expansion from ten to twenty-two species. Persoonia 54 (1): 265-283, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08
C549878B7534FFCCFC941711A4758770.taxon	description	Description: After 1 wk on YM agar at 25 ° C, cultures are smooth, cream-coloured, and butyrous. After 3 d of growth on YM agar at 25 ° C, cells are globose (1.5 – 4 µm) to sub-globose (4 – 5 × 2 – 3 µm) and occur singly or in pairs, and proliferation is by multilateral budding (Fig. 4 P). On Dalmau plates after 2 wk at 25 ° C, no pseudohyphae nor true hyphae are formed. Sexual reproduction is observed on acetate agar after 15 d at 20 ° C and the cultures appear to be homothallic. Cellular extensions that resemble conjugation tubes are frequent and usually are not involved in conjugation (Fig. 4. Q). Asci are persistent and normally are formed after conjugation involving a cell and its bud. Asci produce one to two smooth and spherical ascospores, measuring 2 – 3 µm diam. (Fig. 4 R). The physiological and biochemical profile of the species in shown in Table 1 and Table S 5.	en	Silva, M. R., Paraíso, F., Al-Oboudi, J., Abegg, M., Aires, A., Barros, K. O., Brito, P. H., Jarzyna, M., Sylvester, K., Langdon, Q. K., Opulente, D. A., Carriconde, F., Fell, J. W., Hofmann, T. A., Lachance, M. - A., Legras, J. - L., Libkind, D., Pontes, A., Gonçalves, P., Rosa, C. A., Groenewald, M., Hittinger, C. T., Sampaio, J. P. (2025): A taxogenomic view of the genus Torulaspora: an expansion from ten to twenty-two species. Persoonia 54 (1): 265-283, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08
C549878B7534FFCCFC941711A4758770.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat and distribution: This species was found in the arboreal niche, in association with Nothofagus spp. Cultures were isolated from the bark of Nothofagus obliqua and the fruiting body of Cyttaria harioti on N. antarctica. Currently known from collections in Patagonia, Argentina (Yuco and Los Rápidos, Nahuel Huapi natural park).	en	Silva, M. R., Paraíso, F., Al-Oboudi, J., Abegg, M., Aires, A., Barros, K. O., Brito, P. H., Jarzyna, M., Sylvester, K., Langdon, Q. K., Opulente, D. A., Carriconde, F., Fell, J. W., Hofmann, T. A., Lachance, M. - A., Legras, J. - L., Libkind, D., Pontes, A., Gonçalves, P., Rosa, C. A., Groenewald, M., Hittinger, C. T., Sampaio, J. P. (2025): A taxogenomic view of the genus Torulaspora: an expansion from ten to twenty-two species. Persoonia 54 (1): 265-283, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08
C549878B7534FFCCFC941711A4758770.taxon	materials_examined	Additional cultures examined: PYCC 9894, PYCC 9057 (see Table S 1 for details).	en	Silva, M. R., Paraíso, F., Al-Oboudi, J., Abegg, M., Aires, A., Barros, K. O., Brito, P. H., Jarzyna, M., Sylvester, K., Langdon, Q. K., Opulente, D. A., Carriconde, F., Fell, J. W., Hofmann, T. A., Lachance, M. - A., Legras, J. - L., Libkind, D., Pontes, A., Gonçalves, P., Rosa, C. A., Groenewald, M., Hittinger, C. T., Sampaio, J. P. (2025): A taxogenomic view of the genus Torulaspora: an expansion from ten to twenty-two species. Persoonia 54 (1): 265-283, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08
C549878B7533FFCDFC9B1351A2618050.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Torulaspora markjohnstonii. mark. john’sto. ni. i, N. L. gen. n. markjohnstonii, of Mark Johnston, in honor of Mark Johnston, in recognition of his lifelong contributions to yeast genetics and genomics.	en	Silva, M. R., Paraíso, F., Al-Oboudi, J., Abegg, M., Aires, A., Barros, K. O., Brito, P. H., Jarzyna, M., Sylvester, K., Langdon, Q. K., Opulente, D. A., Carriconde, F., Fell, J. W., Hofmann, T. A., Lachance, M. - A., Legras, J. - L., Libkind, D., Pontes, A., Gonçalves, P., Rosa, C. A., Groenewald, M., Hittinger, C. T., Sampaio, J. P. (2025): A taxogenomic view of the genus Torulaspora: an expansion from ten to twenty-two species. Persoonia 54 (1): 265-283, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08
C549878B7533FFCDFC9B1351A2618050.taxon	materials_examined	Typus: USA, North Carolina, Winston-Salem, soil under Acer saccharinum, 2014, L. Shown (holotype PYCC 9891 H, ex-holotype cultures PYCC 9891, CBS 18641). The holotype is permanently maintained in a metabolically inactive state in the Portuguese Yeast Culture Collection, Caparica, Portugal. The genome of this species was deposited at DDBJ / ENA / GenBank under the accession GCA _ 048593755. The version described in this paper is v. 1.	en	Silva, M. R., Paraíso, F., Al-Oboudi, J., Abegg, M., Aires, A., Barros, K. O., Brito, P. H., Jarzyna, M., Sylvester, K., Langdon, Q. K., Opulente, D. A., Carriconde, F., Fell, J. W., Hofmann, T. A., Lachance, M. - A., Legras, J. - L., Libkind, D., Pontes, A., Gonçalves, P., Rosa, C. A., Groenewald, M., Hittinger, C. T., Sampaio, J. P. (2025): A taxogenomic view of the genus Torulaspora: an expansion from ten to twenty-two species. Persoonia 54 (1): 265-283, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08
C549878B7533FFCDFC9B1351A2618050.taxon	description	Description: After 1 wk on YM agar at 25 ° C, cultures are smooth, cream-coloured, and butyrous. After 3 d of growth on YM agar at 25 ° C, cells are globose (3 – 5.5 µm) to sub-globose (2.5 – 6 × 2 – 4 µm) and occur singly or in pairs, and proliferation is by multilateral budding (Fig. 4 S). On Dalmau plates after 2 wk at 25 ° C, no pseudohyphae nor true hyphae are formed. Sexual reproduction is observed on acetate agar after 10 d at 17 ° C, and the cultures appear to be homothallic. Cellular extensions that resemble conjugation tubes are frequent and usually are not involved in conjugation. Asci are persistent and normally are formed after conjugation involving a cell and its bud. Asci produce one to two smooth and spherical ascospores, measuring 2 – 3 µm diam. (Fig. 4 T). The physiological and biochemical profile of the species in shown in Table 1 and Table S 5.	en	Silva, M. R., Paraíso, F., Al-Oboudi, J., Abegg, M., Aires, A., Barros, K. O., Brito, P. H., Jarzyna, M., Sylvester, K., Langdon, Q. K., Opulente, D. A., Carriconde, F., Fell, J. W., Hofmann, T. A., Lachance, M. - A., Legras, J. - L., Libkind, D., Pontes, A., Gonçalves, P., Rosa, C. A., Groenewald, M., Hittinger, C. T., Sampaio, J. P. (2025): A taxogenomic view of the genus Torulaspora: an expansion from ten to twenty-two species. Persoonia 54 (1): 265-283, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08
C549878B7533FFCDFC9B1351A2618050.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat and distribution: This species was found in the bark of Quercus pubescens (Italy), and Q. robur (Portugal), soil (USA), and in a cider brewery (France). Currently known from collections in Europe and USA.	en	Silva, M. R., Paraíso, F., Al-Oboudi, J., Abegg, M., Aires, A., Barros, K. O., Brito, P. H., Jarzyna, M., Sylvester, K., Langdon, Q. K., Opulente, D. A., Carriconde, F., Fell, J. W., Hofmann, T. A., Lachance, M. - A., Legras, J. - L., Libkind, D., Pontes, A., Gonçalves, P., Rosa, C. A., Groenewald, M., Hittinger, C. T., Sampaio, J. P. (2025): A taxogenomic view of the genus Torulaspora: an expansion from ten to twenty-two species. Persoonia 54 (1): 265-283, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08
C549878B7533FFCDFC9B1351A2618050.taxon	materials_examined	Additional cultures examined: PYCC 9561, PYCC 8308, PYCC 9892 (see Table S 1 for details).	en	Silva, M. R., Paraíso, F., Al-Oboudi, J., Abegg, M., Aires, A., Barros, K. O., Brito, P. H., Jarzyna, M., Sylvester, K., Langdon, Q. K., Opulente, D. A., Carriconde, F., Fell, J. W., Hofmann, T. A., Lachance, M. - A., Legras, J. - L., Libkind, D., Pontes, A., Gonçalves, P., Rosa, C. A., Groenewald, M., Hittinger, C. T., Sampaio, J. P. (2025): A taxogenomic view of the genus Torulaspora: an expansion from ten to twenty-two species. Persoonia 54 (1): 265-283, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08
C549878B7532FFCDFFD51431A3138490.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Torulaspora nezacadeziae. ne. za. ca. de’zi. ae, N. L. gen n. nezacadeziae, of Neža Čadež, in honour of Neža Čadež, in recognition of her contributions to yeast taxonomy.	en	Silva, M. R., Paraíso, F., Al-Oboudi, J., Abegg, M., Aires, A., Barros, K. O., Brito, P. H., Jarzyna, M., Sylvester, K., Langdon, Q. K., Opulente, D. A., Carriconde, F., Fell, J. W., Hofmann, T. A., Lachance, M. - A., Legras, J. - L., Libkind, D., Pontes, A., Gonçalves, P., Rosa, C. A., Groenewald, M., Hittinger, C. T., Sampaio, J. P. (2025): A taxogenomic view of the genus Torulaspora: an expansion from ten to twenty-two species. Persoonia 54 (1): 265-283, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08
C549878B7532FFCDFFD51431A3138490.taxon	materials_examined	Typus: Japan, Chiba Prefecture, soil underneath Castanopsis sieboldii, 2008, Y. Imanishi (holotype PYCC 8102 H, ex-holotype cultures PYCC 8102, CBS 18513). The holotype is permanently maintained in a metabolically inactive state in the Portuguese Yeast Culture Collection, Caparica, Portugal. The genome of this species was deposited at DDBJ / ENA / GenBank under the accession GCA _ 964263675. The version described in this paper is v. 1.	en	Silva, M. R., Paraíso, F., Al-Oboudi, J., Abegg, M., Aires, A., Barros, K. O., Brito, P. H., Jarzyna, M., Sylvester, K., Langdon, Q. K., Opulente, D. A., Carriconde, F., Fell, J. W., Hofmann, T. A., Lachance, M. - A., Legras, J. - L., Libkind, D., Pontes, A., Gonçalves, P., Rosa, C. A., Groenewald, M., Hittinger, C. T., Sampaio, J. P. (2025): A taxogenomic view of the genus Torulaspora: an expansion from ten to twenty-two species. Persoonia 54 (1): 265-283, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08
C549878B7532FFCDFFD51431A3138490.taxon	description	Description: After 1 wk on YM agar at 25 ° C, cultures are smooth, cream-coloured, and butyrous. After 3 d of growth on YM agar at 25 ° C, cells are globose (3 – 5 µm) to sub-globose (4 – 5 × 2 – 4 µm) and occur singly or in pairs, and proliferation is by multilateral budding (Fig. 4 U). On Dalmau plates after 2 wk at 25 ° C, no pseudohyphae nor true hyphae are formed. Sexual reproduction is observed on acetate agar after 15 d at 20 ° C, and the cultures appear to be homothallic. Cellular extensions that resemble conjugation tubes are frequent and usually are not involved in conjugation. Asci are persistent and normally are formed after conjugation involving a cell and its bud. Asci produce one to three, possibly four, smooth and spherical ascospores, measuring 1.5 – 2.5 µm diam. (Fig. 4 V, W). The physiological and biochemical profile of the species in shown in Table 1 and Table S 5.	en	Silva, M. R., Paraíso, F., Al-Oboudi, J., Abegg, M., Aires, A., Barros, K. O., Brito, P. H., Jarzyna, M., Sylvester, K., Langdon, Q. K., Opulente, D. A., Carriconde, F., Fell, J. W., Hofmann, T. A., Lachance, M. - A., Legras, J. - L., Libkind, D., Pontes, A., Gonçalves, P., Rosa, C. A., Groenewald, M., Hittinger, C. T., Sampaio, J. P. (2025): A taxogenomic view of the genus Torulaspora: an expansion from ten to twenty-two species. Persoonia 54 (1): 265-283, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08
C549878B7532FFCDFFD51431A3138490.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat and distribution: This species was found only once in soil underneath Castanopsis sieboldii, Chiba Prefecture, Japan.	en	Silva, M. R., Paraíso, F., Al-Oboudi, J., Abegg, M., Aires, A., Barros, K. O., Brito, P. H., Jarzyna, M., Sylvester, K., Langdon, Q. K., Opulente, D. A., Carriconde, F., Fell, J. W., Hofmann, T. A., Lachance, M. - A., Legras, J. - L., Libkind, D., Pontes, A., Gonçalves, P., Rosa, C. A., Groenewald, M., Hittinger, C. T., Sampaio, J. P. (2025): A taxogenomic view of the genus Torulaspora: an expansion from ten to twenty-two species. Persoonia 54 (1): 265-283, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08
C549878B7532FFCDFC941371A5618330.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Torulaspora obscura. ob. scu’ra, L. fem. adj. obscura, obscure, referring to the unknown natural niche of this species because all known strains have been isolated from anthropic environments.	en	Silva, M. R., Paraíso, F., Al-Oboudi, J., Abegg, M., Aires, A., Barros, K. O., Brito, P. H., Jarzyna, M., Sylvester, K., Langdon, Q. K., Opulente, D. A., Carriconde, F., Fell, J. W., Hofmann, T. A., Lachance, M. - A., Legras, J. - L., Libkind, D., Pontes, A., Gonçalves, P., Rosa, C. A., Groenewald, M., Hittinger, C. T., Sampaio, J. P. (2025): A taxogenomic view of the genus Torulaspora: an expansion from ten to twenty-two species. Persoonia 54 (1): 265-283, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08
C549878B7532FFCDFC941371A5618330.taxon	materials_examined	Typus: Belgium, Oedelem, aquakefir, 2009, E. Vercammen (holotype PYCC 8933 H, ex-holotype cultures PYCC 8933, CBS 18514). The holotype is permanently maintained in a metabolically inactive state in the Portuguese Yeast Culture Collection, Caparica, Portugal. The genome of this species was deposited at DDBJ / ENA / GenBank under the accession GCA _ 964263565. The version described in this paper is v. 1.	en	Silva, M. R., Paraíso, F., Al-Oboudi, J., Abegg, M., Aires, A., Barros, K. O., Brito, P. H., Jarzyna, M., Sylvester, K., Langdon, Q. K., Opulente, D. A., Carriconde, F., Fell, J. W., Hofmann, T. A., Lachance, M. - A., Legras, J. - L., Libkind, D., Pontes, A., Gonçalves, P., Rosa, C. A., Groenewald, M., Hittinger, C. T., Sampaio, J. P. (2025): A taxogenomic view of the genus Torulaspora: an expansion from ten to twenty-two species. Persoonia 54 (1): 265-283, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08
C549878B7532FFCDFC941371A5618330.taxon	description	Description: After 1 wk on YM agar at 25 ° C, cultures are smooth, cream-coloured, and butyrous. After 3 d of growth on YM agar at 25 ° C, cells are globose (2 – 4 µm) and occur singly or in pairs, and proliferation is by multilateral budding (Fig. 4 X). On Dalmau plates after 2 wk at 25 ° C, no pseudohyphae nor true hyphae are formed. Sexual reproduction was not observed on acetate agar or corn meal agar after prolonged incubation (3 mo) at 18 ° C. The physiological and biochemical profile of the species in shown in Table 1 and Table S 5.	en	Silva, M. R., Paraíso, F., Al-Oboudi, J., Abegg, M., Aires, A., Barros, K. O., Brito, P. H., Jarzyna, M., Sylvester, K., Langdon, Q. K., Opulente, D. A., Carriconde, F., Fell, J. W., Hofmann, T. A., Lachance, M. - A., Legras, J. - L., Libkind, D., Pontes, A., Gonçalves, P., Rosa, C. A., Groenewald, M., Hittinger, C. T., Sampaio, J. P. (2025): A taxogenomic view of the genus Torulaspora: an expansion from ten to twenty-two species. Persoonia 54 (1): 265-283, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08
C549878B7532FFCDFC941371A5618330.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat and distribution: This species was found in anthropic environments, including aquakefir, orange soda and artificial orange juice. Currently known from collections in Belgium, UK and Brazil.	en	Silva, M. R., Paraíso, F., Al-Oboudi, J., Abegg, M., Aires, A., Barros, K. O., Brito, P. H., Jarzyna, M., Sylvester, K., Langdon, Q. K., Opulente, D. A., Carriconde, F., Fell, J. W., Hofmann, T. A., Lachance, M. - A., Legras, J. - L., Libkind, D., Pontes, A., Gonçalves, P., Rosa, C. A., Groenewald, M., Hittinger, C. T., Sampaio, J. P. (2025): A taxogenomic view of the genus Torulaspora: an expansion from ten to twenty-two species. Persoonia 54 (1): 265-283, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08
C549878B7532FFCDFC941371A5618330.taxon	materials_examined	Additional cultures examined: NCYC 2473, PYCC 5189, UFMG-CM Y 5068 (see Table S 1 for details).	en	Silva, M. R., Paraíso, F., Al-Oboudi, J., Abegg, M., Aires, A., Barros, K. O., Brito, P. H., Jarzyna, M., Sylvester, K., Langdon, Q. K., Opulente, D. A., Carriconde, F., Fell, J. W., Hofmann, T. A., Lachance, M. - A., Legras, J. - L., Libkind, D., Pontes, A., Gonçalves, P., Rosa, C. A., Groenewald, M., Hittinger, C. T., Sampaio, J. P. (2025): A taxogenomic view of the genus Torulaspora: an expansion from ten to twenty-two species. Persoonia 54 (1): 265-283, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08
C549878B7532FFCEFC941711A1B18630.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Torulaspora pahokee. pa. ho’kee, NL. app. n. pahokee, referring to Pahokee, meaning “ Grassy Water ”, the name given to the Everglades by the Seminole, a Native American tribe that inhabits Florida.	en	Silva, M. R., Paraíso, F., Al-Oboudi, J., Abegg, M., Aires, A., Barros, K. O., Brito, P. H., Jarzyna, M., Sylvester, K., Langdon, Q. K., Opulente, D. A., Carriconde, F., Fell, J. W., Hofmann, T. A., Lachance, M. - A., Legras, J. - L., Libkind, D., Pontes, A., Gonçalves, P., Rosa, C. A., Groenewald, M., Hittinger, C. T., Sampaio, J. P. (2025): A taxogenomic view of the genus Torulaspora: an expansion from ten to twenty-two species. Persoonia 54 (1): 265-283, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08
C549878B7532FFCEFC941711A1B18630.taxon	materials_examined	Typus: USA, Florida, Everglades, sea water, 1996, J. Fell (holotype PYCC 9316 H, ex-holotype cultures PYCC 9316, CBS 11100). The holotype is permanently maintained in a metabolically inactive state in the Portuguese Yeast Culture Collection, Caparica, Portugal. The genome of this species was deposited at DDBJ / ENA / GenBank under the accession GCA _ 012851095. The version described in this paper is v. 1.	en	Silva, M. R., Paraíso, F., Al-Oboudi, J., Abegg, M., Aires, A., Barros, K. O., Brito, P. H., Jarzyna, M., Sylvester, K., Langdon, Q. K., Opulente, D. A., Carriconde, F., Fell, J. W., Hofmann, T. A., Lachance, M. - A., Legras, J. - L., Libkind, D., Pontes, A., Gonçalves, P., Rosa, C. A., Groenewald, M., Hittinger, C. T., Sampaio, J. P. (2025): A taxogenomic view of the genus Torulaspora: an expansion from ten to twenty-two species. Persoonia 54 (1): 265-283, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08
C549878B7532FFCEFC941711A1B18630.taxon	description	Description: After 1 wk on YM agar at 25 ° C, cultures are smooth, cream-coloured, and butyrous. After 3 d of growth on YM agar at 25 ° C, cells are globose (3 – 5 µm) to sub-globose (4 – 5 × 2 – 3 µm) and occur singly or in pairs, and proliferation is by multilateral budding (Fig. 4 Y). On Dalmau plates after 2 wk at 25 ° C, no pseudohyphae nor true hyphae are formed. Sexual reproduction is observed on acetate agar after 10 d at 17 ° C, and the studied strains appear to be homothallic. Asci are persistent and are formed after cell-to-cell conjugation involving either a cell and its bud or two independent cells. Asci produce one to two smooth and spherical ascospores, measuring 2.5 – 3 µm diam. (Fig. 4 Z). Typical Torulaspora cellular extensions that resemble conjugation tubes are frequent but not involved in conjugation. The physiological and biochemical profile of the species in shown in Table 1 and Table S 5.	en	Silva, M. R., Paraíso, F., Al-Oboudi, J., Abegg, M., Aires, A., Barros, K. O., Brito, P. H., Jarzyna, M., Sylvester, K., Langdon, Q. K., Opulente, D. A., Carriconde, F., Fell, J. W., Hofmann, T. A., Lachance, M. - A., Legras, J. - L., Libkind, D., Pontes, A., Gonçalves, P., Rosa, C. A., Groenewald, M., Hittinger, C. T., Sampaio, J. P. (2025): A taxogenomic view of the genus Torulaspora: an expansion from ten to twenty-two species. Persoonia 54 (1): 265-283, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08
C549878B7532FFCEFC941711A1B18630.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat and distribution: This species was found in sea water, Everglades, Florida, USA	en	Silva, M. R., Paraíso, F., Al-Oboudi, J., Abegg, M., Aires, A., Barros, K. O., Brito, P. H., Jarzyna, M., Sylvester, K., Langdon, Q. K., Opulente, D. A., Carriconde, F., Fell, J. W., Hofmann, T. A., Lachance, M. - A., Legras, J. - L., Libkind, D., Pontes, A., Gonçalves, P., Rosa, C. A., Groenewald, M., Hittinger, C. T., Sampaio, J. P. (2025): A taxogenomic view of the genus Torulaspora: an expansion from ten to twenty-two species. Persoonia 54 (1): 265-283, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08
C549878B7532FFCEFC941711A1B18630.taxon	materials_examined	Additional cultures examined: CBS 11121, CBS 11123, CBS 11124 (see Table S 1 for details).	en	Silva, M. R., Paraíso, F., Al-Oboudi, J., Abegg, M., Aires, A., Barros, K. O., Brito, P. H., Jarzyna, M., Sylvester, K., Langdon, Q. K., Opulente, D. A., Carriconde, F., Fell, J. W., Hofmann, T. A., Lachance, M. - A., Legras, J. - L., Libkind, D., Pontes, A., Gonçalves, P., Rosa, C. A., Groenewald, M., Hittinger, C. T., Sampaio, J. P. (2025): A taxogenomic view of the genus Torulaspora: an expansion from ten to twenty-two species. Persoonia 54 (1): 265-283, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08
C549878B7531FFCEFF251211A1A582D0.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Torulaspora ventriculi. ven. tri’cu. li, L. gen. n. ventriculi, of the ventriculus, referring to the digestive tract, the habitat where several strains of this species were found. Typus: Mozambique, Vila Cabral, human faeces, 1958, N. van Uden (holotype PYCC 2995 H, ex-holotype cultures PYCC 2995, CBS 4887). The holotype is permanently maintained in a metabolically inactive state in the Portuguese Yeast Culture Collection, Caparica, Portugal. The genome of this species was deposited at DDBJ / ENA / GenBank under the accession GCA _ 964263485. The version described in this paper is v. 1. Description: After 1 wk on YM agar at 25 ° C, cultures are smooth, cream-coloured, and butyrous. After 3 d of growth on YM agar at 25 ° C, cells are globose (2 – 5 µm) and occur singly or in pairs, and proliferation is by multilateral budding (Fig. 4 AA). On Dalmau plates after 2 wk at 25 ° C, no pseudohyphae nor true hyphae are formed. Sexual reproduction was not observed on acetate agar or corn meal agar after prolonged incubation (3 mo) at 18 ° C. The physiological and biochemical profile of the species in shown in Table 1 and Table S 5. Habitat and distribution: This species was found in soil and faeces (human and hippopotamus). Currently known from collections in Mozambique (Vila Cabral and Incomati River) and Papua New Guinea. Additional cultures examined: CBS 2947, PYCC 2996, PYCC 2997 (see Table S 1 for details).	en	Silva, M. R., Paraíso, F., Al-Oboudi, J., Abegg, M., Aires, A., Barros, K. O., Brito, P. H., Jarzyna, M., Sylvester, K., Langdon, Q. K., Opulente, D. A., Carriconde, F., Fell, J. W., Hofmann, T. A., Lachance, M. - A., Legras, J. - L., Libkind, D., Pontes, A., Gonçalves, P., Rosa, C. A., Groenewald, M., Hittinger, C. T., Sampaio, J. P. (2025): A taxogenomic view of the genus Torulaspora: an expansion from ten to twenty-two species. Persoonia 54 (1): 265-283, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08
