identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
C039D258742B2751FF39FE2BFAACF820.text	C039D258742B2751FF39FE2BFAACF820.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epeurysa Matsumura 1900	<div><p>Genus Epeurysa Matsumura, 1900</p><p>= Upachara Distant, 1906, synonym by Fennah (1975: 82).</p><p>Type species. Epeurysa nawaii Matsumura, 1900</p><p>Amended description. Mid-sized Tropidocephalini . Body coloration usually uniform shades of dull brown. Head just narrower than pronotum. Vertex quadrangular, short and broad (width more than 2× midlength), median carina faint, sublateral carinae arched medially, meeting before fastigium; in lateral view, head below level of pronotum giving body a hump-backed appearance; head in profile with fastigium rounded (clypeus receded weakly from level of frons). Frons broad, subquadrate with lateral margins laterally bowed (widest point near midlength); median carina distinct, forked near fastigium to form an indistinct areolet between arms and sublateral carinae of vertex. Postclypeus in profile in same plane as frons. Antennae short and terete, scape just longer than wide, pedicle just longer than scape.</p><p>Pronotum broad, longer than vertex at midlength, anterior margin rounded, posterior margin broadly concave; tricarinate, lateral carinae laterally arched, not reaching posterior margin; carinae between eye and tegulae absent; in lateral view pronotum declinate anteriorly. Mesonotum longer at midlength than vertex and pronotum combined; tricarinate, lateral carinae diverging; median carina not strongly keeled at scutellum. Calcar thickened and tectiform, bearing apical tooth but lacking teeth on trailing margin; apical spinulation 5 (3+2)-6-4 (Fig. 2). Forewings transparent, often indistinctly and irregularly washed with fuscous, veins setose.</p><p>Male terminalia in lateral view with pygofer broad, appearing irregularly triangular (broadest ventrad), lateral margins of pygofer opening convex, rounded (not strongly produced), lateroapical portion of opening receding (not expanded or produced); medioventral portion of opening (from caudoventral view) bearing median flange with elongate median process flanked with low lateral lobes; from caudal view pygofer opening round, margins not keeled, diaphragm weak. Gonostyli forked in appearance (except simple in E. stigma, Asche 1984, fig. 4E), basal angle prominent and strongly produced, otherwise simple, outer and inner angles of apex weakly (or not) produced. Thecal base bulbous and twisted, bearing prominent, elongated, helically downcurved processes, subequal to theca in length, theca simple and tubular, apex often enlarged (may be ornamented with serrulations), usually bearing a laterally directed hooked process. Anal tube from lateral view broad, relatively short and quadrate, ventrolateral margins each bearing a short, thick process, widely separated from caudal view (except slender and acuminate in E. stigma, Asche 1984, fig. 3E); paraproct conspicuous, tubular, conical or elongated.</p><p>Remarks. Epeurysa nawaii is now the only species of Tropidocephalini in the United States. Superficially, it resembles species in the genus Pareuidella Beamer (Delphacini) in size and general coloration, except that Epeurysa has a somewhat hump-backed appearance, a short, wide vertex, and a broader frons. Epeurysa differs from most North American Delphacini (including Pareuidella) in having a broad frons, a thick, tectiform calcar, lacking teeth on the posterior margin (a characteristic of the tribe). North American taxa that lack teeth on the calcar (e.g., Liburniella Stål) do not resemble Epeurysa .</p><p>Few delphacid genera in the United States bear processes on the medioventral margin of the pygofer (Bartlett et al. 2014). The taxon with the most similar pygofer structure might be the adventive taro delphacid Tarophagus colocasiae (Matsumura) (see Bartlett &amp;Wilson 2023, fig. 8), which has a similar trilobed structure on the medioventral margin of the pygofer, except the lateral lobes are angular and usually longer (or similar in height) than the median lobe. Tarophagus Zimmerman is in the Delphacini and bears few superficial similarities with Epeurysa .</p><p>Plant associations. Species of Epeurysa are reported from various species of bamboo ( Poaceae, Bambusoideae) (Table 2), including the genera Arundinaria Michx., Bambusa Schreb., Chimonobambusa Makino, Phyllostachys Siebold &amp; Zucc., Sinobambusa Makino ex Nakai, and Yushania Keng f. (Yang &amp; Yang 1986, Ding 2006).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C039D258742B2751FF39FE2BFAACF820	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hendrix, Solomon V.;Hayashi, Masami;Fujinuma, Satoshi;Bartlett, Charles R.	Hendrix, Solomon V., Hayashi, Masami, Fujinuma, Satoshi, Bartlett, Charles R. (2025): First report of the Asian planthopper Epeurysa nawaii (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Delphacidae) in the United States, a species detected through community science observations. Zootaxa 5686 (3): 425-437, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.6
C039D258742C275BFF39FBB2FDD9FB90.text	C039D258742C275BFF39FBB2FDD9FB90.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epeurysa nawaii Matsumura 1900	<div><p>Epeurysa nawaii Matsumura, 1900</p><p>(Figures 1–4)</p><p>Type locality. Japan (Gifu) .</p><p>Amended description. Color . General body coloration (Figs 1A–B) uniform, dull brown. Forewings clear transparent to weakly embrowned, sometimes with dark markings at apex of clavus and/or just proximad of ScP along costal margin. Abdominal segments reddish brown except pygofer and gonostyli dark brown (Fig. 1D).</p><p>Structure. Body length ♂: 3.47 mm (n=4, 3.26–3.60 mm), ♀: 3.79 mm (n=6, 3.65–3.91 mm).</p><p>In dorsal view (Fig. 1A), vertex quadrangular, short (width approximately 3.2× midlength), sublateral carinae arched from anterior margin of eyes, meeting medially just before head apex; in lateral view (Fig. 1B), head depressed below level of pronotum, body with hump-backed appearance; head in profile with vertex declinate, fastigium rounded (clypeus receded from level of frons). Frons broad (Fig. 1C, height at midline approximately 1.2× greatest width), subquadrate, lateral margins laterally bowed (widest near midlength); median carina distinct, forked near fastigium to form indistinct areolet between arms and sublateral carinae of vertex at dorsal margin of frons. Antennae short and terete, scape approximately 1.4× greatest width, pedicle approximately 1.7× longer than greatest width (pedicel approximately 1.4× length of scape).</p><p>Pronotum broad (Fig. 1A), 2× longer than vertex at midlength, tricarinate, lateral carinae laterally arched, not reaching posterior margin; in lateral view pronotum declinate anteriorly. Mesonotum approximately 1.5× longer at midlength than vertex and pronotum combined; tricarinate (carinae strong anteriorly), lateral carinae diverging posteriorly, all carinae obsolete (or nearly so) before posterior margin. Calcar about 0.6× length of basitarsus (Fig. 2).</p><p>Male terminalia in lateral view (Figs 3A–B) with pygofer broad, irregularly triangular (broadest ventrally), lateral margins of pygofer opening irregularly convex (not strongly produced); medioventral portion of opening from caudoventral view (Figs 3D–E) bearing median flange with elongated spatulate median process flanked with rounded lateral lobes (much wider than tall). Gonostyli (Figs 3D, 4C) strongly sclerotized, forked with basal angle prominent, converging in proximal half (in contact medially), then diverging to blunt apices; outer portion simple, narrowing distad (with a small ridge on inner edge) to broader, spatulate rounded apex. Thecal base (Figs 4A–B) bulbous and twisted, left side bearing a prominent, elongated, helically downcurved process; theca simple and tubular, apex enlarged bearing curved row of fine denticles on apex of left margin, right side bearing a short, acuminate laterally hooked process. Anal tube from lateral view broad, relatively short and quadrate, ventrolateral margins each bearing a short, broad, sclerotized process, widely separated from caudal view with apex irregularly rounding.</p><p>US Distribution. USA: AL, GA, NC, SC, TN, VA (Fig. 6; see Table 1 for distribution from the Oriental region).</p><p>US Plant Association. Arundinaria gigantea (Walter) Muhl. ( Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Fig. 5); presumably also on Arundinaria tecta (Walter) Muhl. and cultivated bamboo.</p><p>Remarks. This species is similar to E. distincta and E. infumata in habitus and male genitalia (Huang &amp; Ding 1979, Ding 2006), but can be distinguished by the following: ventral process of pygofer elongate, spatulate at middle (not spatulate in E. distincta and E. infumata); gonostyli nearly straight with a small ridge on inner edge (strongly curved outward in E. distincta and without small ridge in E. infumata); apical process of theca is short (very long in E. distincta).</p><p>Intraspecific variation has been recognized in body coloration and the configuration of male genitalia, such as the ventral process of the pygofer, the left process at the base of theca, and the thecal apical process. They are thought to be ecotypes due to geographical or host plant isolation (Ding 2006). As in Japanese specimens illustrated by Asche (1983), some individuals lack a spatulate process on the medioventral pygofer opening.</p><p>This species is the most common Epeurysa in Japan as well as in China and Taiwan (Yang &amp; Yang 1986, Ding 2006), and can be found from the plains to the high mountains, often attracted to lights. It is bivoltine in temperate regions, but has more than two generations in warmer regions. Adults overwinter. Adults and nymphs are dependent exclusively on various bamboo species, and thus, the host records from Imperata cylindrica (Mochida &amp; Okada 1971, Park &amp; Lee 2024) are most probably erroneous. Adults and nymphs can be found on the stems and leaves of the host, and eggs are laid in groups inside the leaves.</p><p>In the U.S., this species has been collected by sweeping host plants and at lights.</p><p>Material examined. USA: ALABAMA, Jefferson Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-86.77313&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.392647" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -86.77313/lat 33.392647)">Old Rocky Ridge</a>, 33.392645, -86.7731322, 12 Jun 2021, V . Charny (2m, UDCC) .</p><p>TAIWAN: Kaohsiung City: Kaohsiung, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.68722&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.96722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.68722/lat 22.96722)">Shanping forest</a> research station, 22.96722°N 120.68722°E, 700 m, 23 Jun 2004, C. H. Dietrich (2m, UDCC) . Nantou: Huiseun Forest Area, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.17778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.095" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.17778/lat 24.095)">Meifeng</a>, rt. 14 km 15, 24.095°N 121.17778°E, 2100 m, 15 Jun 2004, C. H. Dietrich (1f, UDCC) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.88389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.91083" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.88389/lat 23.91083)">Sin Shan Forest Rd.</a>, 1 km W jct. rt. 66, 23.91083°N 120.88389°E, 700 m, 11 Jun 2004, C. H. Dietrich (2m, 2f, UDCC) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.94611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.85611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.94611/lat 23.85611)">Sun Moon Lake</a>, km 4.5, 23.85611°N 120.94611°E, 800 m, 17 Jun 2004, C. H. Dietrich (1m, UDCC) . Taichung City: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.01083&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.25611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.01083/lat 24.25611)">Dashuidhan Rd.</a>, km 43, 24.25611°N 121.01083°E, 2300 m, 18 Jun 2004, C. H. Dietrich (5f, UDCC) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.03083&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.26917" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.03083/lat 24.26917)">Dashuidhan Rd.</a>, km 45, 24.26917°N 121.03083°E, 2700 m, 18 Jun 2004, C.H. Dietrich (7f, UDCC) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.03083&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.26917" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.03083/lat 24.26917)">Dashuidhan Rd.</a>, km 47, 24.26917°N 121.03083°E, 2700 m, 18 Jun 2004, C. H. Dietrich (1f, UDCC) ; Rt. 8 km 25, base of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.60861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.17111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.60861/lat 24.17111)">Dong Moon Mt</a>, 24.17111°N 120.60861°E, 700 m, 26 Jun 2004, C. H. Dietrich (2m, UDCC) . Yilan: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.4975&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.59611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.4975/lat 24.59611)">Chi-Lan Forest Research Station</a>, 24.59611°N 121.4975°E, 600 m, 08 Jun 2004, C. H. Dietrich (1m, 6f, UDCC) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.59611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.75639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.59611/lat 24.75639)">Fushan Forest Research Station</a>, 24.75639°N 121.59611°E, 500 m, 09 Jun 2004, C.H. Dietrich (3m, UDCC) .</p><p>iNaturalist records. USA: ALABAMA: Jefferson Co. (230749500, 215610852, 178393916, 170924232, 170277722, 170277713, 118719823, 124890591, 87990964, 84468536, 84468527, 82538093). GEORGIA: DeKalb Co. (180563180, 180713520, 83261541). NORTH CAROLINA: Durham Co. (227735723); Guilford Co. (128934850); Mecklenburg Co. (95865949); Orange Co. (172437470); Rockingham Co. (220364375); Wake Co. (129097637, 196408976, 237209402, 236830923, 235393539, 231622873). SOUTH CAROLINA: Greenville Co. (135258711, 261210198); Richland Co. (231554592). TENNESSEE: Hamilton Co. (267794804). VIRGINIA: Fairfax Co. (233513763, 233546987).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C039D258742C275BFF39FBB2FDD9FB90	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hendrix, Solomon V.;Hayashi, Masami;Fujinuma, Satoshi;Bartlett, Charles R.	Hendrix, Solomon V., Hayashi, Masami, Fujinuma, Satoshi, Bartlett, Charles R. (2025): First report of the Asian planthopper Epeurysa nawaii (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Delphacidae) in the United States, a species detected through community science observations. Zootaxa 5686 (3): 425-437, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.6
