identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
C02C87F1EB340108FF25DFA6079CFB7C.text	C02C87F1EB340108FF25DFA6079CFB7C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bibionidae Fleming 1821	<div><p>Key to the known genera and species of Bibionidae from Uruguay based on adult males (except Dilophus collaris and D. aff. tetracanthus that only females are known).</p><p>1. Fore tibiae without spines; Rs furcated; Pleciinae; Plecia Wiedemann. .......................................... 2</p><p>- Fore tibiae with strong apical spine or apical circlet of spines; Rs not furcated; Bibioninae ........................... 5</p><p>2. Mesonotum matte..................................................................................... 3</p><p>- Mesonotum shining................................................................................... 4</p><p>3. Mesonotum orange; mouthparts about as long as head; male terminalia as in fig. 2A, male tergite 9 with a broad cleft on the posterior margin, the bottom of the cleft medially with a small point often only visible in posterior view; in ventral view, male gonocoxites with lateral lobes extending posteriorly over half the length of the gonostylus, posterior margin of gonocoxites with a truncate median lobe and a pair of rounded submedian lobes; gonostylus simple, stout, apex tapered to a point; male terminalia illustrated by Hardy (1945, figs. 143d and 143e)............................................ Plecia gibbosa Hardy</p><p>- Mesonotum blackish; otherwise as above for P. gibbosa ...................... Plecia aff. gibbosa (see Comments below)</p><p>4. Mesonotum mostly black, sometimes with orange coloration just anterior to scutellum; male terminalia as in fig. 2D, male tergite 9 with a deep v-shaped cleft, inner (ventral) surface of tergite 9 developed into a pair of slender bifurcate processes; in ventral view, gonocoxites without lateral or median lobes gonostylus scoop-shaped, in ventral view convex, apically rounded; male and female terminalia and female head illustrated by Fitzgerald (1998, figs. 71–76)........ Plecia ramosa Fitzgerald</p><p>- Mesonotum mostly orange with anterior portion black; male terminalia as in fig. 2C, male tergite 9 with broad cleft on posterior margin and cleft with a small, rounded, median lobe which has a slight median indentation; gonocoxites with posteroventral margin with a pair of median lobes; gonostylus broad, irregular, appears bifurcate in lateral view with the upper lobe beak-like; male and female terminalia illustrated by Hardy (1945, figs. 135 a–e)....................... Plecia collaris (Fabricius)</p><p>5. Fore tibia with apical circlet of spines and one or two sets of medial spines; Dilophus Meigen. ....................... 6</p><p>- Fore tibia with one strong apical spine in addition to an apical spur; male thorax black; antennae with 7 flagellomeres; femora yellow with dark brown to black apex and base, remainder of legs reddish brown to blackish; inner spur of fore tibia very short; hind basitarsus not swollen; tergite 9 deeply and narrowly cleft................... Bibio dacunhai Hardy ( B. dacunhai is the only species currently reported from Uruguay, but four other species have been reported from Argentina (see Hardy 1953))</p><p>6. Fore tibia with one set of medial spines with 4–8 spines............................. Dilophus pectoralis Wiedemann</p><p>- Fore tibia with two sets of medial spines (upper and lower set)................................................. 7</p><p>7. Rostrum elongated (fig. 4A)................................................ Dilophus collaris Guérin-Méneville</p><p>- Rostrum short (figs 4C, D).............................................................................. 8</p><p>8. Upper set with one spine.................................................................... Dilophus sp. 1</p><p>- Upper set with two spines.................................................. Dilophus aff. tetracanthus Edwards</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C02C87F1EB340108FF25DFA6079CFB7C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pacheco Da Silva, Vitor C.;Schelesky-Prado, Daniel De C.;Fitzgerald, Scott J.;Serra, Wilson Sebastián;Scarabino, Fabrizio;Costa, Andrés;Hagopián, Damián;Martínez, María	Pacheco Da Silva, Vitor C., Schelesky-Prado, Daniel De C., Fitzgerald, Scott J., Serra, Wilson Sebastián, Scarabino, Fabrizio, Costa, Andrés, Hagopián, Damián, Martínez, María (2025): Bibionidae (Diptera: Bibionomorpha) from Uruguay: updated inventory including first reports of four species. Zootaxa 5588 (1): 129-146, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5588.1.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5588.1.5
C02C87F1EB340109FF25D9EC06A7FEAE.text	C02C87F1EB340109FF25D9EC06A7FEAE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bibio dacunhai Hardy 1981	<div><p>Bibio dacunhai Hardy, 1981 (Fig. 3A)</p><p>Type-locality. Brazil, Minas Gerais, Camanducaia (Vila Monte Verde).</p><p>Distribution. Brazil and Uruguay. This species is probably more widespread, but the Neotropical species of Bibio have not been revised making accurate identification difficult or impossible.</p><p>Material examined. Maldonado: Sierra de las <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.316666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.316666/lat -34.75)">Ánimas</a>, 34°45’S, 55°19’W, 6♂, 1♀, 27-ix-1953, L.C. Zolessi leg., flying, S.J. Fitzgerald det. (FCE-Dip 1113) . Rivera: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.877247&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.205639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.877247/lat -31.205639)">Lunarejo</a> stream, 31°12’20.3”S, 55°52’38.1”W, 2♂, 29- vii-1995, M. Martínez leg., S.J. Fitzgerald det. (FCE-Dip 1114) .</p><p>General references. Fitzgerald, 1997.</p><p>Comments. The material identified as B. dacunhai Hardy here match well with the original description of this species (Hardy 1981b), but the presence of other very similar species is possible and many of the historically described species can not presently be reliably recognized from their original descriptions; some are only known from one sex. Fitzgerald (1997) studied the types of several of the Neotropical species as part of a revision of the Mexican and Central American fauna, but a review of the South American species is needed.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C02C87F1EB340109FF25D9EC06A7FEAE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pacheco Da Silva, Vitor C.;Schelesky-Prado, Daniel De C.;Fitzgerald, Scott J.;Serra, Wilson Sebastián;Scarabino, Fabrizio;Costa, Andrés;Hagopián, Damián;Martínez, María	Pacheco Da Silva, Vitor C., Schelesky-Prado, Daniel De C., Fitzgerald, Scott J., Serra, Wilson Sebastián, Scarabino, Fabrizio, Costa, Andrés, Hagopián, Damián, Martínez, María (2025): Bibionidae (Diptera: Bibionomorpha) from Uruguay: updated inventory including first reports of four species. Zootaxa 5588 (1): 129-146, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5588.1.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5588.1.5
C02C87F1EB35010AFF25D8F202F0FD46.text	C02C87F1EB35010AFF25D8F202F0FD46.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dilophus collaris Guerin-Meneville 1844	<div><p>Dilophus collaris Guérin-Méneville, 1844 (Fig. 4A)</p><p>Dilophus thoracicus Guérin-Méneville, 1844 non Say, 1823.</p><p>Type-locality. Uruguay, Río de la Plata.</p><p>Distribution. Uruguay.</p><p>Records in Uruguay. Río de la Plata (Guérin-Méneville 1844); Montevideo, 3♀ housed in NHMUK (Walker 1848).</p><p>General references. Walker, 1848; Lynch Arribálzaga, 1881; Hunter, 1900; Brèthes, 1908; Hardy, 1959, 1966.</p><p>Comments. In Brèthes (1908) the distribution of the species is reported as “Rep. Arg.” (República Argentina: Argentine Republic). However, Hardy (1959) considers that this species occurs only in Uruguay, and Hardy (1966) describes the type-locality as “ Uruguay, Río de la Plata”. Here the type-locality is considered following Hardy (1966). On the labels of the selected NHMUK specimen (Fig. 4A) it says that it was collected in Montevideo by Charles Darwin, which is consistent with the record reported by Walker (1848), however, Walker had not specified how many specimens he examined. Here three females (all from Montevideo and collected by C. Darwin) from the NHMUK collection are reported. Guérin-Méneville (1844) notes that he had given it the name Dilophus thoracicus Guérin-Méneville without realizing that this name had already been applied by Say, 1823 to a North American species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C02C87F1EB35010AFF25D8F202F0FD46	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pacheco Da Silva, Vitor C.;Schelesky-Prado, Daniel De C.;Fitzgerald, Scott J.;Serra, Wilson Sebastián;Scarabino, Fabrizio;Costa, Andrés;Hagopián, Damián;Martínez, María	Pacheco Da Silva, Vitor C., Schelesky-Prado, Daniel De C., Fitzgerald, Scott J., Serra, Wilson Sebastián, Scarabino, Fabrizio, Costa, Andrés, Hagopián, Damián, Martínez, María (2025): Bibionidae (Diptera: Bibionomorpha) from Uruguay: updated inventory including first reports of four species. Zootaxa 5588 (1): 129-146, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5588.1.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5588.1.5
C02C87F1EB360104FF25D8110306FC26.text	C02C87F1EB360104FF25D8110306FC26.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dilophus pectoralis Wiedemann 1828	<div><p>Dilophus pectoralis Wiedemann, 1828 (Fig. 4B, 6A, 6B, 6G)</p><p>Type-locality. Uruguay, Montevideo.</p><p>Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay (references below and unpublished records from Brazil).</p><p>Records in Uruguay. Montevideo (Wiedemann 1828, Hardy 1967, ♀, NHMW).</p><p>Material examined. Colonia: Colonia small farm, 2♂, 1♀, 15-viii-1944, larvae in soil, hatching adults in laboratory on 07-x-1944 (FCE-Dip 1115); Carmelo, bañado, 1♀, ii-1890, M. Palmer, leg. (FCE-FA-Dip 2376); Estanzuela, 1♀, 15-xi-1947, A. Ruffinelli, leg. (FCE-FA-Dip 2377); Durazno: site 40, 33°04’49.0”S, 56°30’29.8”W, 2♂, 10-xi-2009, E. Lorier leg., sweeping (FCE-Dip 1863); Florida: Alejandro Gallinal locality, formerly Cerro Colorado, 33°52’S, 55°33’W, 1♀, 08-xii-1993, in plants, E. Morelli leg. (FCE-Dip 1116); site 25, 33°41’03.7”S, 56°14’42.8”W, 8♂, 2♀, 01-xii-2009, E. Lorier leg., sweeping (FCE-Dip 1515); Lavalleja: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.99603&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.70728" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.99603/lat -31.70728)">Salto del Penitente</a>, 5♂, 11♀, iii-2022, G. Morera, S. Lupo leg., cow dung emergency (FCE-Dip 1516); Maldonado: La Capuera, 34°50’34.6″S, 55°07’32.5″W, 1♂, 18-xi-2023, M. Panzera leg., inside the car (FCE-Dip 1517); Ocean Park, mouth of the Potrero stream, 34°52’35.9”S, 55°06’32.6”W, 10♀, 30-xii-2012, M. Zarucki leg. (MNHN 2585);. Punta Ballena, 34°54’33.4”S 55°02’11.4”W, 2♀, 05-xi-2023, L. Rabinovich leg., pitfall in the beach (FCE-Dip 2469); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.99603&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.70728" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.99603/lat -31.70728)">Salto de Agua</a> stream, 34º8’S, 55º1’W, 1♂, 2♀, 04-iv-1944, in the grass, bank of the stream (FCE-Dip 1117); Montevideo: 1♀, 11-xi-1888, (FCE-FA-Dip 2378); 1♀, 04-ix-1951, D. Puppo leg. (FCE-FA-Dip 2379); Buceo neighborhood, 34°54’S, 56°08’W, 5♀, 08-xi-2006, M. Martínez leg., in garden (FCE-Dip 1118); Centro neighborhood, Paysandú and Andes street, 34°54’S, 56°11’W, 1♂, 1♀, 11-xi-2011, Martínez leg., in garden (FCE-Dip 1119); Sayago, 1♂, 1♀, 05-ix-1951, P. Leuyirym, leg. (FCE-FA-Dip 2380); same data, except:, 1♀, 05-iii-1956, A.E. Llanes leg. (FCEFA-Dip 2381); Unión, 8 de Octubre and Sanguinetti Street, 34º52’S, 56º08’W, 36♀, 10-xi-2003, M. Meneguel leg., in garden (FCE-Dip 1120); Paysandú: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.99603&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.70728" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.99603/lat -31.70728)">Termas de Guaviyú</a>, 31°50’13.6”S, 57°53’32.8”W, 1♂, 19-x-2014, W. S. Serra leg. (MNHN 1905); Rocha: Isla del Padre, 33°10’23.7”S, 53°42’19.4”W, 2♀, 25-iii-2024, M. Panzera leg. (FCE-Dip 2470); La Paloma, 1♀, 22-iv-1956, U. Ruggeri, leg. (FCE-FA-Dip 2382); Valizas (34°20’12.4”S 53°47’24.6”W), 2♀, 25-ii-2012, W. S. Serra leg. (MNHN 1656); Santa Teresa, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.99603&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.70728" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.99603/lat -31.70728)">Playa del Barco</a>, 33°59’47.2”S, 53°32’05.9”W, 1♀, 18-27-ii-2015, W. S. Serra leg. (MNHN 2586); Santa Teresa, 33º59’53.98”S, 53º32’16.59”W, 1♂, 19-iii-2018, W. S. Serra leg. (MNHN 2587); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.99603&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.70728" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.99603/lat -31.70728)">Punta del Diablo</a>, 34°02’43.5”S, 53°32’12.1”W, 1♀, 3-xi-2012, W. S. Serra leg. (MNHN 2344); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.99603&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.70728" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.99603/lat -31.70728)">San José</a>: 1♀, L.C. Bollo, leg. (FCE-FA-Dip 2383); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.99603&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.70728" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.99603/lat -31.70728)">Ciudad del Plata</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.99603&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.70728" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.99603/lat -31.70728)">Delta del Tigre</a>, 34°45’S, 56°21’W, 1♂, 15-iii-2011, M. Martínez leg., in garden (FCE-Dip 1121); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.99603&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.70728" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.99603/lat -31.70728)">Sierra de Mahoma</a>, 34º04’S, 56º53’W, 15♂, 10-ix-1954, larvae under manure, hatching of adults in laboratory on 26-x-1954 (FCE-Dip 1122); same data, except: 14♀ (FCE-Dip 1123); same data, except: 7♂ 6♀ (FCE-Dip 1521–1533); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.99603&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.70728" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.99603/lat -31.70728)">Tacuarembó</a>: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.99603&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.70728" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.99603/lat -31.70728)">Palo Borracho</a>, 31°42’26.2”S, 55°59’45.7”W, 1♀, vi-1954, E. Valdés leg. (FCE-FA-Dip 2384); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.99603&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.70728" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.99603/lat -31.70728)">Treinta</a> y <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.99603&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.70728" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.99603/lat -31.70728)">Tres</a>: Arrozal Treinta y Tres, 20♀, 16-xi-1962, P. San Martín leg., in flower (FCE-Dip 1124) .</p><p>iNaturalist records. (2023). Canelones: Atlántida, 34°46’S, 55°45’W, 1♀, 11-ix-2023, S. Mallo leg., S. Mailhos det.; Ciudad de la Costa, 34°49’33.8”S, 55°57’40.5”W, 1♀, 24-x-2020, M. Silvera leg., det., L. Rubio det.; La Floresta, Rambla Dr. M. Perea, 34°45’42.6”S, 55°41’26.5”W, 1♂, 13-xi-2021, Guardianes de la Costa leg., S. Mailhos, L. Rubio det.; Las Piedras, El Colorado, 34º43’S, 56º13’W, 1♀, 26-x-2022, E. Monteghirfo leg., L. Rubio det.; Route 74, Km 32.800, 34°43’39.1”S, 56°02’13.8”W, 1♀, 02-xi-2022, F.A. Toso leg., L. Rubio det.; Santa Lucía, Picada Alaniz, 34°28’44.3”S, 56°24’06.7”W, 1♀, 31-iii-2022, G. Menéndez leg., L. Rubio det.; Colonia: Colonia del Sacramento, Continuación de la Rambla de Las Américas, 34º28’S, 57º50’W, 1♀, 24-x-2021, N. Viera leg., L. Rubio det.; Flores: near Cerro Colorado, 33°43’36.4”S, 56°48’00.0”W, 1♀, 12-xi-2022, J. Lapetina leg., S. Mailhos det.; Maldonado: Garzón, 34º35’S, 54º32’W, 1♂, 19-xi-2023, S. Mailhos leg., det.; Near Pan de Azúcar, 34º77’S, 55º27’W, 1♂ 1♀, 02-xi-2021, R. Roibal leg., L. Rubio det.; Piriápolis, 34°52’S, 55°16’W, 1♀, 01-xi-2022, S. Mallo leg., D. Schelesky-Prado, det.; Punta Negra, 34°53’S, 55°13’W, 1♀, 11-xi-2022, P. Bidondo leg., det., L. Rubio det.; Montevideo: Buceo neighborhood, 34°53’30.0”S, 56°08’04.0”W, 1♀, 21-iii-2020, A. Costa leg., det., and @ mirmeleon det. (Figs. 6A, 6B); Carrasco neighborhood, Alfonso Brocqua street, 34°52’41.7”S, 56°03’10.9”W, 1♀, 15-xi-2022, S. Mailhos leg., det., L. Rubio det.; La Figurita neighborhood, 34°52’S, 56°10’W, 1♀,. 30-x-2022, M. Urquiola leg., L. Rubio det.; Mercado Modelo neighborhood, house, 34°52’11.2”S, 56°09’28.3”W, 1♂ 1♀, 24- x-2020, P. Balduvino leg., L. Rubio det.; Río Negro: near Ruta 24 Guyunusa, 32°50’31.7”S, 57°57’16.6”W, 1♀, 21-x-2021, S. Mailhos leg., L. Rubio det.; Ruta 24 Guyunusa, near San Javier, 32°41’42.7”S, 57°59’49.7”W, 1♀, 21-x-2021, S. Mailhos leg., L. Rubio det.; Parque Nacional Esteros de Farrapos, near San Javier, 32°43’54.5”S, 58°07’46.0”W, 1♀, 14-iii-2021, A. Costa leg., L. Rubio det., in Sesbania sp. ( Magnoliopsida, Fabaceae); same data, except: female being preyed upon by Cosmoclopius nigroannulatus Stål, in Pseudognaphalium gaudichaudianum (DC.) Anderb ( Magnoliopsida, Asteraceae) (Fig. 6G); Rivera: near Poblado la Villa, 31°22’00.8”S, 55°05’00.2”W, 1♀. 22-x-2021, A. Machado leg., L. Rubio det.</p><p>General references. Lynch Arribálzaga, 1881; Hunter, 1900; Kertész, 1902; Brèthes, 1908; Hardy, 1953, 1959, 1966, 1967.</p><p>Comments. Lynch Arribálzaga (1881) treated Dilophus similis Rondani, 1868, from Argentina, Buenos Aires, as a junior synonym of D. pectoralis . This synonymy was accepted in Hunter (1900), and not accepted in Kertész (1902), Brèthes (1908), and Hardy (1959, 1966). Hardy (1953) says about D. similis: “it cannot definitely be placed from the original description”, however, he places the name of the species below D. pectoralis, perhaps as a possible synonym. Here D. similis is not treated as a junior synonym of D. pectoralis, since its identity is doubtful.</p><p>Hardy (1967) studied the types housed in the NHMW collection and reported three females of D. pectoralis labeled as “ type ” from Montevideo. Additionally, he reported three males from “Wiedemann collection” which contain the same data of the females, but they had been erroneously labeled as “ thoracicus ” by Wiedemann and they were not labeled as types. He also reported that “The collection also contains a series of females labeled “ Brasilia, coll., WINTHEM””. As the date that the material was collected is lacking and part of the territory of what is now Uruguay was once occupied by Portugal / Brazil, these records for the country are uncertain.</p><p>Many records of this species are reported here, including several from iNaturalist. This is only possible due to some conspicuous features of Dilophus pectoralis that separates it from similar species. The male dorsum of thorax is mainly reddish orange except for the dark brown anterior area, while in D. golbachi (Hardy) the dorsum is black with a reddish yellow spot on each side, and in D. serenus (Hardy) the dorsum is all black (Hardy 1953). The male wing membrane of D. pectoralis is slightly fumose, almost hyaline posteriorly and brownish along the costal margin, while D. golbachi has wings brownish fumose basally (and sub-hyaline apically), and D. serenus has hyaline wings (Hardy 1953). The female pleura is reddish, while it is blackish in D. serenus, and the female of D. golbachi is unknown (Hardy 1953). The female wing membrane of D. pectoralis is dark brown, while it is just faintly fumose in D. serenus (Hardy 1953) . The female tibiae of D. pectoralis are black, while in D. serenus the tibiae are yellowish (Hardy 1953).</p><p>Dilophus pectoralis was observed here as prey for Cosmoclopius nigroannulatus Stål ( Hemiptera: Reduviidae) (Fig. 6G).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C02C87F1EB360104FF25D8110306FC26	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pacheco Da Silva, Vitor C.;Schelesky-Prado, Daniel De C.;Fitzgerald, Scott J.;Serra, Wilson Sebastián;Scarabino, Fabrizio;Costa, Andrés;Hagopián, Damián;Martínez, María	Pacheco Da Silva, Vitor C., Schelesky-Prado, Daniel De C., Fitzgerald, Scott J., Serra, Wilson Sebastián, Scarabino, Fabrizio, Costa, Andrés, Hagopián, Damián, Martínez, María (2025): Bibionidae (Diptera: Bibionomorpha) from Uruguay: updated inventory including first reports of four species. Zootaxa 5588 (1): 129-146, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5588.1.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5588.1.5
C02C87F1EB380104FF25DB76032AF938.text	C02C87F1EB380104FF25DB76032AF938.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dilophus tetracanthus Edwards 1930	<div><p>Dilophus aff. tetracanthus (Fig. 4C)</p><p>Material examined. Treinta y Tres: Quebrada de los Cuervos, 32°57’42”S, 54°30’10”W, 2♀, 28-x-2023, V. C. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-54.502777&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.961666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -54.502777/lat -32.961666)">Pacheco da Silva</a>, D. Hagopián, M. Panzera, A. Costa, A. Mailhos, leg., D. Schelesky-Prado det., Malaise trap (FCE-Dip 1520) .</p><p>Comments. These females fit into couplet 27 of Hardy’s (1953) key; D. tetracanthus Edwards (as Philia tetracantha) and D. luteus Edwards (as Philia lutea). Both species are known from Chile and D. tetracanthus is also recorded from Argentina (Fitzgerald et al. 2020). Besides, they may be the same species (Hardy 1953). The females from Uruguay keyed with D. tetracanthus and indeed share several features with this species, such as short rostrum, dorsum of thorax yellow and black colored, four medial spines on fore tibia, and mid tibia with spinose setae (the latter feature described for males, but probably present in females as well) (Edwards 1930). However, the specimens studied differ in some aspects from D. tetracanthus: anterior thoracic comb with 7-8 spines (10-12 spines are present in D. tetracanthus), and four medial spines on fore tibia, two near the base and two in the middle (four spines in a transverse row at the end of basal third is the pattern described for females of D. tetracanthus) (Edwards 1930). The pattern observed in the studied females is similar to the pattern described for males of D. tetracanthus, and it is possible that the condition described for females is variable (two sets of two spines or a single set of four spines), however, it is necessary to study more specimens of both sexes to be able to confirm this. Additionally, the specimens studied have a variation in the division of the anterior comb, which is divided in one specimen and undivided in the other one, which is unusual. Therefore, it is preferred here to identify the material as D. aff. tetracanthus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C02C87F1EB380104FF25DB76032AF938	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pacheco Da Silva, Vitor C.;Schelesky-Prado, Daniel De C.;Fitzgerald, Scott J.;Serra, Wilson Sebastián;Scarabino, Fabrizio;Costa, Andrés;Hagopián, Damián;Martínez, María	Pacheco Da Silva, Vitor C., Schelesky-Prado, Daniel De C., Fitzgerald, Scott J., Serra, Wilson Sebastián, Scarabino, Fabrizio, Costa, Andrés, Hagopián, Damián, Martínez, María (2025): Bibionidae (Diptera: Bibionomorpha) from Uruguay: updated inventory including first reports of four species. Zootaxa 5588 (1): 129-146, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5588.1.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5588.1.5
C02C87F1EB380105FF25D85E0726FE42.text	C02C87F1EB380105FF25D85E0726FE42.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dilophus undefined-1	<div><p>Dilophus sp. 1 (Fig. 4D)</p><p>Material examined. Artigas: Sepulturas, Río Cuareim, 1♂, 11-i-1952, in the night under the light (FCE-Dip 1514) ;</p><p>Comments. This specimen does not fit into any known South American species and seems to represent a new species. It shares some features with D. segregatus (Hardy) and three other brazilian species that are probably closely related, D. plaumanni Edwards, D. dichrous Edwards and D. edwardsi (Hardy) . The Dilophus sp. 1 and the Brazilian species have a short rostrum and one spine on the upper set and four on the lower set (1:4). However, the thorax of D. sp. 1 is brown (maybe darker when the specimen was alive), not black as in D. segregatus and D. edwardsi or yellowish as in D. plaumanni and D. dichrous . The posterior margin of the epandrium of D. sp. 1 has a concave cleft, in D. segregatus the margin is straight, and the other species do not have the terminalia described in the literature. D. collaris also has one spine on the upper set, but has the rostrum elongated, however, only females are known, while only a single male is known for D. sp. 1. Therefore, it is preferred here not to associate the specimen with any described species and, possibly, to describe it as a new species in a subsequent work.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C02C87F1EB380105FF25D85E0726FE42	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pacheco Da Silva, Vitor C.;Schelesky-Prado, Daniel De C.;Fitzgerald, Scott J.;Serra, Wilson Sebastián;Scarabino, Fabrizio;Costa, Andrés;Hagopián, Damián;Martínez, María	Pacheco Da Silva, Vitor C., Schelesky-Prado, Daniel De C., Fitzgerald, Scott J., Serra, Wilson Sebastián, Scarabino, Fabrizio, Costa, Andrés, Hagopián, Damián, Martínez, María (2025): Bibionidae (Diptera: Bibionomorpha) from Uruguay: updated inventory including first reports of four species. Zootaxa 5588 (1): 129-146, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5588.1.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5588.1.5
C02C87F1EB390105FF25DCAB011AFAE2.text	C02C87F1EB390105FF25DCAB011AFAE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plecia collaris (Fabricius 1805)	<div><p>Plecia collaris (Fabricius, 1805) (Fig. 5A)</p><p>Type-locality. “America Meridionali”.</p><p>Distribution. Widespread in the Neotropical region; Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Uruguay, Venezuela (Hardy 1945, and SF unpublished records).</p><p>Material examined. Cerro Largo: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.778057&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.14528" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.778057/lat -32.14528)">Paso Centurión</a>, 32°08’43”S, 53°46’41”W, 1♂, 1♀, 28-iii-2024, D. Hagopián, A. Costa, A. Mailhos, M. Panzera, M. Panzera leg., S. J. Fitzgerald det. (FCE-Dip 2471) .</p><p>General references. Hardy, 1945, 1953, 1959, 1966.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C02C87F1EB390105FF25DCAB011AFAE2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pacheco Da Silva, Vitor C.;Schelesky-Prado, Daniel De C.;Fitzgerald, Scott J.;Serra, Wilson Sebastián;Scarabino, Fabrizio;Costa, Andrés;Hagopián, Damián;Martínez, María	Pacheco Da Silva, Vitor C., Schelesky-Prado, Daniel De C., Fitzgerald, Scott J., Serra, Wilson Sebastián, Scarabino, Fabrizio, Costa, Andrés, Hagopián, Damián, Martínez, María (2025): Bibionidae (Diptera: Bibionomorpha) from Uruguay: updated inventory including first reports of four species. Zootaxa 5588 (1): 129-146, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5588.1.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5588.1.5
C02C87F1EB390105FF25DA2700D4F8EA.text	C02C87F1EB390105FF25DA2700D4F8EA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plecia gibbosa Hardy 1942	<div><p>Plecia gibbosa Hardy, 1942 (Fig. 5B)</p><p>Type-locality. Paraguay, San Bernardino.</p><p>Distribution. Paraguay, Argentina, Uruguay.</p><p>Material examined. Montevideo: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-57.001446&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.557636" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -57.001446/lat -34.557636)">Parque Lecocq</a>, 1♂, 23-xi-1986, M. Martínez leg. (FCE-Dip 1549); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-57.001446&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.557636" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -57.001446/lat -34.557636)">Punta Espinillo</a>, 34°82’S, 56°42’W, 2♂, 2♀, 21-x-1956, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-57.001446&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.557636" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -57.001446/lat -34.557636)">Facultad de Humanidades</a> y Ciencias leg., in fallen leaves (FCE-Dip 1125); same data, except: 17 larvae (FCE-Dip 2476); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-57.001446&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.557636" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -57.001446/lat -34.557636)">Rocha</a>: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-57.001446&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.557636" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -57.001446/lat -34.557636)">Laguna Garzón</a>, “El Bonete”, 34°46’S, 54°33’W, 2♂, 10-xii-2023, D. Hagopián, A. Costa, M. Panzera; A. Mailhos leg., S. J. Fitzgerald det. (FCE-Dip 1864); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-57.001446&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.557636" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -57.001446/lat -34.557636)">Paso Santiago</a>, Arroyo India Muerta, 34°05’52.0”S, 54°15’52.0”W, 1♂, 26-xi-2022, W.S. Serra, M. Caligari, G. Sanguinetti, G. Núñez, M. García, E. Caligari, L. Ortiz leg. (MNHN 2581); San José: Arazatí, 34°33’27.5”S, 57°00’05.2”W, 2♂, 3♀, 16-xii-1957, Z. Silva Durán leg., S.J. Fitzgerald det. (FCE-Dip 1126) .</p><p>General references. Hardy, 1945, 1959, 1966.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C02C87F1EB390105FF25DA2700D4F8EA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pacheco Da Silva, Vitor C.;Schelesky-Prado, Daniel De C.;Fitzgerald, Scott J.;Serra, Wilson Sebastián;Scarabino, Fabrizio;Costa, Andrés;Hagopián, Damián;Martínez, María	Pacheco Da Silva, Vitor C., Schelesky-Prado, Daniel De C., Fitzgerald, Scott J., Serra, Wilson Sebastián, Scarabino, Fabrizio, Costa, Andrés, Hagopián, Damián, Martínez, María (2025): Bibionidae (Diptera: Bibionomorpha) from Uruguay: updated inventory including first reports of four species. Zootaxa 5588 (1): 129-146, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5588.1.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5588.1.5
C02C87F1EB3A0106FF25DA41036CF834.text	C02C87F1EB3A0106FF25DA41036CF834.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plecia gibbosa Hardy 1942	<div><p>Plecia aff. gibbosa (Fig. 5C, 6E)</p><p>Material examined. Cerro Largo: arroyo <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.612778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.440556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.612778/lat -32.440556)">Sarandí de Barceló</a>, 32º26’26”S, 53º36’46”W, 2♂, 2♀, 27-28-xi-2022, W.S. Serra, G. Sanguinetti, M. Caligari, E. Caligari, M. García, G. Nuñez leg., S.J. Fitzgerald det. (MNHN 2588) ; Montevideo: 6♂, 4-xii-1960, Parque Lecocq (FCE-Dip 1547, 1548); Rocha: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.53583&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.92861" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.53583/lat -33.92861)">Bañado del Indio</a>, 33°55’43”S, 53°32’09”W, 10♂, 21-xii-2023, V.C. Pacheco da Silva leg., S.J. Fitzgerald det., sweeping (FCE-Dip 1518); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.625275&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.88667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.625275/lat -33.88667)">Same</a> data, except 33°53’12”S, 53°37’31”W, 2♂, 1♀, 20-xii-2023, V.C. Pacheco da Silva leg., in flower of Eryngium sp. (FCE-Dip 1519); camino Bajada Mala, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.92414&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.102528" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.92414/lat -34.102528)">Arroyo Castillos</a>, 34º06’09.1”S, 53º55’26.9”W, 1♂ 1♀, 17-xii-2020, W.S. Serra, G. Furtado leg., S.J. Fitzgerald det., (MNHN 2589) ; Treinta y Tres: NE of Camino del Medio and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-54.83433&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.988834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -54.83433/lat -32.988834)">Río Olimar Grande</a>, 32°59’19.8”S, 54°50’03.6”W, 1♂, 2♀, 19-20-xii-2020, F. Scarabino, W.S. Serra, C. Broggi, G. Tabares, J.C. Zaffaroni leg. S.J. Fitzgerald det. (MNHN 2590); Santa Clara del Olimar, Parque Nacientes del Olimar, 32°55’36.0”S, 54°57’04.9”W, 5♂, 4♀, 19-xii-2020, F. Scarabino, W.S. Serra, J. Broggi, G. Tabares, J.C. Zaffaroni leg, S.J. Fitzgerald det. (MNHN 2591) .</p><p>Comments. Plecia gibbosa Hardy was described with an orange thorax. The specimens listed here have the thorax dark brown to blackish, but otherwise have terminalia which appear (from photos) to be similar or the same as in P. gibbosa; these may just represent a dark color morph of P. gibbosa or they may represent a different species. Several other species (some with a dark mesonotum) have male terminalia very similar to P. gibbosa such as P. grisea Edwards, P. rostellata Loew, and P. nuptialis Bravo, Castro and Araújo. A thorough comparison of these taxa would be valuable.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C02C87F1EB3A0106FF25DA41036CF834	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pacheco Da Silva, Vitor C.;Schelesky-Prado, Daniel De C.;Fitzgerald, Scott J.;Serra, Wilson Sebastián;Scarabino, Fabrizio;Costa, Andrés;Hagopián, Damián;Martínez, María	Pacheco Da Silva, Vitor C., Schelesky-Prado, Daniel De C., Fitzgerald, Scott J., Serra, Wilson Sebastián, Scarabino, Fabrizio, Costa, Andrés, Hagopián, Damián, Martínez, María (2025): Bibionidae (Diptera: Bibionomorpha) from Uruguay: updated inventory including first reports of four species. Zootaxa 5588 (1): 129-146, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5588.1.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5588.1.5
C02C87F1EB3B0107FF25DFEE0075FE66.text	C02C87F1EB3B0107FF25DFEE0075FE66.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plecia ramosa Fitzgerald 1998	<div><p>Plecia ramosa Fitzgerald, 1998 (Fig. 5D)</p><p>Type-locality. Brazil, Jacutinga.</p><p>Distribution. Brazil, Uruguay.</p><p>Material examined. Cerro Largo: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.778057&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.14528" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.778057/lat -32.14528)">Paso Centurión</a>, 32°08’43”S, 53°46’41”W, 4♂, 3♀, 28-iii-2024, D. Hagopián, A. Costa, A. Mailhos, M. Panzera, M. Panzera leg., S.J. Fitzgerald det. (FCE-Dip 2472) .</p><p>General references. Fitzgerald, 1998.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C02C87F1EB3B0107FF25DFEE0075FE66	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pacheco Da Silva, Vitor C.;Schelesky-Prado, Daniel De C.;Fitzgerald, Scott J.;Serra, Wilson Sebastián;Scarabino, Fabrizio;Costa, Andrés;Hagopián, Damián;Martínez, María	Pacheco Da Silva, Vitor C., Schelesky-Prado, Daniel De C., Fitzgerald, Scott J., Serra, Wilson Sebastián, Scarabino, Fabrizio, Costa, Andrés, Hagopián, Damián, Martínez, María (2025): Bibionidae (Diptera: Bibionomorpha) from Uruguay: updated inventory including first reports of four species. Zootaxa 5588 (1): 129-146, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5588.1.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5588.1.5
C02C87F1EB3C0100FF25DADE0635F81E.text	C02C87F1EB3C0100FF25DADE0635F81E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dilophus dorsalis (Philippi 1865)	<div><p>Dilophus dorsalis (Philippi, 1865)</p><p>Acanthocnemis dorsalis Philippi, 1865 .</p><p>Acanthocnemis thoracicus Philippi, 1865 .</p><p>Acanthocnemis nigripennis Philippi, 1865 .</p><p>Distribution. Argentina, Chile.</p><p>Wulp (1881) recorded Dilophus thoracicus Say, 1823 (junior synonym of D.spinipes Say, 1823) from Montevideo (Uruguay), which is unlikely, since D. spinipes is known from the USA (Hardy 1945, 1965). Later, Hunter’s (1900) catalog reports D. thoracicus Say for the USA and Montevideo. Brèthes’ (1908) catalog reports D. thoracicus Say only for Montevideo. Both works aforementioned referenced Wulp (1881). Hardy’s (1959) catalog reports D. dorsalis Philippi (as Philia) from Argentina, Chile and Uruguay, and he also referenced Wulp (1881). Hardy probably erroneously considered D. thoracicus Say as being D. thoracicus Philippi (= Acanthocnemis thoracicus Philippi), a junior synonym of D. dorsalis . The same distribution (including Uruguay) of D. dorsalis was reported by Hardy (1966). Thus, the only countries with reliable records of D. dorsalis are Argentina and Chile (Edwards 1930, Hardy 1953). It is not possible to identify Wulp’s specimen without examining the material, which is kept at the “Brusselsche museum” (Museum of Natural Sciences of Belgium) in Belgium.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C02C87F1EB3C0100FF25DADE0635F81E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pacheco Da Silva, Vitor C.;Schelesky-Prado, Daniel De C.;Fitzgerald, Scott J.;Serra, Wilson Sebastián;Scarabino, Fabrizio;Costa, Andrés;Hagopián, Damián;Martínez, María	Pacheco Da Silva, Vitor C., Schelesky-Prado, Daniel De C., Fitzgerald, Scott J., Serra, Wilson Sebastián, Scarabino, Fabrizio, Costa, Andrés, Hagopián, Damián, Martínez, María (2025): Bibionidae (Diptera: Bibionomorpha) from Uruguay: updated inventory including first reports of four species. Zootaxa 5588 (1): 129-146, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5588.1.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5588.1.5
C02C87F1EB3D0101FF25DA6A0175F87C.text	C02C87F1EB3D0101FF25DA6A0175F87C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dilophus bicolor Wiedemann 1821	<div><p>Dilophus bicolor Wiedemann, 1821 (Macquart’s (1838) specimen)</p><p>Records in Uruguay. Hunter, (1900), Brèthes, (1908).</p><p>Distribution. Uruguay.</p><p>Wiedemann described Dilophus bicolor in 1821 without giving the locality, but later (Wiedemann 1828) the type locality was given as “Kap” [Cape, South Africa] (Skartveit and Freidberg 2023). Macquart (1838) identified a specimen from Montevideo (Uruguay) as D. bicolor, which is unexpected considering the type locality of the species. After that, several catalogs listed this species for the Neotropical Region (Lynch Arribálzaga 1881, Hunter 1900, Kertész 1902, Bréthes 1908, Hardy 1959, 1966). Hardy (1966) erroneously treated the species as described by Macquart, i.e., D. bicolor Macquart, 1838, and also considered it an unrecognizable species. According to Skartveit and Freidberg (2023), listing the species in catalogs as if it occurred in the Neotropical region is erroneous. Thus, the real identity of Macquart’s (1838) specimen is unknown.</p><p>Based on some features of D. bicolor, such as the orange-red thorax, coxae and femorae of female and the presence of one set with 4 medial spines (Skartveit and Freidberg 2023), which are possibly present in Macquart’s specimen and led him to attribute it as the Afrotropical species, it can be assumed that the Montevideo specimen is D. pectoralis, a species that also has reddish parts on thorax and legs, and has one set with 4-8 medial spines (Hardy 1953). However, it is not possible to properly identify the specimen without examining the material, which is housed in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (MNHN) in France.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C02C87F1EB3D0101FF25DA6A0175F87C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pacheco Da Silva, Vitor C.;Schelesky-Prado, Daniel De C.;Fitzgerald, Scott J.;Serra, Wilson Sebastián;Scarabino, Fabrizio;Costa, Andrés;Hagopián, Damián;Martínez, María	Pacheco Da Silva, Vitor C., Schelesky-Prado, Daniel De C., Fitzgerald, Scott J., Serra, Wilson Sebastián, Scarabino, Fabrizio, Costa, Andrés, Hagopián, Damián, Martínez, María (2025): Bibionidae (Diptera: Bibionomorpha) from Uruguay: updated inventory including first reports of four species. Zootaxa 5588 (1): 129-146, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5588.1.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5588.1.5
C02C87F1EB3D0102FF75D8E5067EFADE.text	C02C87F1EB3D0102FF75D8E5067EFADE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dilophus bicoloripes Edwards 1938	<div><p>Dilophus bicoloripes Edwards, 1938</p><p>Distribution. Argentina, Brazil.</p><p>Dilophus bicoloripes Edwards (Fig. 6D) was recorded on Ilha Brasileira (iNaturalist), an island in the border between Brazil and Uruguay that has been claimed by both Brazil and Uruguay, but has been administered by the Brazilian government. For this reason it has not been included in our study although it must be present in the north of Uruguay.</p><p>Several other entomological collections (particularly in Argentine museums) or recent collections may contain unpublished records of Bibionidae from Uruguay. The examination of these collections as well as verifying the identity of some specimens in European museums mentioned in this work will be priorities to be developed in the future.</p><p>Larvae of Bibio and Dilophus deposited in the Entomological collection of Facultad de Ciencias originate from the stomach content of wild boars Sus scrofa (Linnaeus, 1758) ( Suidae) (Lombardi et al 2015). Samples preserved in 70% alcohol, each in a 1 liter container, were obtained from three wild boars collected in 2006, two were captured in the department of Colonia and the third in Maldonado. In the samples of the stomach contents of wild boars, vegetables, seeds, and remains of arthropods were found, being the most abundant the bibionid larvae. It is possible that the larvae analyzed here were consumed by wild boars because they were in decomposed plant material that was used as food, once, Bibionidae larvae feed gregariously in organic matter, rotten plant material and among roots (Carvalho et al. 2012), where wild boars may feed. However, since both adults and larvae of bibionids are an important food source for some vertebrates, such as temperate region birds (Fitzgerald 2009), and larvae have also been found in the diet of the Afrotropical mammal Armored shrew, Scutisorex somereni (Thomas) (Skartveit 2017), it is quite likely that the ingestion of the larvae by the wild boars was not circumstantial. However, it remains unknown what nutritional value this type of food has for wild boars and if bibionid larvae are a common component of the wild boar’s diet, either in its native environment or into which it has been introduced. This is the first record of animals feeding on Bibionidae larvae in the Neotropical region. Another important observation is that in both Entomological Collections Bibio samples are scarce, however, the number of larvae observed in the stomach contents of wild boars shows that they are not rare. This leads us to believe that for some unknown reason there are failures in the collection of adult Bibio flies or that they have a high mortality rate in the larval/pupal stage and are therefore rarely collected. Another possible explanation is that this species of Bibio is seasonal or has peaks in occurrence and the collections were carried out outside the period in which they occur in large numbers, similar to that reported for some European species (Skartveit 1995)</p><p>Seven species from three genera are recorded in the country, namely: Bibio Geoffroy, with the species Bibio dacunhai Hardy, Dilophus Meigen with three species, Dilophus collaris Guérin-Méneville, Dilophus pectoralis Wiedemann and Dilophus aff. tetracanthus Edwards, and Plecia Wiedemann, with three species, Plecia collaris (Fabricius), Plecia gibbosa Hardy and Plecia ramosa Fitzgerald. Bibio dacunhai, P. collaris, P. gibbosa and P. ramosa as well as the genera Bibio and Plecia, are recorded for the first time in Uruguay.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C02C87F1EB3D0102FF75D8E5067EFADE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pacheco Da Silva, Vitor C.;Schelesky-Prado, Daniel De C.;Fitzgerald, Scott J.;Serra, Wilson Sebastián;Scarabino, Fabrizio;Costa, Andrés;Hagopián, Damián;Martínez, María	Pacheco Da Silva, Vitor C., Schelesky-Prado, Daniel De C., Fitzgerald, Scott J., Serra, Wilson Sebastián, Scarabino, Fabrizio, Costa, Andrés, Hagopián, Damián, Martínez, María (2025): Bibionidae (Diptera: Bibionomorpha) from Uruguay: updated inventory including first reports of four species. Zootaxa 5588 (1): 129-146, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5588.1.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5588.1.5
