identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
B45E4D47FFB4FFD2FC7CFA513798F8CF.text	B45E4D47FFB4FFD2FC7CFA513798F8CF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nemesiidae SIMON 1889	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> FAMILY  NEMESIIDAE SIMON, 1889</p>
            <p> Remarks: As discussed by Bond et al. (2012), the results of their molecular analyses did not recover a monophyletic  Nemesiidae . This may be a product of insufficient taxon sampling, but more likely that the family is paraphyletic, as evidenced by Wheeler et al. (2017). Our dataset was not designed to test the hypothesis of nemesiid monophyly so we refrain from any further comments. </p>
             SUBFAMILY  ANAMINAE SIMON, 1889 KEY TO MALES OF AUSTRALASIAN GENERA OF  ANAMINAE 1. Maxillae with cuspules widespread, including on heel (e.g. Figs 6E, 9E, 16E)...............................................2  Maxillae with cuspules restricted to anterior corner, absent from heel (Fig. 18E).........................  Stanwellia 2. Male pedipalpal tarsus long and medially constricted (in lateral view) (Figs 6C, 7C, 8C, 9C, 10C, 11C, 12C)..................................................................................................................3Male pedipalpal tarsus short and not medially constricted (in lateral view)(Figs 13C, 14C, 15C, 16C, 17C) .........................................................................................................................7 3. Male tibia I with large ventral spur bearing one or more megaspines (Figs 6F, 7F, 8F)................................4Male tibia I without large ventral spur (Figs 9F, 10F, 11F, 12F) .....................................................................6 4. Male pedipalpal bulb rounded or ovoid, embolus usually long (Figs 7C, 8C)..................................................5 Male pedipalpal bulb pyriform, embolus very short (Fig. 6C) .......................................................  Chenistonia 5. Embolus not reflexed, arising from distal end of bulb (Fig. 7C) ................................................  Proshermacha Embolus reflexed, arising from retrolateral margin of bulb (Fig. 8C)................................................  Teyloides 6. Retroventral edge of pedipalpal tibia usually with one or two stout and thick or long spines  (Fig. 12C) ..................................................................................................................................................  Namea Retroventral edge of pedipalpal tibia without thick spine (Figs 9C, 10C, 11C) .........................................  Teyl 7. Male tarsus I swollen (Fig. 15F) ..........................................................................................................  Swolnpes Male tarsus I not swollen (e.g. Figs 13F, 16F, 17F)...........................................................................................8 8. Ventral margin of pedipalpal tibia with asetose depression (Fig. 16D) ................................................  Aname Ventral margin of pedipalpal tibia without asetose depression (Fig. 13D, 14D, 17D) ....................................9 9. Retrolateral margin of pedipalpal tibia with patch of stout setae (Fig. 13C, 14C) ...........................  Kwonkan Retrolateral margin of pedipalpal tibia without patch of stout setae (Fig. 17C) ...................  Hesperonatalius
            <p> TRIBE  ANAMINI SIMON, 1889</p>
            <p> Diagnosis: Members of the tribe  Anamini differ from other nemesiids by the well-defined posterior heel on the maxillae (Figs 6E, 7E, 8E, 9E, 10E, 11E, 12E, 13E, 14E, 15E, 16E, 17E), the absence of claw tufts and a serrula and both males and females with two rows of teeth on the paired claws. </p>
            <p> Remarks: Our analyses (Fig. 3) confirm that species currently included in the genera  Aname ,  Chenistonia ,  Hesperonatalius ,  Kwonkan ,  Merredinia ,  Namea ,  Pseudoteyl ,  Swolnpes ,  Teyl ,  Teyloides and  Yilgarnia form a monophyletic group. This clade is defined by the presence of a well-defined posterior heel on the maxillae and equates to the  Anamini as originally defined by Raven (1985b). Other taxa that have been previously aligned with this group in the subfamily  Anaminae , such as  Stanwellia from Australasia,  Acanthogonatus and  Longistylus Indicatti &amp; Lucas, 2005 from South America,  Sinopesa Raven &amp; Schwendinger, 1995 from Asia and  Entypesa ,  Hermacha and  Lepthercus from southern Africa and Madgascar, lack a pronounced maxillary heel (Raven, 1985b; Raven &amp; Schwendinger, 1995; Indicatti &amp; Lucas, 2005; Indicatti et al., 2015).  Stanwellia ,  Acanthogonatus and  Longistylus , along with many other nemesiid taxa, possess pseudosegmented [or ‘flexuous’ using the terminology of Goloboff (1995)] tarsi in males and some females (e.g. Raven, 1985b; Goloboff, 1995; Indicatti &amp; Lucas, 2005) and appear to be only distantly related to  Anamini , as here defined (Bond et al., 2012; Wheeler et al., 2017). </p>
            <p> The classification proposed by Main (1985a) recognized the tribes  Anamini and  Teylini . The  Teylini included  Teyl ,  Namea ,  Pseudoteyl and  Teyloides and was defined by the embolus arising from the lateral side of the male pedipalpal bulb. In  Anamini as so defined, the embolus arose from the distal end of the bulb. The lateral embolic configuration also occurs in  Longistylus from South America (Indicatti &amp; Lucas, 2005), but as  Longistylus lacks the pronounced maxillary heel, it seems reasonable to assume that this represents a convergent morphology. Our analyses recovered a monophyletic group that includes  Teyl ,  Namea and  Pseudoteyl , as well as  Merredinia , but the remaining  Anamini were not recovered as reciprocally monophyletic (Fig. 3). Accordingly, we abandon the multiple-tribe classification and instead recognize several informal groups within  Anamini : the  Teyl group, the  Kwonkan group, the  Chenistonia group and the  Aname group. We regard  Teylini Main, 1982 as a junior synonym of  Anamini Simon , 1899 (syn. nov.). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B45E4D47FFB4FFD2FC7CFA513798F8CF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Harvey, Mark S;Hillyer, Mia J;Main, Barbara York;Moulds, Timothy A;Raven, Robert J;Rix, Michael G;Vink, Cor J;Huey, Joel A	Harvey, Mark S, Hillyer, Mia J, Main, Barbara York, Moulds, Timothy A, Raven, Robert J, Rix, Michael G, Vink, Cor J, Huey, Joel A (2018): Phylogenetic relationships of the Australasian open-holed trapdoor spiders (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Nemesiidae: Anaminae): multi-locus molecular analyses resolve the generic classification of a highly diverse fauna. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 184 (2): 407-452, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx111, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/184/2/407/4932782
B45E4D47FFBAFFD3FE92FF7433C4FE41.text	B45E4D47FFBAFFD3FE92FF7433C4FE41.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chenistonia Hogg 1901	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> THE  CHENISTONIA GROUP </p>
            <p> Remarks: The analyses recovered a monophyletic  Chenistonia group (Fig. 3) that consists of two reciprocally monophyletic genera,  Chenistonia and  Proshermacha , and a third lineage consisting of the monotypic genus  Teyloides . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B45E4D47FFBAFFD3FE92FF7433C4FE41	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Harvey, Mark S;Hillyer, Mia J;Main, Barbara York;Moulds, Timothy A;Raven, Robert J;Rix, Michael G;Vink, Cor J;Huey, Joel A	Harvey, Mark S, Hillyer, Mia J, Main, Barbara York, Moulds, Timothy A, Raven, Robert J, Rix, Michael G, Vink, Cor J, Huey, Joel A (2018): Phylogenetic relationships of the Australasian open-holed trapdoor spiders (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Nemesiidae: Anaminae): multi-locus molecular analyses resolve the generic classification of a highly diverse fauna. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 184 (2): 407-452, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx111, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/184/2/407/4932782
B45E4D47FFBAFFD0FEC5FE76308FF9A2.text	B45E4D47FFBAFFD0FEC5FE76308FF9A2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chenistonia Hogg 1901	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> GENUS  CHENISTONIA HOGG, 1901</p>
            <p>FIG. 6</p>
            <p> Chenistonia Hogg, 1901: 262 . Type species:  Chenistonia maculata Hogg, 1901 , by original designation. </p>
            <p> Diagnosis: Males of  Chenistonia s.s. differ from all other  Anamini by the pear-shaped bulb with a short embolus (Fig. 6C, D).  Chenistonia further differs as follows: from  Aname and  Hesperonatalius by the maxillary cuspules being restricted to a relatively narrow band near the mesal edge (Fig. 6B); from  Aname by the lack of a ventral, asetose depression on the male pedipalpal tibia (Fig. 6D); from  Swolnpes by the digitiform tarsus I in males (Fig. 6F); from  Kwonkan and  Swolnpes by the lack of thickened setae on the retrolateral face of the male pedipalpal tibia (Fig. 6C) and lack of accessory branches on the spermathecae (Fig. 6G); and from most  Teyl ,  Teyloides and most  Namea by the embolus arising from the distal end of the pedipalpal bulb (Fig. 6C, D) or lacking a bulbous projection on metatarsus I (Fig. 6F). </p>
            <p>Description: Small to medium nemesiid spiders. Coloration: sclerotized regions yellow-brown to brown, abdomen mottled.</p>
            <p>Cephalothorax: Carapace (Fig. 6A) sparsely hirsute, with eight eyes in two rows; posterior median eyes (PME) slightly smaller than other eyes; fovea straight. Maxilla (Fig. 6E) with strongly produced basal heel; with numerous cuspules distributed over medial half and heel of each maxilla, not restricted to narrow band; maxillary serrula absent. Labium (Fig. 6E) wider than long, slightly indented anteriorly, without cuspules. Coxal cuspules absent (Fig. 6B). Sternum (Fig. 6B) with three pairs of small sigilla, close to lateral margin.</p>
            <p>Chelicera: Rastellum absent; cheliceral furrow with several prominent promarginal teeth and several small granules basomesally; intercheliceral tumescence absent.</p>
            <p>Pedipalp (Fig. 6C, D): Male tibia uniformly setose, without patch of spinules on retrolateral face, and without asetose ventral depression; tarsus (cymbium) long and slender, with pronounced medial constriction (in lateral view); with pear-shaped bulb and very short embolus; embolus not reflexed.</p>
            <p>Legs: Male tibia I (Fig. 6F) with large ventral spur bearing one or occasionally two megaspines; metatarsus I weakly incrassate; scopula usually present on entire ventral tarsi of legs I and II, and lighter scopula on tarsi III and IV, and metatarsi I and II; tarsi without spines; tarsus I not inflated; three claws, lateral claws each with two short rows of teeth; medial claw small and without ventral teeth.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Longer than wide. Two pairs of spinnerets; posterior median spinnerets unsegmented and separated by about diameter of spinneret; posterior lateral spinnerets three-segmented, apical segment elongate, digitiform.</p>
            <p>Female genitalia (Fig. 6G): One pair of low, rounded spermathecae.</p>
            <p> Distribution: Species of  Chenistonia are known from the temperate mesic zone of south-eastern Australia (including Tasmania), tropical north-eastern Queensland and from the far south-western corner of Western Australia. </p>
            <p> Remarks: Our analyses demonstrate a significant genetic division between taxa previously thought to represent  Chenistonia s.l. One group has males with a short embolus and a pear-shaped bulb (Fig. 6C) and is consistent with the  Aname maculata group as defined by Raven (1984b). The other has a long embolus and rounded bulb (Fig. 7C) and fits the  Chenistonia tepperi ‘super-species’ group defined by Main (1982a). Due to differences in pedipalpal morphology and consistent, substantial genetic divergences (Fig. 3), we propose that these groups be recognized as separate genera, the first taking the name  Chenistonia s.s. and the second taking the name  Proshermacha , which is here removed from the synonymy of  Chenistonia . The status and limits of  Chenistonia s.l. has vacillated in the past, with the genus being treated as a junior synonym of  Aname by Raven (1981, 1984a, 1985a) or as a distinct genus by Main (1982a, 1985b, 2012) and Raven (2000). The systematic position of the species here attributed to  Chenistonia s.s. is confirmed due to the good descriptions provided by Raven (1984b) and Main (2012). </p>
            <p> Included species:  Chenistonia boranup Main, 2012 ;  C. caeruleomontana (Raven, 1984) ;  C. earthwatchorum (Raven, 1984) ;  C. hickmani (Raven, 1984) ;  C. maculate Hogg, 1901 ;  C. montana (Raven, 1984) ;  C. trevallynia Hickman, 1926 ; and  C. tropica (Raven, 1984) . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B45E4D47FFBAFFD0FEC5FE76308FF9A2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Harvey, Mark S;Hillyer, Mia J;Main, Barbara York;Moulds, Timothy A;Raven, Robert J;Rix, Michael G;Vink, Cor J;Huey, Joel A	Harvey, Mark S, Hillyer, Mia J, Main, Barbara York, Moulds, Timothy A, Raven, Robert J, Rix, Michael G, Vink, Cor J, Huey, Joel A (2018): Phylogenetic relationships of the Australasian open-holed trapdoor spiders (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Nemesiidae: Anaminae): multi-locus molecular analyses resolve the generic classification of a highly diverse fauna. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 184 (2): 407-452, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx111, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/184/2/407/4932782
B45E4D47FFB9FFD1FF7CF905364FF8E1.text	B45E4D47FFB9FFD1FF7CF905364FF8E1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Proshermacha Simon 1908	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> GENUS  PROSHERMACHA SIMON, 1908 ,  STAT. REV.</p>
            <p>FIG. 7</p>
            <p> Proshermacha Simon, 1908: 363 . Type species:  Proshermacha subarmata Simon, 1908 , by subsequent designation of Rainbow (1911). </p>
            <p> Diagnosis: Species of  Proshermacha differ from  Chenistonia s.s. by the long embolus in males (Fig. 7C, D). They also differ from other  Anamini as follows: from  Aname and  Hesperonatalius by the maxillary cuspules being restricted to a relatively narrow band near the mesal edge (Fig. 7B); from  Kwonkan and  Swolnpes by the lack of thickened setae on the retrolateral face of the male pedipalpal tibia (Fig. 7C) and the lack of an accessory receptaculum in the female spermathecae (Fig. 7G); from  Swolnpes by the digitiform tarsus I in males (Fig. 7F); and from  Teyl ,  Teyloides and  Namea by the embolus arising from the distal end of the pedipalpal bulb (Fig. 7C) or lacking a bulbous projection on metatarsus I (Fig. 7F). </p>
            <p>Description: Medium to large nemesiid spiders. Coloration: ranging from pale to dark brown.</p>
            <p>Cephalothorax: Carapace (Fig. 7A) strongly hirsute, with eight eyes in two rows; PME slightly smaller than other eyes; fovea straight to procurved. Maxilla (Fig. 7E) with strongly produced basal heel; with numerous cuspules distributed over medial half and heel of each maxilla, restricted to a narrow medial band; maxillary serrula absent. Labium (Fig. 7E) wider than long, slightly indented anteriorly, without cuspules. Coxal cuspules absent (Fig. 7B). Sternum (Fig. 7B) with three pairs of sigilla; posterior pairs oval, subcentral.</p>
            <p>Chelicera: Rastellum weak or absent; cheliceral furrow with several prominent promarginal teeth and several small granules basomesally; intercheliceral tumescence absent.</p>
            <p>Pedipalp (Fig. 7C, D): Male tibia uniformly setose, without patch of spinules on retrolateral face, and without asetose ventral depression; tarsus (cymbium) long and slender, with prominent medial constriction (in lateral view); with simple pyriform bulb and tapering embolus; embolus not reflexed.</p>
            <p>Legs: Male tibia I (Fig. 7F) with large ventral spur bearing one, or occasionally two, megaspines; metatarsus I strongly incrassate; scopula usually present on entire ventral tarsi of legs I and II, and lighter scopula on tarsi III and IV, and metatarsi I and II; tarsi without spines; tarsus I not inflated; three claws, lateral claws each with two short rows of teeth; medial claw small and without ventral teeth.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Longer than wide. Two pairs of spinnerets; posterior median spinnerets unsegmented and separated by about diameter of spinneret; posterior lateral spinnerets three-segmented, apical segment elongate, digitiform.</p>
            <p>Female genitalia (Fig. 7G): One pair of spermathecae of variable shape.</p>
            <p> Distribution: Species of  Proshermacha are known from southern South Australia and south-western Western Australia, in mesic, semi-arid and arid habitats. </p>
            <p> Remarks: As discussed above under  Chenistonia , morphological and molecular data provide sufficient evidence for the resurrection of  Proshermacha , which has long been considered a junior synonym of  Aname or  Chenistonia (Raven, 1981, 1984a, 1985a, 2000; Main, 1982a, 1985b, 2012). The consistent differences in the length of the embolus support each clade morphologically. </p>
            <p> Many of the previously named species here attributed to  Proshermacha are poorly described and the status of those described by Hogg (1902), Simon (1908), Rainbow &amp; Pulleine (1918) and Main (1954), and included in  Chenistonia by Main (1982a, 1985b, 2012), are provisional and await confirmation based on revisionary studies. Indeed, the precise identity of the type species  Proshermacha subarmata Simon, 1908 , from south-western Australia, may remain unknown until additional adult specimens from the type locality can be identified. For this reason, we have not provided images of the type species, and instead include images of another species of  Proshermacha (Fig. 7). </p>
            <p> Preliminary results from an unpublished molecular analysis strongly indicate that  Proshermacha has high species-level diversity in south-western Australia (Harvey &amp; Huey, unpublished data), which is confirmed by morphological features, primarily in the male pedipalp and the morphology of the first leg. This diversity has also been recently acknowledged by Main (2012). As it is very unlikely that any of these Western Australian species are conspecific with  C. tepperi , which was originally described from southern South Australia (Hogg, 1902), we here remove all species from the synonymy of  C. tepperi until species-level revisions are undertaken. </p>
            <p> Included species:  Proshermacha auropilosa (Rainbow &amp; Pulleine, 1918) comb. nov. , transferred from  Chenistonia ;  P. cuspidata (Main, 1954) comb. nov. , transferred from  Chenistonia ;  P. intricata (Rainbow &amp; Pulleine, 1918) comb. nov. , transferred from  Aname ;  P. maculata (Rainbow &amp; Pulleine, 1918) comb. nov. , transferred from  Aname ;  P. subarmata Simon, 1908 , removed from synonymy with  Chenistonia tepperi ;  P. tepperi (Hogg, 1902) comb. nov. , transferred from  Chenistonia ;  P. tigrina Simon, 1908 , removed from synonymy with  Chenistonia tepperi ; and  P. villosa (Rainbow &amp; Pulleine, 1918) comb. nov. , transferred from  Chenistonia . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B45E4D47FFB9FFD1FF7CF905364FF8E1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Harvey, Mark S;Hillyer, Mia J;Main, Barbara York;Moulds, Timothy A;Raven, Robert J;Rix, Michael G;Vink, Cor J;Huey, Joel A	Harvey, Mark S, Hillyer, Mia J, Main, Barbara York, Moulds, Timothy A, Raven, Robert J, Rix, Michael G, Vink, Cor J, Huey, Joel A (2018): Phylogenetic relationships of the Australasian open-holed trapdoor spiders (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Nemesiidae: Anaminae): multi-locus molecular analyses resolve the generic classification of a highly diverse fauna. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 184 (2): 407-452, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx111, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/184/2/407/4932782
B45E4D47FFBFFFD7FEC5FF7430ABF97A.text	B45E4D47FFBFFFD7FEC5FF7430ABF97A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Teyloides Main 1985	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> GENUS  TEYLOIDES MAIN, 1985</p>
            <p>FIG. 8</p>
            <p> Teyloides Main, 1985a: 748 . Type species:  Teyloides bakeri Main, 1985 , by original designation. </p>
            <p> Diagnosis:  Teyloides bakeri differs from all other  Anamini except species of  Teyl and  Namea by the embolus arising from the retrolateral side of the pedipalpal bulb (Fig. 8C, D) – a morphology which is presumably homoplastic given the phylogenetic placement of  Teyloides in the  Chenistonia group rather than the  Teyl group. It differs from  Teyl and most species of  Namea by the presence of a megaspur and an enlarged spine on the tibia I of males (Fig. 8F), and by the coiled spermathecae in females (Fig. 8G) (Main, 1985a). It can be further distinguished from most species of  Namea by the absence of a stout and thick or long spine on the retroventral edge of the male pedipalpal tibia (see Raven, 1984a). </p>
            <p>Description: Large nemesiid spiders. Coloration: generally yellow-brown.</p>
            <p>Cephalothorax: Carapace (Fig. 8A) sparsely hirsute, with eight eyes in two rows; PME slightly smaller than other eyes; fovea straight. Maxilla (Fig. 8E) with strongly produced basal heel; with numerous cuspules distributed over medial half and heel of each maxilla, not restricted to narrow band; maxillary serrula absent. Labium (Fig. 8E) wider than long, slightly indented anteriorly, without cuspules. Coxal cuspules absent (Fig. 8B). Sternum (Fig. 8B) with three pairs of sigilla; posterior pairs rounded; all marginal.</p>
            <p>Chelicera: Rastellum absent; cheliceral furrow with several prominent promarginal teeth and several small granules basomesally; intercheliceral tumescence absent.</p>
            <p>Pedipalp (Fig. 8C, D): Male tibia uniformly setose, without patch of spinules on retrolateral face, and without asetose ventral depression; tarsus (cymbium) long and slender, with distinct medial constriction (in lateral view); with rounded bulb and long, tapering embolus; embolus reflexed, arising from retrolateral side of bulb.</p>
            <p>Legs: Male tibia I (Fig. 8F) with large ventral spur bearing one, or occasionally two, megaspines; metatarsus I strongly incrassate; scopula usually present on entire ventral tarsi of legs I and II, and lighter scopula on tarsi III and IV, and metatarsi I and II; tarsi without spines; tarsus I not inflated; three claws, lateral claws each with two short rows of teeth; medial claw small and without ventral teeth.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Longer than wide. Two pairs of spinnerets; posterior median spinnerets unsegmented and separated by about diameter of spinneret; posterior lateral spinnerets three-segmented, apical segment elongate, digitiform.</p>
            <p> Distribution:  Teyloides bakeri is currently known only from southern South Australia, in the mesic Mount Lofty Range east of Adelaide. </p>
            <p> Remarks: The specimen of  Teyloides bakeri in our molecular analyses was found to group with the  Chenistonia group (Fig. 3). This was an initially unexpected result given the  Teyl -like morphology of the male pedipalpal bulb, however, molecular data and the presence of a large leg I megaspur provide strong evidence of its affinities to the  Chenistonia group. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B45E4D47FFBFFFD7FEC5FF7430ABF97A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Harvey, Mark S;Hillyer, Mia J;Main, Barbara York;Moulds, Timothy A;Raven, Robert J;Rix, Michael G;Vink, Cor J;Huey, Joel A	Harvey, Mark S, Hillyer, Mia J, Main, Barbara York, Moulds, Timothy A, Raven, Robert J, Rix, Michael G, Vink, Cor J, Huey, Joel A (2018): Phylogenetic relationships of the Australasian open-holed trapdoor spiders (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Nemesiidae: Anaminae): multi-locus molecular analyses resolve the generic classification of a highly diverse fauna. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 184 (2): 407-452, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx111, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/184/2/407/4932782
B45E4D47FFBEFFD7FBDDFBD63678FA64.text	B45E4D47FFBEFFD7FBDDFBD63678FA64.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Teyl Main 1975	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> THE  TEYL GROUP </p>
            <p> Remarks: The  Teyl group includes species previously included in  Namea ,  Merredinia ,  Pseudoteyl and  Teyl (Fig. 3). All except  Merredinia have been previously considered members of the  Teylini (Main, 1985a) as they possess an embolus that arises from the lateral side of the pedipalpal bulb (Figs 9C, 11C, 12C); a morphology homoplastic in the unrelated genus  Teyloides . As discussed below, various species of  Merredinia also fall within this group concept. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B45E4D47FFBEFFD7FBDDFBD63678FA64	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Harvey, Mark S;Hillyer, Mia J;Main, Barbara York;Moulds, Timothy A;Raven, Robert J;Rix, Michael G;Vink, Cor J;Huey, Joel A	Harvey, Mark S, Hillyer, Mia J, Main, Barbara York, Moulds, Timothy A, Raven, Robert J, Rix, Michael G, Vink, Cor J, Huey, Joel A (2018): Phylogenetic relationships of the Australasian open-holed trapdoor spiders (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Nemesiidae: Anaminae): multi-locus molecular analyses resolve the generic classification of a highly diverse fauna. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 184 (2): 407-452, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx111, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/184/2/407/4932782
B45E4D47FFBEFFEAFC0EF9B63082FAA8.text	B45E4D47FFBEFFEAFC0EF9B63082FAA8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Teyl Main 1975	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> GENUS  TEYL MAIN, 1975</p>
            <p>FIGS 9–11</p>
            <p> Teyl Main, 1975: 74 . Type species:  Teyl luculentus Main, 1975 , by original designation. </p>
            <p> Merredinia Main, 1983: 931 . Type species:  Merredinia damsonoides Main, 1983 , by original designation, syn. nov. </p>
            <p> Pseudoteyl Main, 1985a: 753 . Type species:  Pseudoteyl vancouveri Main, 1985a , by original designation, syn. nov. </p>
            <p> Diagnosis: Most species of  Teyl ,  Namea and  Teyloides have the embolus arising from the lateral (usually retrolateral) side of the pedipalpal bulb (Figs 9C, 11C, 12C), whereas in other  Anamini it arises distally. The sole species of  Teyl without this feature (Fig. 10C),  T. damsonoides (here transferred from  Merredinia ), has a sinuate metatarsus I which also has a rounded process (Fig. 10F).  Teyl species differ from  Teyloides by the lack of a megaspur on the tibia I of males and the lack of coiled spermathecae in females, and from most species of  Namea by the absence of a stout and thick or long spine on the retroventral edge of the male pedipalpal tibia (see Raven, 1984a). </p>
            <p>Description: Small to large nemesiid spiders. Coloration: ranging from pale to dark brown.</p>
            <p>Cephalothorax: Carapace (Figs 9A, 10A, 11A) strongly to sparsely hirsute, with eight eyes in two rows; PME slightly smaller than other eyes; fovea straight to slightly recurved. Maxilla (Figs 9E, 10E, 11E) with strongly produced basal heel; with numerous cuspules distributed over medial half and heel of each maxilla, not restricted to narrow band; maxillary serrula absent. Labium (Figs 9E, 10E, 11E) wider than long, slightly indented anteriorly, without cuspules. Coxal cuspules absent (Figs 9B, 10B, 11B). Sternum (Figs 9B, 10B, 11B) with three pairs of small sigilla; posterior pairs round to oval, marginal to subcentral.</p>
            <p>Chelicera: Rastellum weak to absent; cheliceral furrow with several prominent promarginal teeth and several small granules basomesally; intercheliceral tumescence soft and pallid.</p>
            <p>Pedipalp (Figs 9C, D, 10C, D, 11C, D): Male tibia uniformly setose, without patch of spinules on retrolateral face, and without asetose ventral depression; tarsus (cymbium) long and slender, with medial constriction (in lateral view); with simple pyriform bulb and tapering embolus; embolus usually reflexed, but occasionally not reflexed.</p>
            <p>Legs: Male tibia I (Figs 9F, 10F, 11F) without ventral spur, with one or more larger ventral spines; metatarsus I sometimes weakly incrassate, or sinuate; scopula usually present on entire ventral tarsi of legs I and II, and lighter scopula on tarsi III and IV, and metatarsi I and II; tarsi without spines; tarsus I not inflated; three claws, lateral claws each with two short rows of teeth; medial claw small and without ventral teeth.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Longer than wide. Two pairs of spinnerets; posterior median spinnerets unsegmented and separated by about diameter of spinneret; posterior lateral spinnerets three-segmented, apical segment elongate, digitiform.</p>
            <p>Female genitalia (Figs 9G, 10G, 11G): One pair of spermathecae of variable shape.</p>
            <p> Distribution: Species of  Teyl are known from throughout southern and central Australia, in both mesic and arid habitats. Along with  Aname and  Kwonkan , they are a major component of the mygalomorph fauna of the central inland arid zone. </p>
            <p> Remarks: The molecular analyses recovered a clade containing species of  Teyl ,  Pseudoteyl and  Merredinia that was sister to  Namea flavomaculata (Rainbow &amp; Pulleine, 1918) (Fig. 3). This group did not include reciprocally monophyletic clades for all three named genera, and we therefore treat  Pseudoteyl and  Merredinia as junior synonyms of  Teyl (syn. nov.). This decision is supported by the morphological data: the original diagnoses of  Teyl and  Pseudoteyl suggest only slight morphological disparities (Main, 1985a), which we here suggest are insufficient to maintain separate genera. </p>
            <p> The morphological differences between  Teyl and  Merredinia are, however, more substantial. The embolus of  Merredinia damsonoides (the sole named species of the genus) arises from the distal end of the pedipalpal bulb (Fig. 10C, D), and the leg I of males has a sinuate metatarsus which also bears a bare rounded process (Fig. 10F). More remarkably, an unusual male of  Teyl MYG 455 from near Ravensthorpe (WAM T72719) was included in a clade with the  Merredinia specimens (Fig. 3) and has features of both genera, that is, it has metatarsus I with a bare rounded knob (which fits the diagnosis of  Merredinia ), but has a male pedipalp with the embolus arising from a lateral position (which matches the diagnosis of  Teyl ). The molecular data suggest that species of  Merredinia have been derived from a  Teyl -like ancestor, and that the male embolus has moved from a lateral position on the bulb to a terminal one, as in the taxa traditionally attributed to the  Anamini . Indeed,  Teyl MYG 455 resembles  T. yeni Main, 2004 from western Victoria, which also has a curved metatarsus I with a rounded knob and an embolus arising from the retrolateral side of the bulb (Main, 2004). These data confirm that  Merredinia is a junior synonym of  Teyl (syn. nov.), a result which is further consistent with the observations of Main (1985a, 2004), who suggested that  Merredinia may indeed be misplaced in the  Anamini due to the lack of a large spur on the tibia I of males. </p>
            <p> Included species:  Teyl damsonoides (Main, 1983) comb. nov. , transferred from  Merredinia ;  T. harveyi Main, 2004 ;  T. luculentus Main, 1975 ;  T. vancouveri (Main, 1985a) comb. nov. , transferred from  Pseudoteyl ;  T. walkeri Main, 2004 ; and  T. yeni Main, 2004 . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B45E4D47FFBEFFEAFC0EF9B63082FAA8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Harvey, Mark S;Hillyer, Mia J;Main, Barbara York;Moulds, Timothy A;Raven, Robert J;Rix, Michael G;Vink, Cor J;Huey, Joel A	Harvey, Mark S, Hillyer, Mia J, Main, Barbara York, Moulds, Timothy A, Raven, Robert J, Rix, Michael G, Vink, Cor J, Huey, Joel A (2018): Phylogenetic relationships of the Australasian open-holed trapdoor spiders (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Nemesiidae: Anaminae): multi-locus molecular analyses resolve the generic classification of a highly diverse fauna. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 184 (2): 407-452, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx111, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/184/2/407/4932782
B45E4D47FF83FFEBFEF2FA1A3368F943.text	B45E4D47FF83FFEBFEF2FA1A3368F943.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Namea Raven 1984	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> GENUS  NAMEA RAVEN, 1984</p>
            <p>FIG. 12</p>
            <p> Namea Raven, 1984a: 2 . Type species:  Namea capricornia Raven, 1984 , by original designation. </p>
            <p> Diagnosis: Species of  Namea closely resemble  Teyloides and  Teyl in that males of most species have the embolus arising from the lateral side of the pedipalpal bulb (Fig. 12C, D).  Namea can be distinguished from  Teyloides by the absence in most species of a megaspur with an enlarged spine on the tibia I of males, and by the lack of coiled spermathecae in females.  Namea can be further distinguished from species of  Teyl and  Teyloides by the presence in all but  N. dahmsi Raven, 1984 and  N. excavans Raven, 1984 of a stout and thick or long spine on the retroventral edge of the male pedipalpal tibia. </p>
            <p>Description: Small to medium-sized nemesiid spiders. Coloration: usually yellow-brown to brown.</p>
            <p>Cephalothorax: Carapace (Fig. 12A) usually hirsute, with eight eyes in two rows; PME usually slightly smaller than other eyes; fovea straight to slightly procurved. Maxilla (Fig. 12E) with strongly produced basal heel; with numerous cuspules distributed over medial half and heel of each maxilla, not restricted to narrow band; maxillary serrula absent. Labium (Fig. 12E) wider than long, slightly indented anteriorly, usually without cuspules. Coxal cuspules absent (Fig. 12B). Sternum (Fig. 12B) with three pairs of sigilla; posterior pairs usually rounded to oval, submarginal.</p>
            <p>Chelicera: Rastellum sometime present; cheliceral furrow with several prominent promarginal teeth and several small granules basomesally; intercheliceral tumescence soft and pallid.</p>
            <p>Pedipalp (Fig. 12C, D): Male tibia uniformly setose, without patch of spinules on retrolateral face, and without asetose ventral depression; tarsus (cymbium) long, with distinct medial constriction (in lateral view); with simple pyriform bulb and tapering embolus; embolus not reflexed.</p>
            <p>Legs: Male tibia I (Fig. 12F) usually without large ventral spur, with one or more megaspines; metatarsus I with slight proximal excavation; scopula usually present on entire ventral tarsi of legs I and II, and lighter scopula on tarsi III and IV, and metatarsi I and II; tarsi without spines; tarsus I not inflated; three claws, lateral claws each with two short rows of teeth; medial claw small and without ventral teeth.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Longer than wide. Two pairs of spinnerets; posterior median spinnerets unsegmented and separated by about diameter of spinneret; posterior lateral spinnerets three-segmented, apical segment elongate, digitiform.</p>
            <p>Female genitalia (Fig. 12G): One pair of spermathecae of variable shape.</p>
            <p> Distribution: Species of  Namea are known from the mesic forests of eastern Australia, with a range that extends from the Wet Tropics of north-eastern Queensland south to mid-eastern New South Wales (Raven, 1984a). </p>
            <p> Remarks: When first described,  Namea was hypothesized to be most similar to  Teyl (Raven, 1984a) . It was formally included in the tribe  Teylini by Main (1985a), based on the embolus originating on the retrolateral side of the bulb in the majority of species. The only species where the embolus arose distally,  N. callemonda Raven, 1984 and  N. dahmsi from south-eastern Queensland, were only doubtfully referred to  Namea by Raven (1984a) and Main (1985a). </p>
            <p> The single exemplar of  Namea in our analysis,  N. flavomaculata , was recovered as the sister-group to the genus  Teyl (Fig. 3). Further taxa, especially the morphologically anomalous  N. callemonda and  N. dahmsi , are required to test the limits and monophyly of this diverse genus. </p>
            <p> Included species:  Namea brisbanensis Raven, 1984 ;  N. bunya Raven, 1984 ;  N. calcaria Raven, 1984 ;  N. callemonda Raven, 1984 ;  N. capricornia Raven, 1984 ;  N. cucurbita Raven, 1984 ;  N. dahmsi Raven, 1984 ;  N. dicalcaria Raven, 1984 ;  N. excavans Raven, 1984 ;  N. flavomaculata (Rainbow &amp; Pulleine, 1918) ;  N. jimna Raven, 1984 ;  N. Nebulosa Raven, 1984 ;  N. olympus Raven, 1984 ;  N. salanitri Raven, 1984 ; and  N. saundersi Raven, 1984 . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B45E4D47FF83FFEBFEF2FA1A3368F943	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Harvey, Mark S;Hillyer, Mia J;Main, Barbara York;Moulds, Timothy A;Raven, Robert J;Rix, Michael G;Vink, Cor J;Huey, Joel A	Harvey, Mark S, Hillyer, Mia J, Main, Barbara York, Moulds, Timothy A, Raven, Robert J, Rix, Michael G, Vink, Cor J, Huey, Joel A (2018): Phylogenetic relationships of the Australasian open-holed trapdoor spiders (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Nemesiidae: Anaminae): multi-locus molecular analyses resolve the generic classification of a highly diverse fauna. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 184 (2): 407-452, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx111, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/184/2/407/4932782
B45E4D47FF82FFEBFE89F96836ADFD55.text	B45E4D47FF82FFEBFE89F96836ADFD55.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kwonkan	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> THE  KWONKAN GROUP </p>
            <p> Remarks: The analysis recovered a monophyletic group of species including the genera  Kwonkan ,  Yilgarnia and  Swolnpes , as well as  Aname turrigera Main, 1994 (Fig. 3). Females of this group possess a small and apparently synapomorphic medial accessory receptaculum on the spermathecae (Main, 1983; Raven, 1984b; Castalanelli et al., 2014) (Figs 13G, 14G, 15G), and males have a distinctive field of spinules on the retrolateral face of the pedipalpal tibia (Main, 1983, 1986, 2008; Main &amp; Framenau, 2009) (Figs 13C, 14C, 15C). Whether these modified setae also occur in  A. turrigera will depend on males being identified, as it was originally described only from females (Main, 1994). </p>
            <p> Our analysis found good support for the  Kwonkan group, but the internal relationships were less well resolved (Fig. 3). Species of  Swolnpes were sister to the other taxa (Fig. 3), but  Kwonkan and  Yilgarnia are treated as synonyms (see below). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B45E4D47FF82FFEBFE89F96836ADFD55	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Harvey, Mark S;Hillyer, Mia J;Main, Barbara York;Moulds, Timothy A;Raven, Robert J;Rix, Michael G;Vink, Cor J;Huey, Joel A	Harvey, Mark S, Hillyer, Mia J, Main, Barbara York, Moulds, Timothy A, Raven, Robert J, Rix, Michael G, Vink, Cor J, Huey, Joel A (2018): Phylogenetic relationships of the Australasian open-holed trapdoor spiders (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Nemesiidae: Anaminae): multi-locus molecular analyses resolve the generic classification of a highly diverse fauna. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 184 (2): 407-452, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx111, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/184/2/407/4932782
B45E4D47FF82FFE9FC12FD0C36A7FABA.text	B45E4D47FF82FFE9FC12FD0C36A7FABA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kwonkan Main 1983	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> GENUS  KWONKAN MAIN, 1983</p>
            <p>FIGS 13, 14</p>
            <p> Kwonkan Main, 1983: 925 . Type species:  Dekana wonganensis Main, 1977 , by original designation. </p>
            <p> Yilgarnia Main, 1986: 396 . Type species:  Yilgarnia currycomboides Main, 1986 , by original designation, syn. nov. </p>
            <p> Diagnosis: Species of  Kwonkan differ from other  Anamini except  Swolnpes by the presence of a field of spinules on the retrolateral face of the male pedipalpal tibia (Figs 13C, 14C), and a small accessory receptaculum on the female spermathecae (Figs 13G, 14G).  Kwonkan differs from  Swolnpes by the digitiform tarsus I in males (Figs 13F, 14F). </p>
            <p>Description: Small to medium nemesiid spiders. Coloration: ranging from pale to yellow-brown.</p>
            <p>Cephalothorax: Carapace (Figs 13A, 14A) strongly to sparsely hirsute, with eight eyes in two rows; PME slightly smaller than other eyes; fovea straight to procurved. Maxilla (Figs 13E, 14E) with strongly produced basal heel; with numerous cuspules distributed over medial half and heel of each maxilla, not restricted to narrow band; maxillary serrula absent. Labium (Figs 13E, 14E) wider than long, slightly indented anteriorly, without cuspules. Coxae III and IV usually without cuspules, but sometimes present. Sternum (Figs 13B, 14B) with three pairs of sigilla; posterior pairs oval to elongate, marginal to submarginal.</p>
            <p>Chelicera: Rastellum weak to stout; cheliceral furrow with several prominent promarginal teeth and several small granules basomesally; intercheliceral tumescence absent.</p>
            <p>Pedipalp (Figs 13C, D, 14C, D): Male tibia uniformly setose, with patch of spinules on retrolateral face, and without asetose ventral depression; tarsus (cymbium) short and terminally blunt, without medial constriction (in lateral view); with simple pyriform bulb and tapering embolus; embolus not reflexed.</p>
            <p>Legs: Male tibia I (Figs 13F, 14F) with large ventral spur bearing one, or occasionally two, megaspines; metatarsus I strongly incrassate; scopula usually present on entire ventral tarsi of legs I and II, and lighter scopula on tarsi III and IV, and metatarsi I and II; tarsi usually with one or more spines; tarsus I not inflated; three claws, lateral claws each with two short rows of teeth; medial claw small and without ventral teeth.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Longer than wide. Two pairs of spinnerets; posterior median spinnerets unsegmented and separated by about diameter of spinneret; posterior lateral spinnerets three-segmented, apical segment elongate, digitiform.</p>
            <p>Female genitalia (Figs 13G, 14G): One pair of lobate spermathecae each with small accessory receptaculum.</p>
            <p> Distribution: Species of  Kwonkan are known from throughout southern and central Australia, mostly in arid or semi-arid habitats. Along with  Aname and  Teyl , they are a major component of the mygalomorph fauna of the central inland arid zone. </p>
            <p> Remarks: The molecular analyses confirmed that  Kwonkan and  Yilgarnia formed a monophyletic group which also included  Aname turrigera Main, 1994 (Fig. 3). The clade  Kwonkan +  Yilgarnia was sister to  Swolnpes . Females of all three taxa possess a small, medial accessory receptaculum on the spermathecae (Main, 1983, 1986, 1994) (Figs 13G, 14G, 15G), and males have a field of spinules on the retrolateral face of the pedipalpal tibia (Main, 1983, 1986, 2008) (Figs 13C, 14C, 15C). While  Kwonkan and  Yilgarnia were originally defined on putatively autapomorphic features including the presence of spines on at least one pair of pedal tarsi in  Kwonkan (Main, 1983) and cuspules on coxae III and IV in  Yilgarnia (Main, 1986, 2008) (Fig. 14B), we have examined specimens (lodged in the WAM) that confound these diagnoses, including some species that lack tarsal spines and others that have both tarsal spines and coxal cuspules. Rather than devise a generic classification that attempts to incorporate all of this variation, we prefer to recognize a single genus-group name,  Kwonkan , and redefine the genus as outlined in the Diagnosis (above). This renders  Yilgarnia as a junior synonym of  Kwonkan (syn. nov.). </p>
            <p> The molecular inclusion of  Aname turrigera in  Kwonkan is also strongly supported by the morphological features of the females described by Main (1994). The spermathecae have a small accessory receptaculum as found in other species of the  Kwonkan group (Main, 1994, fig. 1I–K), and the abdomen has a distinctive colour pattern with a series of dark chevrons on a pale background, reminiscent of patterns found in other congeners (Main, 1983, 1986, 2008). Main (1994) noted a strong resemblance between  A. turrigera ,  Kwonkan and  Yilgarnia , but as  A. turrigera lacked the diagnostic features of those genera, which included the presence of tarsal spines in  Kwonkan and coxal cuspules in  Yilgarnia , she suggested it may eventually be found to belong to a new genus.  Aname turrigera has been recorded from either side of the Nullarbor Plain of southern Australia and is the only nemesiid that is known to construct an elevated turret to its burrow through or against vegetation (Main, 1994) (Fig. 1O). </p>
            <p> The genus  Kwonkan now contains nine named species including the six species originally included in the genus  Kwonkan by Main (1983), two species formerly in  Yilgarnia (Main, 1986, 2008) and  K. turrigera (Main, 1994) . There are numerous other species known from museum collections, and there is ample molecular data to support the hypothesis of a highly diverse fauna (Castalanelli et al., 2014; this study). </p>
            <p> Included species:  Kwonkan anatolion Main, 1983 ;  K. currycomboides (Main, 1986) comb. nov. , transferred from  Yilgarnia ;  K. eboracum Main, 1983 ;  K. goongarriensis Main, 1983 ;  K. linnaei (Main, 2008) comb. nov. , transferred from  Yilgarnia ;  K. moriartii Main, 1983 ;  K. silvestris Main, 1983 ;  K. turrigera (Main, 1994) comb. nov. , transferred from  Aname ; and  K. wonganensis (Main, 1977) . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B45E4D47FF82FFE9FC12FD0C36A7FABA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Harvey, Mark S;Hillyer, Mia J;Main, Barbara York;Moulds, Timothy A;Raven, Robert J;Rix, Michael G;Vink, Cor J;Huey, Joel A	Harvey, Mark S, Hillyer, Mia J, Main, Barbara York, Moulds, Timothy A, Raven, Robert J, Rix, Michael G, Vink, Cor J, Huey, Joel A (2018): Phylogenetic relationships of the Australasian open-holed trapdoor spiders (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Nemesiidae: Anaminae): multi-locus molecular analyses resolve the generic classification of a highly diverse fauna. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 184 (2): 407-452, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx111, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/184/2/407/4932782
B45E4D47FF80FFEEFCBEFA1F376DF8E0.text	B45E4D47FF80FFEEFCBEFA1F376DF8E0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Swolnpes Main & Framenau 2009	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> GENUS  SWOLNPES MAIN &amp; FRAMENAU, 2009</p>
            <p>FIG. 15</p>
            <p> Swolnpes Main &amp; Framenau, 2009: 278 . Type species:  Swolnpes darwini Main &amp; Framenau, 2009 , by original designation. </p>
            <p> Diagnosis: Species of  Swolnpes differ from all other  Anamini by the inflated tarsus I in males (Fig. 15F). </p>
            <p>Description: Small nemesiid spiders. Coloration: mostly pale yellow.</p>
            <p>Cephalothorax: Carapace (Fig. 15A) weakly hirsute, with eight eyes in two rows; PME slightly smaller than other eyes; fovea slightly procurved. Maxilla (Fig. 15E) with strongly produced basal heel; with numerous cuspules distributed over medial half and heel of each maxilla, not restricted to narrow band; maxillary serrula absent. Labium (Fig. 15E) wider than long, slightly indented anteriorly, without cuspules. Coxal cuspules absent (Fig. 15B). Sternum (Fig. 15B) with three pairs of barely discernible sigilla; posterior pairs elongate, marginal.</p>
            <p>Chelicera: absent; cheliceral furrow with several prominent promarginal teeth and several small granules basomesally; intercheliceral tumescence absent.</p>
            <p>Pedipalp (Fig. 15C, D): Male tibia uniformly setose, without patch of spinules on retrolateral face, and without asetose ventral depression; tarsus (cymbium) short and terminally blunt, without medial constriction (in lateral view); with simple pyriform bulb and tapering embolus; embolus not reflexed.</p>
            <p>Legs: Male tibia I (Fig. 15F) without ventral spur; metatarsus I not incrassate; scopula usually present on entire ventral tarsi of legs I and II, and lighter scopula on tarsi III and IV, and metatarsi I and II; tarsi without spines; tarsus I inflated; three claws, lateral claws each with two short rows of teeth; medial claw small and without ventral teeth.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Longer than wide. Two pairs of spinnerets; posterior median spinnerets unsegmented and separated by about diameter of spinneret; posterior lateral spinnerets three-segmented, apical segment elongate, digitiform.</p>
            <p>Female genitalia (Fig. 15G): One pair of small lobate spermathecae with accessory receptaculum.</p>
            <p> Distribution: Species of  Swolnpes are known only from the arid zone of southern Western Australia (see Main &amp; Framenau, 2009). </p>
            <p> Remarks: As noted above, the molecular analyses show that the genus  Swolnpes is the sister group to  Kwonkan . The two named species of  Swolnpes and at least two undescribed species (S. MYG234 and S. MYG415) are known from museum collections (Main &amp; Framenau, 2009; this study). </p>
            <p> Included species:  Swolnpes darwini Main &amp; Framenau, 2009 ; and  S. morganensis Main &amp; Framenau, 2009 . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B45E4D47FF80FFEEFCBEFA1F376DF8E0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Harvey, Mark S;Hillyer, Mia J;Main, Barbara York;Moulds, Timothy A;Raven, Robert J;Rix, Michael G;Vink, Cor J;Huey, Joel A	Harvey, Mark S, Hillyer, Mia J, Main, Barbara York, Moulds, Timothy A, Raven, Robert J, Rix, Michael G, Vink, Cor J, Huey, Joel A (2018): Phylogenetic relationships of the Australasian open-holed trapdoor spiders (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Nemesiidae: Anaminae): multi-locus molecular analyses resolve the generic classification of a highly diverse fauna. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 184 (2): 407-452, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx111, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/184/2/407/4932782
B45E4D47FF86FFEFFEB9FBF832E1FA35.text	B45E4D47FF86FFEFFEB9FBF832E1FA35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aname L. Koch 1873	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> THE  ANAME GROUP </p>
            <p> Remarks: Our analysis recovered a strongly monophyletic  Aname group that was sister to the  Kwonkan group (Fig. 3). The group was in turn divided into two main clades, the first representing the genus  Aname containing males with a megaspine and an enlarged spur on leg I, and  Hesperonatalius for males that lack these features. Despite the close morphological similarity of  Aname with species formerly included in  Chenistonia (but here referred to  Proshermacha ), we found that  Aname never grouped with  Proshermacha in the molecular analyses (Fig. 3). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B45E4D47FF86FFEFFEB9FBF832E1FA35	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Harvey, Mark S;Hillyer, Mia J;Main, Barbara York;Moulds, Timothy A;Raven, Robert J;Rix, Michael G;Vink, Cor J;Huey, Joel A	Harvey, Mark S, Hillyer, Mia J, Main, Barbara York, Moulds, Timothy A, Raven, Robert J, Rix, Michael G, Vink, Cor J, Huey, Joel A (2018): Phylogenetic relationships of the Australasian open-holed trapdoor spiders (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Nemesiidae: Anaminae): multi-locus molecular analyses resolve the generic classification of a highly diverse fauna. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 184 (2): 407-452, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx111, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/184/2/407/4932782
B45E4D47FF86FFE2FEFAF9BA3331FEC5.text	B45E4D47FF86FFE2FEFAF9BA3331FEC5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aname L. Koch 1873	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> GENUS  ANAME L. KOCH, 1873</p>
            <p>FIG. 16</p>
            <p> Aname L. Koch, 1873: 465 . Type species:  Aname pallida Koch, 1873 , by monotypy. </p>
            <p> Dekana Hogg, 1902: 138 . Type species:  Dekana diversicolor Hogg, 1902 , original designation. </p>
            <p> Sungenia Rainbow &amp; Pulleine, 1918: 162 . Type species:  Chenistonia (Dekana) atra Strand, 1913 , by monotypy. </p>
            <p> Dolichosternum Rainbow &amp; Pulleine, 1918: 168 . Type species:  Dolichosternum attenuatum Rainbow &amp; Pulleine, 1918 , by monotypy. </p>
            <p> Diagnosis: Species of  Aname differ from all other Australasian anamine genera by the presence of a ventral asetose depression on the male pedipalpal tibia (Fig. 16D). It further differs from some of these genera as follows: from  Kwonkan and  Swolnpes by the absence of a field of spinules on the retrolateral face of the male pedipalpal tibia (Fig. 16C) and the lack of an accessory receptaculum on the spermathecae (Fig. 16G); from  Swolnpes by the digitiform tarsus I in males (Fig. 16F); and from members of the  Teyl group by the embolus arising from the distal end of the bulb (Fig. 16C) or by the metatarsus I of males being straight and without a rounded process (Fig. 16F). </p>
            <p>Description: Small to large nemesiid spiders. Coloration: ranging from pale to dark brown.</p>
            <p>Cephalothorax: Carapace (Fig. 16A) strongly to sparsely hirsute, with eight eyes in two rows; PME slightly smaller than other eyes; fovea straight to procurved. Maxilla (Fig. 16E) with strongly produced basal heel; with numerous cuspules distributed over medial half and heel of each maxilla, not restricted to narrow band; maxillary serrula absent. Labium (Fig. 16E) wider than long, slightly indented anteriorly, without cuspules. Coxal cuspules absent (Fig. 16B). Sternum (Fig. 16B) with three pairs of sigilla; posterior pairs oval to elongate, marginal to subcentral.</p>
            <p>Chelicera: Rastellum weak to absent; cheliceral furrow with several prominent promarginal teeth and several small granules basomesally; intercheliceral tumescence absent.</p>
            <p>Pedipalp (Fig. 16C, D): Male tibia uniformly setose, without patch of spinules on retrolateral face (but larger spines sometimes present), and without asetose ventral depression; tarsus (cymbium) short and terminally blunt, without medial constriction (in lateral view); with simple pyriform bulb and tapering embolus; embolus not reflexed.</p>
            <p>Legs: Male tibia I (Fig. 16F) with large ventral spur bearing one, or occasionally two, megaspines; metatarsus I strongly incrassate; scopula usually present on entire ventral tarsi of legs I and II, and lighter scopula on tarsi III and IV, and metatarsi I and II; tarsi without spines; tarsus I not inflated; usually three claws on all legs, sometimes two on legs I, II, lateral claws each with two short rows of teeth; medial claw small and without ventral teeth, absent on leg I of some species.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Longer than wide. Two pairs of spinnerets; posterior median spinnerets unsegmented and separated by about diameter of spinneret; posterior lateral spinnerets three-segmented, apical segment elongate, digitiform.</p>
            <p>Female genitalia (Fig. 16G): One pair of spermathecae of variable shape.</p>
            <p> Distribution: Species of  Aname occur throughout most of Australia, including Tasmania, in a wide array of both arid and mesic habitats. Along with  Kwonkan and  Teyl , they are a major component of the mygalomorph fauna of the central inland arid zone. </p>
            <p> Remarks: The molecular analyses recovered a monophyletic assemblage of  Aname species , sister to  Hesperonatalius (Fig. 3).  Aname has three junior synonyms:  Dekana Hogg, 1902 ,  Dolichosternum Rainbow &amp; Pulleine, 1918 and  Sungenia Rainbow &amp; Pulleine, 1918 . All three taxa were synonymized by Raven (1981), along with  Chenistonia , although the latter has since been treated as a valid genus (e.g. Main, 1982a, 1985b, 2012; Raven, 2000; this study). Although we were unable to include specimens of the type species of these synonymous genera in our analysis, we are confident that their synonymy with  Aname is warranted based on the morphological criteria discussed by Raven (1981). As noted elsewhere, our data firmly demonstrate that  Chenistonia is quite distinct from  Aname and is confirmed as a valid genus (see above). </p>
            <p> The genus  Aname occurs widely across mainland Australia andTasmania, and includes 30 named species, as well as numerous unnamed species (e.g. Castalanelli et al., 2014; this study). Along with  Idiosoma , it may be among the most diverse of the Australian mygalomorph genera (Huey, Rix &amp; Harvey, unpublished data). Included species:  Aname aragog Harvey, Framenau, Wojcieszkek, Rix &amp; Harvey, 2012 ;  A. armigera Rainbow &amp; Pulleine, 1918 ;  A. atra (Strand, 1913) ;  A. aurea Rainbow &amp; Pulleine, 1918 ;  A. barrema Raven, 1985 ;  A. blackdownensis Raven, 1985 ;  A. camara Raven, 1985 ;  A. carina Raven, 1985 ;  A. coenosa Rainbow &amp; Pulleine, 1918 ;  A. collinsorum Raven, 1985 ;  A. comosa Rainbow &amp; Pulleine, 1918 ;  A. distincta (Rainbow, 1914) (=  Dolichosternum attenuatum Rainbow and Pulleine ; 1918,  A. villosa Rainbow &amp; Pulleine, 1918 );  A. diversicolor (Hogg, 1902) ;  A. ellenae Harvey, Framenau, Wojcieszkek, Rix &amp; Harvey, 2012 ;  A. fuscocincta Rainbow &amp; Pulleine, 1918 ;  A. grandis Rainbow &amp; Pulleine, 1918 (=  A. robusta Rainbow and Pulleine ; 1918);  A. hirsuta Rainbow &amp; Pulleine, 1918 ;  A. humptydoo Raven, 1985 ;  A. inimica Raven, 1985 ;  A. kirrama Raven, 1984 ;  A. longitheca Raven, 1985 ;  A. maculata Rainbow &amp; Pulleine, 1918 ;  A. mainae Raven, 2000 ;  A. marae Harvey, Framenau, Wojcieszkek, Rix &amp; Harvey, 2012 ;  A. mellosa Harvey, Framenau, Wojcieszkek, Rix &amp; Harvey, 2012 ;  A. pallida L. Koch, 1873 (=  Chenistonia giraulti Rainbow, 1914 );  A. platypus (L. Koch, 1875) ;  A. robertsorum Raven, 1985 ;  A. tasmanica Hogg, 1902 ;  A. tigrina Raven, 1985 ;  A. villosa (Rainbow &amp; Pulleine, 1918) ; and  A. warialda Raven, 1985 . </p>
            <p> GENUS  HESPERONATALIUS CASTALANELLI, HUEY, HILLYER &amp; HARVEY, 2017</p>
            <p>FIG. 17</p>
            <p> Hesperonatalius Castalanelli, Huey, Hillyer &amp; Harvey, 2017: 496 . Type species:  Hesperonatalius maxwelli Castalanelli, Huey, Hillyer &amp; Harvey, 2017 , by original designation. </p>
            <p> Diagnosis: Species of  Hesperonatalius differ from all other Australasian anamine genera as follows: from  Kwonkan and  Swolnpes by the lack of spinules on the retrolateral face of the male pedipalpal tibia (Fig. 17C) (and presumably the lack of an accessory receptaculum on the spermathecae, but females are currently unknown); from  Swolnpes by the digitiform tarsus I in males (Fig. 17F); from most species of the  Teyl group by the embolus arising from the distal end of the bulb (Fig. 17C, D), or the male first leg being straight and without a rounded knob (Fig. 17F); from  Chenistonia ,  Proshermacha and  Aname by the lack of a megaspur and enlarged spine on the tibia I of males (Fig. 17F); and from  Aname by the lack of a ventral asetose depression on the male pedipalpal tibia (Fig. 17D). </p>
            <p>Description: Small nemesiid spiders. Coloration: pale to yellow-brown.</p>
            <p>Cephalothorax: Carapace (Fig. 17A) sparsely hirsute, with eight eyes in two rows; PME slightly smaller than other eyes; fovea straight. Maxilla (Fig. 17E) with strongly produced basal heel; with numerous cuspules distributed over medial half and heel of each maxilla, not restricted to narrow band; maxillary serrula absent. Labium (Fig. 17E) wider than long, slightly indented anteriorly, without cuspules. Coxal cuspules absent (Fig. 17B). Sternum (Fig. 17B) either without sigilla or with one elongate posterior pair, marginal.</p>
            <p>Chelicera: Rastellum absent; cheliceral furrow with several prominent promarginal teeth and several small granules basomesally; intercheliceral tumescence absent.</p>
            <p>Pedipalp (Fig. 17C, D): Male tibia uniformly setose, without patch of spinules on retrolateral face, and without asetose ventral depression; tarsus (cymbium) short and terminally blunt, without medial constriction (in lateral view); with simple pyriform bulb and tapering embolus; embolus not reflexed.</p>
            <p>Legs: Male tibia I (Fig. 17F) with low ventral spur bearing one megaspine; metatarsus I weakly incrassate; very sparse scopula present on metatarsus and tarsi of legs; tarsi without spines; tarsus I not inflated; three claws, lateral claws each with two short rows of teeth; medial claw small and without ventral teeth.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Longer than wide. Two pairs of spinnerets; posterior median spinnerets unsegmented and separated by about diameter of spinneret; posterior lateral spinnerets three-segmented, apical segment elongate, digitiform.</p>
            <p>Female genitalia (Fig. 17G): Unknown.</p>
            <p> Distribution: Species of  Hesperonatalius are known only from the arid western margin of Western Australia, with a range that extends from Lake MacLeod to Geraldton. </p>
            <p> Remarks: We recovered  Hesperonatalius as the sister genus to  Aname in our molecular phylogeny (Fig. 3), from which it primarily differs by the lack of a ventral asetose depression on the male pedipalpal tibia (Castalanelli et al., 2017) (Fig. 17D). The genus currently contains three named species, but none are represented by females and the morphology of the spermathecae is unknown. </p>
            <p> I n c l u d e d s p e c i e s: H e s p e r o n a t a l i u s h a r r i e t a e C a s t a l a n e l l i, H u e y, H i l l y e r &amp; H a r v e y, 2 0 1 7;  H. langlandsi Castalanelli, Huey, Hillyer &amp; Harvey, 2017 ; and  H. maxwelli Castalanelli, Huey, Hillyer &amp; Harvey, 2017 . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B45E4D47FF86FFE2FEFAF9BA3331FEC5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Harvey, Mark S;Hillyer, Mia J;Main, Barbara York;Moulds, Timothy A;Raven, Robert J;Rix, Michael G;Vink, Cor J;Huey, Joel A	Harvey, Mark S, Hillyer, Mia J, Main, Barbara York, Moulds, Timothy A, Raven, Robert J, Rix, Michael G, Vink, Cor J, Huey, Joel A (2018): Phylogenetic relationships of the Australasian open-holed trapdoor spiders (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Nemesiidae: Anaminae): multi-locus molecular analyses resolve the generic classification of a highly diverse fauna. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 184 (2): 407-452, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx111, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/184/2/407/4932782
B45E4D47FF8BFFE3FF7BFEDB36AAF899.text	B45E4D47FF8BFFE3FF7BFEDB36AAF899.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stanwellia Rainbow & Pulleine 1918	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> GENUS  STANWELLIA RAINBOW &amp; PULLEINE, 1918</p>
            <p>FIG. 18</p>
            <p> Stanwellia Rainbow &amp; Pulleine, 1918: 164 . Type species:  Stanwellia decora Rainbow &amp; Pulleine, 1918 (junior synonym of  Chenistonia hoggi Rainbow, 1914 ), by monotypy. </p>
            <p> Aparua Todd, 1945: 390 . Type species:  Aparua bipectinata Todd, 1945 , by original designation. </p>
            <p> Diagnosis:  Stanwellia differs from other species of Australasian  Anamini by the lack of a posterior heel on the maxilla, the absence of cuspules on the posteromesal corner of the maxilla (Fig. 18B), and the presence of flexuous tarsi. </p>
            <p>D e s c r i p t i o n: S m a l l t o l a r g e n e m e s i i d s p i d e r s. Coloration: ranging from pale to dark brown.</p>
            <p>Cephalothorax: Carapace (Fig. 18A) strongly to sparsely hirsute, with eight eyes in two rows; PME slightly smaller than other eyes; fovea straight to procurved. Maxilla without strongly produced basal heel; with numerous cuspules confined to anterior ectal corner; maxillary serrula usually present. Labium (Fig. 18E) wider than long, slightly indented anteriorly, sometimes with cuspules. Coxal cuspules absent (Fig. 18B). Sternum (Fig. 18B) with three pairs of sigilla; posterior pairs rounded, situated near lateral margin.</p>
            <p>Chelicera: Rastellum usually present; cheliceral furrow with several prominent promarginal teeth and several small granules basomesally; intercheliceral tumescence absent.</p>
            <p>Pedipalp (Fig. 18C, D): Male tibia uniformly setose, without patch of spinules on retrolateral face, and without asetose ventral depression; tarsus (cymbium) short and terminally blunt, without medial constriction (in lateral view); with simple pyriform bulb and tapering embolus; embolus not reflexed.</p>
            <p>Legs: Male tibia I (Fig. 18F) without ventral spur; metatarsus I not incrassate; scopula usually present on all tarsi of males; tarsi flexuous and without spines; tarsus I not inflated; three claws, lateral claws each with two short rows of teeth; medial claw small and without ventral teeth.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Longer than wide. Two pairs of spinnerets; posterior median spinnerets unsegmented and separated by about diameter of spinneret; posterior lateral spinnerets three-segmented, apical segment elongate, digitiform.</p>
            <p>Female genitalia (Fig. 18G): One pair of spermathecae of lobate spermathecae.</p>
            <p> Remarks: Although considered a member of the  Anaminae based on morphological criteria (Raven, 1985b), alternative phylogenetic positions for  Stanwellia have since been proposed. In a cladistic treatment based on morphological characters, Goloboff (1995) found  Stanwellia to group with  Acanthogonatus ,  Pycnothele ,  Rachias and  Stenoterommata from South America and  Hermacha from South Africa. This alternative placement for  Stanwellia with  Acanthogonatus and  Stenoterommata was also recovered by Bond et al. (2012) and Leavitt et al. (2015). Bond et al. (2012) found these three genera to be sister to  Fufius , a result that was also recovered in our analysis, albeit with weak support (Fig. 2). Wheeler et al. (2017) recovered a  Stanwellia +  Acanthogonatus clade as sister to all other  Nemesiidae , while Leavitt et al. (2015) found the  Stanwellia ,  Acanthogonatus ,  Stenoterommata clade to be sister to  Pionothele , with  Fufius sister to  Brachythele Ausserer, 1871 , from Europe. Our analyses consistently failed to recover  Stanwellia as part of the  Anamini (Fig. 3). In the three gene analysis (Fig. 2), it formed a group with  Acanthogonatus and  Stenoterommata , similar to the results of Bond et al. (2012) and Leavitt et al. (2015), and Raven (1985b) also inferred a sister-group relationship between  Stanwellia and  Acanthogonatus . If a close relationship between  Stanwellia ,  Acanthogonatus ,  Stenoterommata and  Pycnothele is maintained, as proposed by Goloboff (1995), the subfamily-group name Pycnothelinae Chamberlin, 1917 is available for this clade (Chamberlin, 1917). </p>
            <p> The New Zealand specimens of  Stanwellia used in this study nested within the Australian clade (Fig. 3), rendering  Stanwellia as the only nemesiid genus that occurs in both Australia and New Zealand. The New Zealand species were previously included in the endemic genus  Aparua (e.g. Todd, 1945; Forster &amp; Wilton, 1968) until Main (1983) treated the latter as a junior synonym of  Stanwellia . </p>
            <p> Included species: Australian species:  Stanwellia annulipes (C.L. Koch, 1842) ;  S. grisea (Hogg, 1901) (=  Aname arborea Hogg, 1901 ;  A. pellucida Hogg, 1901 ;  I. gregori Hogg, 1901 ;  Chenistonia major Hogg, 1901 ;  A. butleri Rainbow &amp; Pulleine, 1918 );  S. hoggi (Rainbow, 1914) (=  S. decora Rainbow &amp; Pulleine, 1918 ;  Aname decora Rainbow &amp; Pulleine, 1918 );  S. inornata Main, 1972 ;  S. minor (Kulczynski, 1908) ;  S. nebulosa (Rainbow &amp; Pulleine, 1918) (=  Aname confusa Rainbow &amp; Pulleine, 1918 );  S. occidentalis Main, 1972 ;  S. pexa (Hickman, 1930) . </p>
            <p> New Zealand species:  S. bipectinata (Todd, 1945) ;  S. hapua (Forster, 1968) ;  S. hollowayi (Forster, 1968) ;  S. houhora (Forster, 1968) ;  S. kaituna (Forster, 1968) ;  S. media (Forster, 1968) ;  S. puna (Forster, 1968) ;  S. regia (Forster, 1968) ;  S. taranga (Forster, 1968) ;  S. tuna (Forster, 1968) . </p>
            <p>PROBLEMATIC ANAMINE TAXA AND AVENUES FOR FUTURE RESEARCH</p>
            <p> While our taxon sampling of Australasian  Anaminae (sensu Raven, 1985b) is relatively broad, at least at the generic level, there are some taxa that require further research to test their systematic placement and answer lingering questions regarding their relationships. For example, the monophyly of the genus  Namea could not be confirmed with our dataset, and the morphological features of some species preclude a straightforward diagnosis (Raven, 1984a). In particular, two species from south-eastern Queensland,  N. callemonda and  N. dahmsi , lack the laterally originating embolus that occurs in other species of the genus (Raven, 1984a) and in all other taxa assigned by Main (1985a) to the  Teylini . Raven (1984a) and Main (1985a) highlighted the anomalous morphology of both of these species and suggested that they might be better placed in a new genus. We recommend that sequence data be used to elucidate their relationships more effectively, and that a variety of  Namea species will help to test the monophyly of this morphologically diverse assemblage of taxa. Similarly, females have not yet been attributed to any of the species of  Hesperonatalius (Castalanelli et al., 2017) , and males of  Kwonkan turrigera are currently unknown, although our analysis hypothesizes that they will possess a field of spinules on the retrolateral face of the pedipalpal tibia, similar to other species of  Kwonkan . </p>
            <p> Finally, the phylogenetic placement of the genus  Stanwellia can now only be more fully resolved using multi-gene molecular datasets from a broad range of nemesiid taxa. While the analyses undertaken thus far suggests a close relationship with the South American genera  Acanthogonatus and  Stenoterommata , and possibly also  Fufius and  Pionothele (Bond et al., 2012; Leavitt et al., 2015), samples of many other taxa are required to adequately test these hypotheses. Such research will also help determine the monophyly and limits of the  Nemesiidae , which may be at best paraphyletic, or at worst polyphyletic. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B45E4D47FF8BFFE3FF7BFEDB36AAF899	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Harvey, Mark S;Hillyer, Mia J;Main, Barbara York;Moulds, Timothy A;Raven, Robert J;Rix, Michael G;Vink, Cor J;Huey, Joel A	Harvey, Mark S, Hillyer, Mia J, Main, Barbara York, Moulds, Timothy A, Raven, Robert J, Rix, Michael G, Vink, Cor J, Huey, Joel A (2018): Phylogenetic relationships of the Australasian open-holed trapdoor spiders (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Nemesiidae: Anaminae): multi-locus molecular analyses resolve the generic classification of a highly diverse fauna. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 184 (2): 407-452, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx111, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/184/2/407/4932782
