taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
FF4C86D8B7F45F98B793981B46FD81F7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1302719	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.98.141572.figure6	Figure 6. Vespa analis parallela A outer surface of the right mandible in frontal view B ventral portion of the palatolabral junction, with the yellow ring indicating the presence of spicules C, D head in frontal view E labrum (left) and palate (right) in frontal view F apical portion of the right mandible. Scale bars: 0.03 mm (A); 0.2 mm (B); 0.3 mm (C, D, G); 0.1 mm (E, F)	Figure 6. Vespa analis parallela A outer surface of the right mandible in frontal view B ventral portion of the palatolabral junction, with the yellow ring indicating the presence of spicules C, D head in frontal view E labrum (left) and palate (right) in frontal view F apical portion of the right mandible. Scale bars: 0.03 mm (A); 0.2 mm (B); 0.3 mm (C, D, G); 0.1 mm (E, F)	2025-04-08	Kim, Jaehee;Kwon, Oh-Seok;Yamane, Seiki;Choi, Moon Bo		Zenodo	biologists	Kim, Jaehee;Kwon, Oh-Seok;Yamane, Seiki;Choi, Moon Bo			
BE4CBE2402B6538281C5D77D5F3E4424.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1302723	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.98.141572.figure10	Figure 10. Vespa binghami A right mandible, with the arrow indicating pits B labrum in ventrofrontal view C, D head in frontal view E labrum (left) and palate (right) in frontal view F apical portion of the right mandible G temporal band. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A, E, F); 0.03 mm (B); 0.3 mm (C, D, G).	Figure 10. Vespa binghami A right mandible, with the arrow indicating pits B labrum in ventrofrontal view C, D head in frontal view E labrum (left) and palate (right) in frontal view F apical portion of the right mandible G temporal band. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A, E, F); 0.03 mm (B); 0.3 mm (C, D, G).	2025-04-08	Kim, Jaehee;Kwon, Oh-Seok;Yamane, Seiki;Choi, Moon Bo		Zenodo	biologists	Kim, Jaehee;Kwon, Oh-Seok;Yamane, Seiki;Choi, Moon Bo			
CD21361E04F15A3EAE06AC62D19F0AC2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1302718	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.98.141572.figure5	Figure 5. Vespa crabro flavofasciata A outer surface of the mandible B medioventral portion of the palate, showing minute spicules located on the conical papilla (indicated by an arrow) C, D clypeus in frontal view, highlighting pigmented spots on its dorsal and lateral margins E, F head in frontal view G labrum (left) and palate (right) in frontal view H two types of mandibular teeth. Scale bars: 0.03 mm (A, B); 0.3 mm (C – F, I); 0.1 mm (G, H)	Figure 5. Vespa crabro flavofasciata A outer surface of the mandible B medioventral portion of the palate, showing minute spicules located on the conical papilla (indicated by an arrow) C, D clypeus in frontal view, highlighting pigmented spots on its dorsal and lateral margins E, F head in frontal view G labrum (left) and palate (right) in frontal view H two types of mandibular teeth. Scale bars: 0.03 mm (A, B); 0.3 mm (C – F, I); 0.1 mm (G, H)	2025-04-08	Kim, Jaehee;Kwon, Oh-Seok;Yamane, Seiki;Choi, Moon Bo		Zenodo	biologists	Kim, Jaehee;Kwon, Oh-Seok;Yamane, Seiki;Choi, Moon Bo			
AE86BE36C9295A1B97C4A3D6CA919C2A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1302717	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.98.141572.figure4	Figure 4. Vespa ducalis A left mandible in frontal view, with the arrow indicating pits B dorsolateral portion of the left half of the labrum in frontal view C right mandible D, E head in frontal view F labrum (left) and palate (right) in frontal view G two examples of the apical portion of the mandible, with the arrow showing the inclination of the dorsal margin of tooth III and red lines highlighting the acute apex of tooth I H temporal band. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A, C); 0.03 mm (B); 0.3 mm (D, E, H); 0.1 mm (F, G).	Figure 4. Vespa ducalis A left mandible in frontal view, with the arrow indicating pits B dorsolateral portion of the left half of the labrum in frontal view C right mandible D, E head in frontal view F labrum (left) and palate (right) in frontal view G two examples of the apical portion of the mandible, with the arrow showing the inclination of the dorsal margin of tooth III and red lines highlighting the acute apex of tooth I H temporal band. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A, C); 0.03 mm (B); 0.3 mm (D, E, H); 0.1 mm (F, G).	2025-04-08	Kim, Jaehee;Kwon, Oh-Seok;Yamane, Seiki;Choi, Moon Bo		Zenodo	biologists	Kim, Jaehee;Kwon, Oh-Seok;Yamane, Seiki;Choi, Moon Bo			
26FBF6B4692C50A090C8B3927D7B8DE9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1302720	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.98.141572.figure7	Figure 7. Vespa dybowskii A outer surface of the right mandible, showing the absence of pits on the outer surface B, C head in frontal view D labrum (left) and palate (right) in frontal view E temporal band F apical portion of the right mandible, with the arrow indicating a shallow incision on the dorsal margin of tooth II. Scale bars: 0.03 mm (A); 0.3 mm (B, C, E); 0.1 mm (D, F).	Figure 7. Vespa dybowskii A outer surface of the right mandible, showing the absence of pits on the outer surface B, C head in frontal view D labrum (left) and palate (right) in frontal view E temporal band F apical portion of the right mandible, with the arrow indicating a shallow incision on the dorsal margin of tooth II. Scale bars: 0.03 mm (A); 0.3 mm (B, C, E); 0.1 mm (D, F).	2025-04-08	Kim, Jaehee;Kwon, Oh-Seok;Yamane, Seiki;Choi, Moon Bo		Zenodo	biologists	Kim, Jaehee;Kwon, Oh-Seok;Yamane, Seiki;Choi, Moon Bo			
26FBF6B4692C50A090C8B3927D7B8DE9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1302719	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.98.141572.figure6	Figure 6. Vespa analis parallela A outer surface of the right mandible in frontal view B ventral portion of the palatolabral junction, with the yellow ring indicating the presence of spicules C, D head in frontal view E labrum (left) and palate (right) in frontal view F apical portion of the right mandible. Scale bars: 0.03 mm (A); 0.2 mm (B); 0.3 mm (C, D, G); 0.1 mm (E, F)	Figure 6. Vespa analis parallela A outer surface of the right mandible in frontal view B ventral portion of the palatolabral junction, with the yellow ring indicating the presence of spicules C, D head in frontal view E labrum (left) and palate (right) in frontal view F apical portion of the right mandible. Scale bars: 0.03 mm (A); 0.2 mm (B); 0.3 mm (C, D, G); 0.1 mm (E, F)	2025-04-08	Kim, Jaehee;Kwon, Oh-Seok;Yamane, Seiki;Choi, Moon Bo		Zenodo	biologists	Kim, Jaehee;Kwon, Oh-Seok;Yamane, Seiki;Choi, Moon Bo			
5C569FCA95C65D62A1E9DE1BE7240CE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1302716	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.98.141572.figure3	Figure 3. Vespa mandarinia A apical portion of the right mandible, with the arrow indicating pits B left half of the labrum in ventrofrontal view C two examples of the labrum (ventral view), with the median patch circled D, E head in frontal view F labrum (left) and palate (right) in frontal view G relative positions of the temporal band, antenna (arrow), and clypeus, with a thick double-headed arrow indicating the distance between the dorsal margin of the clypeus and the ventral margin of the antenna H apical portion of the mandible, showing the configuration of the teeth. (For abbreviations, see Terminology.) Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A, B); 0.1 mm (C, F, H); 0.3 mm (D, E, G).	Figure 3. Vespa mandarinia A apical portion of the right mandible, with the arrow indicating pits B left half of the labrum in ventrofrontal view C two examples of the labrum (ventral view), with the median patch circled D, E head in frontal view F labrum (left) and palate (right) in frontal view G relative positions of the temporal band, antenna (arrow), and clypeus, with a thick double-headed arrow indicating the distance between the dorsal margin of the clypeus and the ventral margin of the antenna H apical portion of the mandible, showing the configuration of the teeth. (For abbreviations, see Terminology.) Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A, B); 0.1 mm (C, F, H); 0.3 mm (D, E, G).	2025-04-08	Kim, Jaehee;Kwon, Oh-Seok;Yamane, Seiki;Choi, Moon Bo		Zenodo	biologists	Kim, Jaehee;Kwon, Oh-Seok;Yamane, Seiki;Choi, Moon Bo			
AC7243E376F256B699DCD02A959BFCF4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1302721	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.98.141572.figure8	Figure 8. Vespa simillima simillima A basal portion of the right mandible, showing the absence of pits on the outer surface B minute spicules on the conical papillae (arrow) in the medioventral portion of the palate C spicules in the lateral part of the palatolabral junction D, E antenna and clypeus; black arrows indicate variations in antennal rim sclerotization, the blue arrow indicates a dotted patch on the frons, a blue line shows that the dorsalmost point of the clypeus and ventral margin of the antenna are at the same level, the red line is tangent to the inner margin of the antenna and the outermost point of the clypeus, and a yellow line showing the gap between the ventral margin of the temporal band and the dorsal margin of the antenna F, G head in frontal view H labrum (left) and palate (right) in frontal view I apical portion of the right mandible, with the arrow showing variation in the shape of tooth II J temporal band in Vespa simillima and V. velutina. Scale bars: 0.03 mm (A – C); 0.3 mm (D – G, J), 0.1 mm (H, I).	Figure 8. Vespa simillima simillima A basal portion of the right mandible, showing the absence of pits on the outer surface B minute spicules on the conical papillae (arrow) in the medioventral portion of the palate C spicules in the lateral part of the palatolabral junction D, E antenna and clypeus; black arrows indicate variations in antennal rim sclerotization, the blue arrow indicates a dotted patch on the frons, a blue line shows that the dorsalmost point of the clypeus and ventral margin of the antenna are at the same level, the red line is tangent to the inner margin of the antenna and the outermost point of the clypeus, and a yellow line showing the gap between the ventral margin of the temporal band and the dorsal margin of the antenna F, G head in frontal view H labrum (left) and palate (right) in frontal view I apical portion of the right mandible, with the arrow showing variation in the shape of tooth II J temporal band in Vespa simillima and V. velutina. Scale bars: 0.03 mm (A – C); 0.3 mm (D – G, J), 0.1 mm (H, I).	2025-04-08	Kim, Jaehee;Kwon, Oh-Seok;Yamane, Seiki;Choi, Moon Bo		Zenodo	biologists	Kim, Jaehee;Kwon, Oh-Seok;Yamane, Seiki;Choi, Moon Bo			
AC7243E376F256B699DCD02A959BFCF4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1302722	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.98.141572.figure9	Figure 9. Vespa velutina nigrithorax A basal area of the right mandible, showing the absence of pits B left half of the labrum in ventrofrontal view C lateral part of the labrum showing spicules on the palate (arrow) D, E head in frontal view, with the arrow indicating a dotted patch (dt) and an enlarged image F labrum (left) and palate (right) in frontal view G apical portion of the right mandible, with the arrow showing variations in the shape of teeth I and II. Scale bars: 0.03 mm (A, C); 0.1 mm (B, F, G); 0.3 mm (D, E).	Figure 9. Vespa velutina nigrithorax A basal area of the right mandible, showing the absence of pits B left half of the labrum in ventrofrontal view C lateral part of the labrum showing spicules on the palate (arrow) D, E head in frontal view, with the arrow indicating a dotted patch (dt) and an enlarged image F labrum (left) and palate (right) in frontal view G apical portion of the right mandible, with the arrow showing variations in the shape of teeth I and II. Scale bars: 0.03 mm (A, C); 0.1 mm (B, F, G); 0.3 mm (D, E).	2025-04-08	Kim, Jaehee;Kwon, Oh-Seok;Yamane, Seiki;Choi, Moon Bo		Zenodo	biologists	Kim, Jaehee;Kwon, Oh-Seok;Yamane, Seiki;Choi, Moon Bo			
AC7243E376F256B699DCD02A959BFCF4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1302719	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.98.141572.figure6	Figure 6. Vespa analis parallela A outer surface of the right mandible in frontal view B ventral portion of the palatolabral junction, with the yellow ring indicating the presence of spicules C, D head in frontal view E labrum (left) and palate (right) in frontal view F apical portion of the right mandible. Scale bars: 0.03 mm (A); 0.2 mm (B); 0.3 mm (C, D, G); 0.1 mm (E, F)	Figure 6. Vespa analis parallela A outer surface of the right mandible in frontal view B ventral portion of the palatolabral junction, with the yellow ring indicating the presence of spicules C, D head in frontal view E labrum (left) and palate (right) in frontal view F apical portion of the right mandible. Scale bars: 0.03 mm (A); 0.2 mm (B); 0.3 mm (C, D, G); 0.1 mm (E, F)	2025-04-08	Kim, Jaehee;Kwon, Oh-Seok;Yamane, Seiki;Choi, Moon Bo		Zenodo	biologists	Kim, Jaehee;Kwon, Oh-Seok;Yamane, Seiki;Choi, Moon Bo			
8408B6C5DD2650ADA8BDB7462118C22D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1302722	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.98.141572.figure9	Figure 9. Vespa velutina nigrithorax A basal area of the right mandible, showing the absence of pits B left half of the labrum in ventrofrontal view C lateral part of the labrum showing spicules on the palate (arrow) D, E head in frontal view, with the arrow indicating a dotted patch (dt) and an enlarged image F labrum (left) and palate (right) in frontal view G apical portion of the right mandible, with the arrow showing variations in the shape of teeth I and II. Scale bars: 0.03 mm (A, C); 0.1 mm (B, F, G); 0.3 mm (D, E).	Figure 9. Vespa velutina nigrithorax A basal area of the right mandible, showing the absence of pits B left half of the labrum in ventrofrontal view C lateral part of the labrum showing spicules on the palate (arrow) D, E head in frontal view, with the arrow indicating a dotted patch (dt) and an enlarged image F labrum (left) and palate (right) in frontal view G apical portion of the right mandible, with the arrow showing variations in the shape of teeth I and II. Scale bars: 0.03 mm (A, C); 0.1 mm (B, F, G); 0.3 mm (D, E).	2025-04-08	Kim, Jaehee;Kwon, Oh-Seok;Yamane, Seiki;Choi, Moon Bo		Zenodo	biologists	Kim, Jaehee;Kwon, Oh-Seok;Yamane, Seiki;Choi, Moon Bo			
8408B6C5DD2650ADA8BDB7462118C22D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1302721	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.98.141572.figure8	Figure 8. Vespa simillima simillima A basal portion of the right mandible, showing the absence of pits on the outer surface B minute spicules on the conical papillae (arrow) in the medioventral portion of the palate C spicules in the lateral part of the palatolabral junction D, E antenna and clypeus; black arrows indicate variations in antennal rim sclerotization, the blue arrow indicates a dotted patch on the frons, a blue line shows that the dorsalmost point of the clypeus and ventral margin of the antenna are at the same level, the red line is tangent to the inner margin of the antenna and the outermost point of the clypeus, and a yellow line showing the gap between the ventral margin of the temporal band and the dorsal margin of the antenna F, G head in frontal view H labrum (left) and palate (right) in frontal view I apical portion of the right mandible, with the arrow showing variation in the shape of tooth II J temporal band in Vespa simillima and V. velutina. Scale bars: 0.03 mm (A – C); 0.3 mm (D – G, J), 0.1 mm (H, I).	Figure 8. Vespa simillima simillima A basal portion of the right mandible, showing the absence of pits on the outer surface B minute spicules on the conical papillae (arrow) in the medioventral portion of the palate C spicules in the lateral part of the palatolabral junction D, E antenna and clypeus; black arrows indicate variations in antennal rim sclerotization, the blue arrow indicates a dotted patch on the frons, a blue line shows that the dorsalmost point of the clypeus and ventral margin of the antenna are at the same level, the red line is tangent to the inner margin of the antenna and the outermost point of the clypeus, and a yellow line showing the gap between the ventral margin of the temporal band and the dorsal margin of the antenna F, G head in frontal view H labrum (left) and palate (right) in frontal view I apical portion of the right mandible, with the arrow showing variation in the shape of tooth II J temporal band in Vespa simillima and V. velutina. Scale bars: 0.03 mm (A – C); 0.3 mm (D – G, J), 0.1 mm (H, I).	2025-04-08	Kim, Jaehee;Kwon, Oh-Seok;Yamane, Seiki;Choi, Moon Bo		Zenodo	biologists	Kim, Jaehee;Kwon, Oh-Seok;Yamane, Seiki;Choi, Moon Bo			
