identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
A66D87F5FFF7FF90FF49FBB25E5F1EC7.text	A66D87F5FFF7FF90FF49FBB25E5F1EC7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leishmania	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Detection of  Leishmania ,  Trypanosoma , and  Bartonella DNA in sand flies </p>
            <p> To detect pathogens in sand flies, primer sets on the basis of three genes were selected:  Leishmania sp. (ITS1),  Trypanosoma sp. (SSU rRNA), and  Bartonella sp. (gltA). Tese primer sets were chosen because of their high sensitivity and specificity, as well as their suitability for phylogenetic analysis. Conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out using primers LeF (5 ′ - TCCGCCCGAAAGTTCACCGATA-3 ′) and LeR (5 ′ - CCAAGTCATCCATCGCGACACG-3 ′) that targeted the ITS1 region of the ribosomal RNA gene for the detection of  Leishmania [43]. PCR reagents and amplification conditions were described by Sunantaraporn et al. [24]. For  Trypanosoma detection, PCR amplification of the  Trypanosoma sp. SSU rRNA gene was performed using primers TRY927F (5 ′ -GAAACAAGAAACACGGGA G-3 ′) and TRY927R (5 ′ -CTACTGGGCAGCTTGGA- 3 ′) [44]. Te PCR reaction and amplification were performed in accordance with those of Srisuton et al. [17]. Te estimated product size for  Leishmania and  Trypanosoma was approximately 379 and 900 bp, respectively. Te amplified products were separated on a 1.5% (W/V) agarose gel electrophoresis. Te expected products were imaged with Quantity One Quantification Analysis Software Version 4.5.2 (Gel DocEQ System; Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA), after staining with ethidium bromide. </p>
            <p> Te presence of  Bartonella DNA in sand flies was tested in all DNA samples targeting the citrate synthase (gltA) gene, using the primers BhCS871p (5 ′ -GGGGAC CAGCTCATGGTGG-3 ′) and BhCS1137n (5 ′ -AAT GCAAAAAGAACAGTAAACA-3 ′) [45]. Conventional PCR was performed following the methods previously described by Promrangsee et al. [32]. Te presence of an expected band of 379 bp was determined by 1.5% (W/V) agarose gel electrophoresis. </p>
            <p> DNA extracted from  L. martiniquensis promastigotes,  Trypanosoma evansi DNA from blood-infected dogs, and  Bartonella sp. detected from cattle lice DNA were used as positive controls and deionized distilled water was used as a negative control. </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A66D87F5FFF7FF90FF49FBB25E5F1EC7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sunantaraporn, Sakone;Somwang, Puckavadee;Khositharattanakool, Pathamet;Unchanam, Isaraporn;Saenchaiban, Nattiya;Wongkhut, Wilai;Sanum, Pinpinat;Pataradool, Thanapat;Boonserm, Rungfar;Depaquit, Jérôme;Siriyasatien, Padet	Sunantaraporn, Sakone, Somwang, Puckavadee, Khositharattanakool, Pathamet, Unchanam, Isaraporn, Saenchaiban, Nattiya, Wongkhut, Wilai, Sanum, Pinpinat, Pataradool, Thanapat, Boonserm, Rungfar, Depaquit, Jérôme, Siriyasatien, Padet (2024): Cave-dwelling phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) in Thailand: population composition and pathogen detection of Bartonella and TrypanoSoma. Parasites & Vectors (523) 17 (1): 1-19, DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06616-8, URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-024-06616-8
A66D87F5FFF2FF94FCF3F8B25E341D47.text	A66D87F5FFF2FF94FCF3F8B25E341D47.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leishmania	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Detection of  Leishmania and  Trypanosoma DNA in sand flies </p>
            <p>A total of 557 female sand flies were tested for</p>
            <p> Leishmania and  Trypanosoma DNA on the basis of ITS1 and SSU rRNA amplifications, respectively. Te present study demonstrates that the TRY927F and TRY927R primer sets, targeted for the SSU rRNA gene, were able to successfully amplify all positive  Trypanosoma DNA. Of these, 11 (1.97%) samples for  Trypanosoma DNA , 7  Trypanosoma positives belonged to  Ph. mascomai from Lampang, and 2  Trypanosoma positives were detected in Se.  anodontis from Chiang Rai (Table 1). BLASTn analysis demonstrated a  Trypanosoma SSU rRNA sequence length of approximately 937 bp in eight samples (PT82-10, PT84-62, PT96-49, PT132-17, PT144-69, PT154-73, PT158-28, and CR110- 13), showing the ranged 99.89–100% sequence similarities with  T. noyesi (accession number OP022194) that is available in the GenBank database. Furthermore, sample CR102-12 was consistent with the 930 bp length of  Trypanosoma SSU rRNA sequence, the BLASTn result demonstrated a 99.89% similarity with  Trypanosoma sp. (accession number MH989552), which was detected in sand flies from southern Tailand. From the detection of  Trypanosoma in Songkhla, two samples (SK4- 23 and SD33-33) were positively detected in Se.  khawi . Te result demonstrated that the SSU rRNA sequences were approximately 974 bp and 931 bp in length, sharing 99.74% (accession number MH989543) and 100% (accession number MH989552) identities for SK4-23 and SD33-33, with unidentified  Trypanosoma found in previously reported sand flies in the Songkhla province of southern Tailand. </p>
            <p> Te maximum likelihood tree demonstrated that eight positive  Trypanosoma were genetically classified to  T. noyesi of the  T. cruzi clade, which was detected in the sand flies from Tailand, as previously recorded in the GenBank database. Moreover, two positive  Trypanosoma sp. (CR102-12 from Chiang Rai and SD33-33 from Songkhla) were distinctively classified into the An01 + An02/ Frog2 lineage, while a positive  Trypanosoma in Songkhla (SK4-23) was genetically clustered into the An04/ Frog1 lineage of the anuran clades (Supplementary 3: Fig. S2). Using ITS1 -PCR,  Leishmania DNA was not detected in all sand flies tested in the present study. Te  Trypanosoma SSU rRNA sequences were assigned to the GenBank database with following accession numbers: OP861666-OP861676. </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A66D87F5FFF2FF94FCF3F8B25E341D47	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sunantaraporn, Sakone;Somwang, Puckavadee;Khositharattanakool, Pathamet;Unchanam, Isaraporn;Saenchaiban, Nattiya;Wongkhut, Wilai;Sanum, Pinpinat;Pataradool, Thanapat;Boonserm, Rungfar;Depaquit, Jérôme;Siriyasatien, Padet	Sunantaraporn, Sakone, Somwang, Puckavadee, Khositharattanakool, Pathamet, Unchanam, Isaraporn, Saenchaiban, Nattiya, Wongkhut, Wilai, Sanum, Pinpinat, Pataradool, Thanapat, Boonserm, Rungfar, Depaquit, Jérôme, Siriyasatien, Padet (2024): Cave-dwelling phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) in Thailand: population composition and pathogen detection of Bartonella and TrypanoSoma. Parasites & Vectors (523) 17 (1): 1-19, DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06616-8, URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-024-06616-8
A66D87F5FFF3FF94FCF3FED35EE01FA7.text	A66D87F5FFF3FF94FCF3FED35EE01FA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bartonella DNA	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Detection of  Bartonella DNA in sand flies </p>
            <p> All female sand flies were tested for  Bartonella DNA by PCR on the basis of the gltA gene. Te results showed that 16 (2.87%) samples tested positive for  Bartonella DNA (Table 1). Of these, 13 samples were detected in Se.  anodontis (12 samples) and Se.  barraudi s.l. (1 sample) collected from Chiang Rai. Additionally, two samples of Se.  anodontis (PT27-1 and PT250-17) infected with  Bartonella sp. were trapped in Lampang while only one sample (SD39-8) was positive for  Bartonella sp. in Se.  khawi collected from Songkhla (Table 1). On the basis of BLASTn analysis, the gltA sequences of all samples were close to  Bartonella sp. (accession number KP100345) in the GenBank database with a range of 97.08–98.67% identities. ML tree analysis demonstrated the presence of a new  Bartonella sp. that was closely related to  Bartonella sp. isolated from bats as previously reported in Vietnam and Tailand (Supplementary 4: Fig. S3). Te gltA sequences were deposited in GenBank under the accession numbers OP903128-OP903143. </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A66D87F5FFF3FF94FCF3FED35EE01FA7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sunantaraporn, Sakone;Somwang, Puckavadee;Khositharattanakool, Pathamet;Unchanam, Isaraporn;Saenchaiban, Nattiya;Wongkhut, Wilai;Sanum, Pinpinat;Pataradool, Thanapat;Boonserm, Rungfar;Depaquit, Jérôme;Siriyasatien, Padet	Sunantaraporn, Sakone, Somwang, Puckavadee, Khositharattanakool, Pathamet, Unchanam, Isaraporn, Saenchaiban, Nattiya, Wongkhut, Wilai, Sanum, Pinpinat, Pataradool, Thanapat, Boonserm, Rungfar, Depaquit, Jérôme, Siriyasatien, Padet (2024): Cave-dwelling phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) in Thailand: population composition and pathogen detection of Bartonella and TrypanoSoma. Parasites & Vectors (523) 17 (1): 1-19, DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06616-8, URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-024-06616-8
