identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
82E3CEC23D1758FBBCAFCFAAE4247229.text	82E3CEC23D1758FBBCAFCFAAE4247229.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Balconorbis coronae (Hershler 1987) Perez & Saenz & Guerrero & Gonzalez & Guerrero & Diaz & Hutchins & Schwartz 2025	<div><p>Balconorbis coronae (Hershler, 1987) comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 4 F, 5 I</p><p>Phreatodrobia coronae Hershler, 1987, pp. 133–139 .</p><p>Phreatodrobia coronae Alvear et al., 2020, pp. 7, fig. 6.</p><p>Types.</p><p>Holotype USNM 859219.</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>USA, Texas, Val Verde County, unnamed spring (now named Indian Springs Canyon Springs) on E side of Devils River in canyon (named Indian Springs Canyon) just downflow from Slaughter Bend, Devils River.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>All sites are in   Texas, USA. Val Verde County • Lake Amistad National Recreation Area, Indian Springs Canyon Springs, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-100.91765&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.6582" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -100.91765/lat 29.6582)">Devils River</a>, drift net sample, collected by K. E. Perez, C. Ortega, R. Chastain (29.6582, - 100.91765), 8 December 2020, (ABC -000886)  .</p><p>Additional material examined.</p><p>–   Val Verde County • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-100.9275&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.66383" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -100.9275/lat 29.66383)">Indian Springs</a> (29.66383, - 100.9275), 6 December 2020, K. E. Perez, C. Ortega, R. Chastain, (ABC -000881) ; • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-100.88388&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.36887" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -100.88388/lat 29.36887)">San Felipe Creek</a>, drift net sample, (29.36887, - 100.88388), 6 December 2020, B. Schwartz (USNM 1571292) ; •   Blue Hole, Finegan Springs, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-100.99456&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.8938" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -100.99456/lat 29.8938)">Devils River</a> (29.8938, - 100.99456), B. Schwartz (USNM 1571290) ; •   Finegan Springs, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-100.998474&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.900707" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -100.998474/lat 29.900707)">Devils River</a>, (29.900708, - 100.998476), (USNM 1571291) ; • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-100.98122&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.896318" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -100.98122/lat 29.896318)">Snake Spring</a> (29.896319, - 100.981214), B. Schwartz (ABC -000915) ; • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-100.92647&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.6402" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -100.92647/lat 29.6402)">Boiling Trough Spring</a> (29.6402, - 100.92647), J. Gordon, M. Turner, R. Hoffman (ABC -000917 ; •   Finegan 105, (29.9048, - 101.01111381), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-101.011116&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.9048" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -101.011116/lat 29.9048)">Devils River</a>, Pete Diaz, (ABC -000922) ; • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-100.99453&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.893871" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -100.99453/lat 29.893871)">Blue Hole</a>, (29.893872, - 100.99453), 19 March 2013, Randy Gibson, (ABC -000923)  .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Shell minute, transparent and colorless. Near-planispiral to depressed-trochoid. Deeply impressed sutures. First whorl of protoconch uncoiled to a horn-like apex, sculptured with wrinkled pits. Teleoconch sculpture with strong raised spiral lines near protoconch, and later with both raised spiral and longitudinal lines. On some specimens, collabral ribs (costae) are strongly defined while absent or very faint in others. If present, ribs start on the penultimate whorl and increase in size towards the body aperture. Widely open umbilicus, aperture circular to ovate depending on overall shell shape (planispiral to trochoid). Peristome flared all around and tilted adapically.</p><p>Taxonomic remarks.</p><p>Phreatodrobia coronae was assigned to  Phreatodrobia based on a similar shell outline to  P. micra (Pilsbry &amp; Ferriss, 1906) and  P. nugax (Pilsbry &amp; Ferriss, 1906) (depressed to sub-trochoid), however, both mitochondrial and nuclear data consistently place  P. coronae outside  Phreatodrobia, with strong support.  Phreatodrobia coronae displays dimorphism in several features, an aspect not common among  Phreatodrobia, and has a distinctive, uncoiled protoconch, also not found among other  Phreatodrobia species. We have considered whether this species should be reassigned to  Balconorbis based on the DNA sequence relationship. This relationship is weak, and different genes and analysis parameters affect the placement of both  Balconorbis uvaldensis and  Phreatodrobia coronae . These two genes are insufficient to fully resolve the backbone of the tree of the  Cochliopidae . The average divergence in COI between  Balconorbis uvaldensis and  P. coronae was 18.5 %, slightly above the average divergence among genera overall (17.2 %) and the 3 rd position of the COI locus was saturated at this level, making the relationship in the LSU phylogeny more reliable. The LSU phylogeny places  P. coronae with  Balconorbis, but this is far from certain.</p><p>In the ETAS and nearby aquifers, there are members of the cochliopid fauna with depressed or subtrochoid shells that are also known only from shell or shell + anatomical descriptions and not represented in our phylogeny (e. g.,  Coahuilix and  Phreatomascogos). We compare some key features of these species in Table 2.  Coahuilix is diagnosed by raised riblets on the teleoconch, a flared aperture, and a flat, incised spire. In contrast,  B. coronae lack all these features.  Phreatomascogos has prominent keels, an unraised spire, a campanulate operculum, and a relatively closed umbilicus. In contrast,  B. coronae is unkeeled, has a raised spire, a round operculum, and an umbilicus that is the width of several whorls.</p><p>Although our evidence is inconclusive about whether  P. coronae is a member of  Balconorbis or a new genus, it seems more conservative to move the species to  Balconorbis rather than erecting a new genus at this time. Lacking strong support in the phylogeny and DNA sequences of  Balconorbis sabinasensis and other Mexican taxa, the affinity of this species is not fully resolved. It is clear though that it is not a member of  Phreatodrobia . We propose the new combination  Balconorbis coronae comb. nov. with the understanding that the inclusion of more resolved DNA data and more thorough sampling of the region, especially in Mexico, will likely shed additional light on these relationships in the future.</p><p>Ecology and habitat.</p><p>Habitat and associated fauna for  Balconorbis coronae localities is similar to  Texapyrgus diaboli, as they are found in many of the same springs in the Devils River watershed.  Balconorbis coronae was collected from spring drift net samples with water chemistry values ranging from 15.06–23.28 ° C, pH 6.49–7.4, conductivity of 366.3–608.8 μS / cm, and dissolved oxygen of 4.33–8.47 mg / L.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/82E3CEC23D1758FBBCAFCFAAE4247229	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Perez, Kathryn E.;Saenz, Vanessa;Guerrero, Yamileth;Gonzalez, Lisa;Guerrero, Evan;Diaz, Pete;Hutchins, Benjamin T.;Schwartz, Benjamin F.	Perez, Kathryn E., Saenz, Vanessa, Guerrero, Yamileth, Gonzalez, Lisa, Guerrero, Evan, Diaz, Pete, Hutchins, Benjamin T., Schwartz, Benjamin F. (2025): New and revised groundwater snails (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda, Cochliopidae) from karst and associated hyporheic habitats in western Texas and northern Mexico. Subterranean Biology 50: 119-151, DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.50.138174
5F464CECFDB158B9AB5AADEE1ADAC910.text	5F464CECFDB158B9AB5AADEE1ADAC910.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phreatodrobia embossa Perez 2025	<div><p>Phreatodrobia embossa Perez, 2025 sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 5 D, H, 6 C, 7 C</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Shell minute, glassy, clear, ovately conic. Elevated protoconch and teleoconch with regular rows of spirally arranged nodules. Broadly ovate aperture. Penis simple, tapering, with little muscular ridging.</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>USA, Texas, Terrell County, Caroline Springs hyporheic zone (30.46622, - 101.79429).</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype and Paratypes –   Terrell County • Caroline Springs near Sheffield, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-101.79429&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.46622" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -101.79429/lat 30.46622)">2 nd pool of raceway</a>, hyporheic sample, collected by K. E. Perez, H. Glover, P. Sprouse (30.46622, - 101.79429), 7 December 2020 (ANSP 506746, ANSP 506747)  .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Shell minute, clear, glassy, with regular rows of sculpture, ovately to globosely conic with rounded whorl outlines and impressed sutures (Figs 5 D &amp; H). First whorl of protoconch elevated, separated from the whorls that follow. Protoconch sculpture is a uniform network of raised wrinkles giving an irregular malleated appearance. Teleoconch sculpture is distinctive and includes regularly spaced (~ 10 µm apart), spirally arranged rows of raised nodules (Fig. 5 H) and transverse growth lines. Nodules resemble irregularly sized knots on a string. Aperture broadly ovate, usually appressed to body whorl at upper parietal corner. Outer margin of aperture straight, slightly thickened and reflected, stronger at apex and base. Outer lip straight, simple, slightly prosocline. Umbilicus deep and open. Average shell measurements for adults (n = 8): shell height = 1.07 mm (SD = 0.09), shell width = 0.80 mm (SD = 0.08), aperture height = 0.53 mm (SD = 0.06), aperture width = 0.44 mm (SD = 0.04), number of whorls = 4.75 (SD = 0.38). Operculum clear, thin, pliable. Shape ellipsoidal, nucleus submarginal, strongly convex. Growth lines not distinct or frilled. Muscle attachment scar oval, nuclear area with raised thickening inside.</p><p>Tissue unpigmented, tentacles longer than snout, unpigmented, no visible eyes, snout short, deeply lobate, foot short with no lateral wings. Ctenidium across pallial roof, ~ 10 elongate, low-triangular lobes, filling 50 % of pallial roof. Osphradium large, ovate, near posterior end of the ctenidium. Intestine winds in U shape through pallial cavity, filled with small round fecal pellets, rectum ends near edge of the mantle. Esophagus muscular, enters stomach below, smaller anterior chamber and larger posterior chamber. Penis small, attached above right tentacle, lightly furrowed along narrow, muscular base, narrowing to a short neck about half the width of the base before widening to a lobe on the distal 1 / 3, followed by a tapering tip. Female reproductive anatomy and radula not described due to a lack of material.</p><p>Taxonomic remarks.</p><p>Phreatodrobia embossa is placed sister to  Phreatodrobia in the phylogenetic analyses of both genes with strong support, and in a clade with  Phreatodrobia and  Antrorbis with weak support in the COI - only analysis. We were not able to obtain LSU sequence data for  Phreatodrobia embossa . In COI,  Phreatodrobia embossa has an average p-distance of 17.5 % from  Phreatodrobia . The sculpture is distinctive among the  Cochliopidae, and the genetic distance is close to what we would expect for genera in the family (which averaged 17.2 %).  Phreatodrobia embossa shares aspects of penial morphology with other  Phreatodrobia and  Phreatoceras species with a simple, slender penis tapering at the distal end, but with less muscular ribbing and no coiling. We chose to include  Phreatodrobia embossa in  Phreatodrobia to reflect the relatively close phylogenetic relationship with members of that genus, though we acknowledge that further understanding of the relationships among  Cochliopidae might result in reassignment in the future.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The name  “ embossa ” refers to the teleoconch sculpture pattern similar to embossed designs on leather or paper.</p><p>Ecology and habitat.</p><p>Caroline Springs (previously T 5 springs), located at The Nature Conservancy’s Independence Creek Preserve, has a discharge of 189–315 L / s (TNC website), emanating from the early Cretaceous Edwards Limestone (Barnes et al. 1992; Brune 2002; Brown 2003). The spring run at Caroline springs is heavily modified and impounded. There are several elongate pools forming a raceway immediately downstream from the large main spring pool.  Phreatodrobia embossa was found in hyporheic samples taken from gravels in the 2 nd pool of the raceway. This pool is the site discussed and figured as the type locality of  Tryonia oasiensis Hershler, Liu, Landye, 2011 . Water chemistry values were as follows: temperature = 15.5 ° C, pH = 9.52, conductivity = 863.6 μS / cm, and dissolved oxygen = 8.26 mg / L. Species found in the sample with  Phreatodrobia embossa included Turbellaria and freshwater Annelida. Other molluscs included  Physidae,  Cochliopina riograndensis and  Ferrissia sp. Other hyporheic samples taken at the same site included ostracods,  Gammarus seideli Cannizzaro, Walters, Berg, 2017,  Hyalella sp.,  Seborgia hershleri Holsinger, 1992, and  Lirceolus sp. We did not encounter  Phreatodrobia embossa from numerous drift net samples which were taken at the springs.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F464CECFDB158B9AB5AADEE1ADAC910	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Perez, Kathryn E.;Saenz, Vanessa;Guerrero, Yamileth;Gonzalez, Lisa;Guerrero, Evan;Diaz, Pete;Hutchins, Benjamin T.;Schwartz, Benjamin F.	Perez, Kathryn E., Saenz, Vanessa, Guerrero, Yamileth, Gonzalez, Lisa, Guerrero, Evan, Diaz, Pete, Hutchins, Benjamin T., Schwartz, Benjamin F. (2025): New and revised groundwater snails (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda, Cochliopidae) from karst and associated hyporheic habitats in western Texas and northern Mexico. Subterranean Biology 50: 119-151, DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.50.138174
E2875DDCA0C65E8BA16E2F22318671AB.text	E2875DDCA0C65E8BA16E2F22318671AB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stygopyrgus gracilis Perez, Saenz & Gonzalez 2025	<div><p>Stygopyrgus gracilis Perez, Saenz &amp; Gonzalez, 2025 sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 4 C, 5 B, F, 6 B, 7 B</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Shell minute, elongate, turriform, nearly smooth on both protoconch and teleoconch with few fine spiral lines and longitudinal growth lines. Penis slender with single, blunt, elongate papillae on inner curve near mid-length and sharply tapering distal end.</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>USA, Texas, Presidio County, Big Bend Ranch State Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-102.6075&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.74829" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -102.6075/lat 29.74829)">Fresno Creek, hyporheic zone</a> (29.74829, - 102.6075)  .</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype and Paratypes –   USA, Texas, Presidio County • Big Bend Ranch State Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-103.84596&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.30064" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -103.84596/lat 29.30064)">Fresno Creek</a>, hyporheic sample, collected by K. E. Perez, A. Cottrell, L. Pustka, (29.30064, - 103.84596), 5 October 2021 (ANSP 506744, ANSP 506745)  .</p><p>Additional material examined.</p><p>–   USA, Texas, Presidio County • Big Bend Ranch State Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-103.84596&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.30064" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -103.84596/lat 29.30064)">Fresno Creek</a>, hyporheic sample, collected by K. E. Perez, B. Schwartz, B. Hutchins (29.30064, - 103.84596), 10 December 2021 (ABC -000919)  .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Shell minute, transparent, thin, nearly smooth, turriform, lightly sculptured. Spire finely tapering. Sutures deeply incised, growing deeper towards the body whorl, until aperture is separated from body whorl. Fine transverse lines along occasional whorls of teleoconch. Fine collabral growth lines at regular intervals on last two whorls. Sutures contain irregular indentations increasing in quantity approaching apex. Body whorl and aperture separated from previous whorl in adults. First whorl of protoconch elevated. Aperture ovate, lip thin, slightly reflected at base of aperture in adults, and not thickened. Aperture tilted forward. Umbilicus a wide slit due to separation of aperture from body whorl. Average shell measurements for adults (n = 8): shell height = 1.32 mm (SD = 0.14), shell width = 0.52 mm (SD = 0.06), aperture height = 0.38 mm (SD = 0.04), aperture width = 0.30 mm (SD = 0.03), number of whorls = 5.34 (SD = 0.55).</p><p>Body unpigmented, snout rounded, slightly tapered, with rounded distal lobes. Tentacles short, squat, tapered with no eyes or eye patches visible. Foot short, anterior portion rounded, without lateral wings. Ctenidium, when present, a series of 10 + triangular lobes found through the pallial roof, not present in some individuals. Intestine curves in “ s ” shape through pallial cavity, with rectum ending near edge of mantle. Intestine lined with short oval fecal pellets. Operculum extremely thin, lightly pigmented amber, nucleus submarginal, edge rounded, distinct muscle attachment scar. No apparent thickened or raised portion on inner surface. Penis very long, thin, and tapering, hooked at the distal end in preserved specimens. Proximal half of the penis length with shallow folds, one papilla present about 2 / 3 of way towards distal end. Female reproductive anatomy not described due to a lack of female specimens.</p><p>Central radula tooth trapezoidal. Central cusp of central radular tooth oval with rounded edge (Fig. 7 D); lateral cusps 5–6 on each side; central cusp about 1 / 3 longer than adjacent cusps with elongate oval shape, lateral cusps become less rounded and more pointed distally, tapering at the end. Single pair of basal cusps conical, pointed, singular basal cusps pointed, with small buttress. Basal tongue broadly v-shaped. Face of lateral tooth rectangular, narrowing upon reaching the outer wing; outer wing tapering; central cusp slightly longer than lateral cusps, 6–7 cusps outer and 5 cusps inner direction, decreasing in size distally. Inner marginal teeth with broad outer wing, no basal notch, 22–23 cusps visible, similar in length, inner cusps slightly longer, middle cusps slightly wider at base, last 2–3 cusps shorter than the rest. Outer marginal teeth broad and curved at end, cusps 9–11. Middle cusps longer, fingerlike (Fig. 7 E, F).</p><p>Taxonomic remarks.</p><p>Both mitochondrial and nuclear gene phylogenies place this new species near  Stygopyrgus bartonensis (9.6 % p-distance) and with 10.1 % p-distance from  Stygopyrgus variabilis . However, the branch support is only moderate for placement in  Stygopyrgus . In addition, these species share a minute shell, elongately conic shell outline, and teleoconch sculpture including raised spiral lines and collabral growth lines. These sculptural features are greatly reduced in  Stygopyrgus gracilis .  Stygopyrgus gracilis share aspects of penial morphology with  S. bartonensis with a slender penis tapering but with a single instead of two papillae and a more elongate and sharply tapering distal end. This combination of DNA and morphological features seems to situate this species squarely in the genus  Stygopyrgus but is sufficiently distinctive to merit species status.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The name  “ gracilis ” was chosen to reflect the elongate, slender form of the shell.</p><p>Ecology and habitat.</p><p>Fresno Creek watershed contains a mostly dry gravelly desert stream channel with intermittent reaches of permanent water, flowing southward through Fresno Canyon on the west side of the Solitario in Big Bend Ranch State Park (Rush 1960). Fresno Creek joins the Rio Grande / Rio Bravo ~ 2.3 km below the type locality. Upstream reaches of Fresno Creek receive small amounts of water from springs in the Chorro Canyon tributary, where water emerges from volcanic rock layers. The eastern side of the basin contains extensive, karstified limestones of the Solitario and Terlingua monocline. Small springs along Fresno Creek itself, and groundwater underflow discharging into the extensive gravels forming the creek bed, also contribute to flows.  Stygopyrgus gracilis was found in hyporheic samples collected from gravel deposits in a short perennial reach where a bedrock exposure in the streambed forces subsurface flows in upstream gravels to reach the surface. Water chemistry values averaging 24.89 ° C, pH 7.95, conductivity of 1071 μS / cm, and dissolved oxygen of 5.37 mg / L.</p><p>Fresno Creek fauna included nematodes, freshwater mites, freshwater Annelida, and crustaceans (ostracods, cyclopoid and harpaticoid copepods). Insects included  Dytiscidae and  Dryopidae .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E2875DDCA0C65E8BA16E2F22318671AB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Perez, Kathryn E.;Saenz, Vanessa;Guerrero, Yamileth;Gonzalez, Lisa;Guerrero, Evan;Diaz, Pete;Hutchins, Benjamin T.;Schwartz, Benjamin F.	Perez, Kathryn E., Saenz, Vanessa, Guerrero, Yamileth, Gonzalez, Lisa, Guerrero, Evan, Diaz, Pete, Hutchins, Benjamin T., Schwartz, Benjamin F. (2025): New and revised groundwater snails (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda, Cochliopidae) from karst and associated hyporheic habitats in western Texas and northern Mexico. Subterranean Biology 50: 119-151, DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.50.138174
63597E15A27B594AA418A2E3E7CCC1EE.text	63597E15A27B594AA418A2E3E7CCC1EE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stygopyrgus variabilis Perez & Saenz 2025	<div><p>Stygopyrgus variabilis Perez &amp; Saenz, 2025 sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 4 A, B, 5 A, E, 6 A, 7 A – C</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>USA, Texas, Brewster County, Lower Canyons of the Rio Grande, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-102.57352&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.76829" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -102.57352/lat 29.76829)">hyporheic zone of Rio Grande below Las Palmas Spring # 5</a>, (29.76829, - 102.57352, WGS 84)  .</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>All sites are in Texas, USA. Holotype and Paratypes –   Brewster County • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-102.57352&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.76829" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -102.57352/lat 29.76829)">Las Palmas Spring # 5</a>, drift net sample, collected by B. Schwartz, K. E. Perez, R. Winton, B. Hutchins, A. Cottrell, A. Sovie, A. Cressler, and B. Tobin, (29.76829, - 102.57352), 22 April 2022, (ANSP 506748, ANSP 506749, ABC -000901)  .</p><p>Additional material examined.</p><p>– All sites are in Texas, USA. All sample collection through the joint effort of: B. Schwartz, K. E. Perez, R. Winton, B. Hutchins, A. Cottrell, A. Sovie, A. Cressler, and B. Tobin.   Brewster County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-102.57088&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.77079" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -102.57088/lat 29.77079)">Beaver Spring</a>, drift net sample (29.77079, - 102.57088) 22 April 2022 (ABC -000898) ; • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-102.6075&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.74829" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -102.6075/lat 29.74829)">Las Palmas Spring # 1</a>, hyporheic sample (29.74829, - 102.6075), 19 April 2022, (USNM) ; • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-102.54075&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.74846" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -102.54075/lat 29.74846)">Son of Hot Springs</a>, drift net sample (29.74846, - 102.54075), 21 April 2022, (ABC -000900) ; • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-102.57348&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.76233" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -102.57348/lat 29.76233)">Las Yeguas Spring</a>, drift net sample (29.76233, - 102.57348), 22 April 2022, (ABC -000903) ; • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-102.56351&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.76833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -102.56351/lat 29.76833)">Asa Jones Spring Complex</a>, hyporheic sample (29.76833, - 102.56351), 20 April 2022, (ABC -000902) ; • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-102.57192&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.76916" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -102.57192/lat 29.76916)">Rio Grande below Las Palmas 5 and Las Yeguas Rapid</a>, hyporheic sample (29.76916, - 102.57192), 20 April 2022, (ABC -000904) ; • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-102.57198&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.76884" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -102.57198/lat 29.76884)">Unnamed spring, downstream of Las Palmas 5</a>, drift net sample (29.76884, - 102.57198), 22 April 2022, (ABC -000905) ; • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-102.56244&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.76719" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -102.56244/lat 29.76719)">Spigot Spring</a>, drift net sample (29.76719, - 102.56244), 23 April 2022, (ABC -000906) ; • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-102.54345&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.74693" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -102.54345/lat 29.74693)">Las Palmas 10 Spring</a>, drift net sample (29.74693, - 102.54345), 23 April 2022, (ABC -000899)  .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Minute shell, some individuals with prominent keeled appearance, with distinctive spiral and longitudinal lirae sculpture on teleoconch that extends to the sutures.  Stygopyrgus variabilis differs from related species in the region by shell shape, and sculpture. Some populations (e. g. Son of Hot Springs, Rio Grande River, Brewster County) have a shorter, more ovate, and less heavily sculptured shell with fewer keeled individuals. A closely related species,  Stygopyrgus gracilis sp. nov., has a turriform shape with transverse growth lines and faint spiral raised lines that are not present in  Stygopyrgus variabilis .  Stygopyrgus bartonensis has similar sculpture that is finer, without keels, and with spiral and longitudinal striations rather than lirae. Penis of  Stygopyrgus variabilis lacks the papillae or apocrine glands of other  Stygopyrgus and  Texapyrgus species. Cusps of central radula tooth more sharply pointed than other  Stygopyrgus species.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Shell minute, translucent to opaque, heavily sculptured, elongate ovate-conic with 1–3 prominent keel outlines per whorl on some individuals, some individuals with only a single weak keel most prominent on the body whorl or none (Fig. 4 A, B, Suppl. material 1: fig. 1 J – R). First whorl of protoconch is elevated, separated from subsequent whorls (Fig. 5 A). Protoconch surface heavily sculptured by punctum that form irregularly shaped pits or wrinkles. Teleoconch sculpture includes irregularly spaced raised lateral lirae and more elevated longitudinal lirae dissected by prominent spiral keels. Aperture ovate, slightly pulled away from body whorl, only lightly touching body whorl at parietal corner. Lip reflected on basal and umbilical portions in larger individuals. Outer lip straight, simple, umbilicus open but partially obscured by reflected lip. Keels (when present) extend to the edge of the outer apertural lip. Operculum ovate, extremely thin, translucent, light brown with darker brown region at nucleus, submarginal nucleus, distinct oval muscle attachment, slightly raised on inner surface. Average shell measurements for adults (n = 20) from Las Palmas Springs 1 &amp; 5 and Beaver Springs: shell height = 1.35 mm (SD = 0.08), shell width = 0.68 mm (SD = 0.04), aperture height = 0.45 mm (SD = 0.03), aperture width = 0.40 mm (SD = 0.03), number of whorls = 4.75 (SD = 0.20).</p><p>Body unpigmented. Snout nontapered, slight distal lobation. Foot short, rounded, without lateral wings. Cephalic tentacle tapered, rounded, unpigmented, no visible cilia. Mantle tissue unpigmented. No visible eyes or pigmented patches at base of eyestalks. Ctenidium with about 12–15 triangular lobes. Rectum ends near edge of mantle on right side of head, intestine straight and uncoiled with elongate oval fecal pellets. Esophagus enters stomach below, stomach speckled with scattered dark flecks of pigment. Penis large, tapering, attached behind right eye, with expanded base and irregularly ridged along the proximal 2 / 3, narrows before the “ arrowhead ” like terminal portion. The tip tapers with two rounded lobes near the distal end. No apocrine glands or papillae observed. In preserved specimen, penis has distinct curve forming a “ fish-hook ” shape.</p><p>Central radular tooth trapezoidal with rounded dorsal edge (Fig. 7 A) deeply curved; lateral margin thickened, lateral cusps 4–5 on each side; central cusp about 1 / 3 longer than adjacent cusps but similar in shape with an elongate oval shape, tapering at the end and at the base, one pair of basal cusps pointed, with small buttress, broadly conical, not needle-like, basal tongue v-shaped, medium deep basal socket. Face of lateral tooth rectangular, tooth curved, narrowing upon reaching the outer wing; outer wing tapering; central cusp slightly longer than lateral cusps, 5–6 cusps outer and 4–5 cusps inner direction, decreasing in size distally (Fig. 7 B). Inner marginal teeth with broad outer wing, 23–24 cusps visible, longer in length toward the central cusps, outermost cusps shorter, pointed, wide at base, cutting edge extends less than 25 % of the length of the tooth, lateral wing present. Outer marginal teeth broad and slightly curved at end, with 9–11 cusps. Cusps along inner edge longer; tooth face tapering to outer wing (Fig. 7 B, C).</p><p>Taxonomic remarks.</p><p>Both mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenies place this new species close to  Stygopyrgus bartonensis with 11.1 % p-distance and with 10.1 % p-distance from  Stygopyrgus gracilis . However, the branch support is only moderate for placement in  Stygopyrgus . In addition, these species share a minute, elongately conic shell outline, pitted or malleated protoconch sculpture, and teleoconch sculpture including regular, raised spiral lines and collabral growth lines. These sculptural features are larger and more pronounced in  Stygopyrgus variabilis .  Stygopyrgus variabilis share aspects of penial morphology with  S. bartonensis with a relatively slender penis tapering with a muscular base but lacks papillae. This combination of DNA and morphological features seems to situate this species squarely in the genus  Stygopyrgus, but sufficiently merit species status. Beaver Spring specimens were 100 % keeled individuals, with both male and female individuals keeled. Other populations such as the type locality, Rio Grande at Las Palmas Spring 1, ~ 5 % are unkeeled, 20 % have one keel on the lower whorls only.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The name  variabilis was chosen to reflect the highly variable nature of shell sculpture of this species from heavily keeled to nearly smooth.</p><p>Ecology and habitat.</p><p>The Lower Canyons Reach of the Rio Grande Wild and Scenic River is a remote section of the Rio Grande / Rio Bravo del Norte that forms the international border between the US and Mexico. This section of the Rio Grande is downstream from Big Bend National Park in a region of deep canyons through Chihuahuan Desert habitat, accessible only by multiple-day canoe excursion. Flow in the river includes some minor input from upstream, depending on the season, but is mostly maintained by groundwater input from numerous karst springs (some are thermal) discharging from the Edwards-Trinity Aquifer System (Smith Trevizo 2004; Brauch 2012). The Las Palmas spring group discharges from the Glen Rose and Del Carmen Formations (Brauch 2012) between river miles 739.6–735.8.  Stygopyrgus variabilis was found in springs or hyporheic samples with water chemistry values ranging from: 25.79–32.26 ° C, pH from 7.22–8.78, conductivity from 471.7–986.6 μS / cm, and dissolved oxygen from 3.7–10.8 mg / L.</p><p>The springs and hyporheic zone of the Lower Canyons of the Rio Grande are a region of high invertebrate diversity, including both spring-associated and groundwater-associated (stygobiotic) taxa. Species found with  Stygopyrgus variabilis included nematodes and freshwater annelida, crustaceans including ostracods, cyclopoid and harpaticoid copepods,  Texanobathynella sp. ( Parabathynellidae), Ingolfiellida, the amphipods  Paraholsingerius sp.,  Paramexiweckelia sp.,  Parabogidiella sp.,  Simplexia sp., and  Seborgia sp., the isopods  Speocirolana hardeni,  Texicerberus amistad,  Texicerberus schotteae,  Thermosphaeroma subequalum, and  Tethysbaena texana ( Thermosbaenacea). Apart from  Thermosphaeroma subequalum (associated with thermal freshwater springs) and the ostracods and copepods of unknown ecology, the crustaceans present are considered stygobionts. Other molluscs present included  Physidae and  Sphaeridae .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/63597E15A27B594AA418A2E3E7CCC1EE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Perez, Kathryn E.;Saenz, Vanessa;Guerrero, Yamileth;Gonzalez, Lisa;Guerrero, Evan;Diaz, Pete;Hutchins, Benjamin T.;Schwartz, Benjamin F.	Perez, Kathryn E., Saenz, Vanessa, Guerrero, Yamileth, Gonzalez, Lisa, Guerrero, Evan, Diaz, Pete, Hutchins, Benjamin T., Schwartz, Benjamin F. (2025): New and revised groundwater snails (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda, Cochliopidae) from karst and associated hyporheic habitats in western Texas and northern Mexico. Subterranean Biology 50: 119-151, DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.50.138174
1A1A6EBD9EEC5871823E68F0B14A8958.text	1A1A6EBD9EEC5871823E68F0B14A8958.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Texapyrgus diaboli (Pilsbry & Ferris 1906) Perez & Saenz & Guerrero & Gonzalez & Guerrero & Diaz & Hutchins & Schwartz 2025	<div><p>Texapyrgus diaboli (Pilsbry &amp; Ferris, 1906) comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 4 D, E, 5 C, G</p><p>Paludestrina diaboli Pilsbry &amp; Ferris, 1906, pp. 170, fig. 36.</p><p>Texapyrgus longleyi Thompson &amp; Hershler, 1991, pp. 680–682 .</p><p>Tryonia diaboli, Diaz et al. 2020, pp. 18–24 .</p><p>Types.</p><p>Lectotype ANSP 91726.</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Spring on east side of Devil’s [sic] River in canyon just downflow from Slaughter bend (Indian Springs Canyon Springs), Amistad National Recreation Area, 32 km N of Del Rio, Val Verde County, TX, 29.6582, - 100.91765.</p><p>Additional material examined.</p><p>– All sites are in   Texas, USA. Val Verde County • Finegan 105, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-101.0111&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.9048" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -101.0111/lat 29.9048)">Devils River</a> (29.9048, - 101.0111), P. Diaz (ABC -000882) ; • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-100.9933&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.8858" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -100.9933/lat 29.8858)">Dolan Drift # 383</a> (29.8858, - 100.9933), 1 August 2016, P. Diaz (USNM 1571310) ; • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-100.88388&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.36887" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -100.88388/lat 29.36887)">San Felipe Creek</a>. SW 3 - HZ 1, (29.36887, - 100.88388), 6 December 2020, B. Schwartz (ABC -000879) ; •   Lake Amistad National Recreation Area, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-100.9275&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.66385" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -100.9275/lat 29.66385)">Slaughter Bend, small spring 25 m W of Indian Springs</a> (29.66385, - 100.9275), 12 / 6 / 2020, K. E. Perez, C. Ortega, R. Chastain (ABC -000878) ; •   Lake Amistad National Recreation Area: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-100.91765&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.6582" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -100.91765/lat 29.6582)">Indian Springs Canyon Springs</a> (29.6582, - 100.91765), K. E. Perez, C. Ortega, R. Chastain (no specimens remaining) ; • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-100.98122&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.896318" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -100.98122/lat 29.896318)">Snake Spring</a> (29.896319, - 100.981214), B. Schwartz (ABC -000883) ; •   Blue Hole, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-100.99456&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.8938" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -100.99456/lat 29.8938)">Finegan Springs, Devils River</a> (29.8938, - 100.99456), B. Schwartz (USNM 1571309) ; • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-100.95492&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.66349" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -100.95492/lat 29.66349)">Indian Springs</a> (29.66383, - 100.9275), 6 December 2020 , <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-100.95492&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.66349" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -100.95492/lat 29.66349)">Big Satan Canyon</a> (29.66349, - 100.95492), 8 December 2020, B. Schwartz (ABC -000876) ; • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-100.95452&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.6635" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -100.95452/lat 29.6635)">Big Satan Canyon Spring</a> (29.6635, - 100.95452), 8 December 2020, B. Schwartz (ABC -000880) ; • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-100.92647&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.6402" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -100.92647/lat 29.6402)">Boiling Trough Spring</a> (29.6402, - 100.92647), J. Gordon, M. Turner, R. Hoffman (ABC -000917)  .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Slender, elongate shell comprised of 4 ½ - 5 ½ convex whorls. Sutures deeply impressed. Average size of 1.6 mm in height, and 0.82 mm in diameter. Protoconch strongly wrinkled followed by variable teleoconch sculpture with some individuals smooth and others heavily striated. Aperture ovate, measuring an average of 0.50 mm in height, and 0.40 mm in width. Umbilicus small. Peristome thin, and slightly reflected in adults (Thompson and Hershler 1991).</p><p>Taxonomic remarks.</p><p>Tryonia diaboli (originally  Paludestrina diaboli) was described from drift debris of the Devils River, “ about four miles from its mouth ”, and from “ the Rio San Felipe near Del Rio ”, now called San Felipe Springs. The habitat was unknown, as the types were dry, bleached shells deposited by flowing water. This region has a rich freshwater fauna of both surface and aquifer snails; however, it was uncertain from which habitat this species originated.  Tryonia diaboli was described from shell anatomy, not internal morphology. The shell is described as small, 1.3 mm length, 0.62 mm diameter, very slender, and turrite (tower shaped), with 4.5 very convex whorls with deep sutures and a smooth surface (Pilsbry and Ferriss 1906). The description and illustration (Pilsbry and Ferriss 1906, pp. 170, fig. 36) depict a smooth shell. However, scanning electron microscope images of a lectotype (Fig. 4 D, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, ANSP 91726), which appears to be the shell illustrated in the original description, show a crosshatched pattern of longitudinal and spiral sculpture, similar to the sculpture of  Texapyrgus longleyi .</p><p>Texapyrgus longleyi Thompson &amp; Hershler, 1991 was collected from a spring on the Devils River just downstream from Slaughter Bend (USNM 860551). The species was collected using a net over a spring opening. That habitat and the small size and unpigmented body indicated that the species is subterranean. The shell of Te.  longleyi was 1.4–1.8 mm, thin and translucent with prominent spiral lines, crossed by strong longitudinal striae. The shell was described as having deep sutures, small umbilicus, aperture lip complete and touching body whorl at the top. The name includes the word “ pyrgus ” indicating the turrite or tower shape of the shell. The description of Te.  longleyi is more extensive but closely resembles in many features the description and type of  T. diaboli .</p><p>Due to the obscurity of the original description, it appears likely that Thompson and Hershler were unaware of  T. diaboli . They do not mention  T. diaboli, also from the Devils River, in their description of Te.  longleyi . The original description, and a mention in a list of the type specimens in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia are the only mention of  T. diaboli in the scientific literature for more than 100 years. To further support our supposition that Hershler was unaware of  T. diaboli, in a review of all species of  Tryonia of North America (Hershler 2001), Hershler does not mention  T. diaboli . The species was not mentioned again in the scientific literature until it was included in a list of North American freshwater snails (Johnson et al. 2013) and was reported in both above and below ground habitats in the Devils River (Diaz et al. 2020). Since the “ rediscovery ” of this species name, the generic assignment of  T. diaboli has not been assessed. Due to the close geographical proximity of their collection localities and close similarities of shell features, we questioned whether  T. diaboli and Te.  longleyi are distinct species. We conducted DNA sequencing of individuals with both “ morphological forms ” i. e. smooth vs highly sculptured. In addition, new sequences were included in an alignment with  Tryonia and species from across the  Cochliopidae to test the hypothesis that  T. diaboli is a member of  Tryonia or, if not, to determine the best generic placement.</p><p>We found that snails closely resembling the type material and descriptions of  T. diaboli from springs of the Devils River are not closely related to members of  Tryonia (Figs 2, 3), meriting reassignment to a different genus. Further we find that snails resembling the type material of  T. diaboli and Te.  longleyi from springs of the Devils River and San Felipe springs form a monophyletic group. The snails identified as each of these species, based on shell morphology, are not reciprocally monophyletic (Figs 2, 3). There is some divergence (9.8 %) between the populations found in springs near the Devils River and those sampled from San Felipe Springs. This could be an artifact of sequencing a limited number of individuals and the geographical gap in samples between these populations. There are some morphological differences to support further distinguishing those populations. We have considered whether populations in the Devils River and San Felipe drainages should be considered as distinct species, and while the data do not preclude the possibility, we take the more conservative approach of preserving these populations as a single species, acknowledging that additional evidence may call for further revision in the future. The average intraspecific divergence in COI in this clade is 4.6 %, within the Devils River springs is 0.6 % and within the San Felipe Springs 1.0 %.</p><p>From these lines of evidence (monophyly in both nuclear and mitochondrial sequence data and similar morphologies), we conclude that  T. diaboli and Te.  longleyi are synonymous and cannot remain assigned to  Tryonia . The original genus  Paludestrina d’Orbigny, 1840 is unavailable (ICZN 2008). That being the case, it would be most appropriate to refer to this species as  Texapyrgus diaboli (Pilsbry &amp; Ferris, 1906) with  Texapyrgus longleyi a junior synonym.</p><p>Ecology and habitat.</p><p>The springs along the Devils River where we collected  Texapyrgus diaboli, are all from the karstic Edwards-Trinity Aquifer (Georgetown Limestone) and form most of the flow for the Devils River (Toll et al. 2017; Texas Water Development Board 2018). The Devils River, a groundwater-dependent river, is fed by numerous springs and drains a large portion of the southwestern Edwards Plateau to the Rio Grande River. One population of  Texapyrgus diaboli was found in San Felipe Springs, which are among the largest in Texas with an average discharge of 3473 L / s (Hutchison 2021). The springs discharge from Cretaceous Salmon Peak Limestone (Barnes et al. 1992).  Texapyrgus diaboli was found in drift net and hyporheic samples with water chemistry values ranging from 15.06–23.28 ° C, pH 6.49–7.4, conductivity of 366.3–608.8 μS / cm, and dissolved oxygen of 4.33–8.47 mg / L.</p><p>The springs and hyporheic zone of the Devils River and San Felipe Springs watershed support high invertebrate diversity, especially stygobiotic taxa. The groundwater obligate taxa that have been documented at the Devils River Springs of Blue Hole and Finegan Springs are:  Artesia subterranea Holsinger, 1980,  Bicornucandona fineganensis Külköylüoğlu, Gibson, Diaz &amp; Colin, 2011,  Cirolanides texensis Benedict, 1896,  Hobbsinella edwardensis Camacho, Hutchins, Schwartz, Dorda, Casado &amp; Rey, 2017,  Ingolfiella sp.,  Lirceolus bisetus (Steeves, 1968),  Parabogidiella americana Holsinger, 1980,  Paraholsingerius smaragdinus (Holsinger, 1992),  Paramexiweckelia ruffoi Holsinger, 1996,  Phreatodrobia coronae Hershler, 1987,  Phreatodrobia spica Perez &amp; Alvear, 2020,  Seborgia hershleri Holsinger, 1982,  Speocirolana hardeni Bowman, 1992,  Stygobromus hadenoecus (Holsinger, 1966),  Texanobathynella sp.,  Texapyrgus longleyi Thompson &amp; Hershler, 1991,  Microcerberidae sp. (probably  Texicerberus schotteae Hutchins &amp; Schwartz, 2021, but unconfirmed), and  Typhloelmis finegan Barr, 2015 . Other molluscs present included  Physidae,  Sphaeridae,  Planorbidae, and  Cochliopina riograndensis .</p><p>The groundwater obligate taxa that have been documented at San Felipe Springs are:  Artesia subterranea Holsinger, 1980,  Balconorbis uvaldensis Hershler &amp; Longley, 1986,  Cirolanides texensis Benedict, 1896,  Lirceolus sp.,  Mexistenasellus coahuila Cole &amp; Minckley, 1972,  Parabogidiella americana Holsinger, 1980,  Paramexiweckelia ruffoi Holsinger, 1996,  Phreatodrobia coronae Hershler, 1987,  Psychopomporus felipi Jean, Telles &amp; Miller, 2012,  Seborgia hershleri Holsinger, 1982,  Speocirolana hardeni Bowman, 1992,  Stygobromus sp.,  Tethysbaena texana (Maguire, 1965), and  Typhloelmis sanfelipe Barr, 2015 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1A1A6EBD9EEC5871823E68F0B14A8958	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Perez, Kathryn E.;Saenz, Vanessa;Guerrero, Yamileth;Gonzalez, Lisa;Guerrero, Evan;Diaz, Pete;Hutchins, Benjamin T.;Schwartz, Benjamin F.	Perez, Kathryn E., Saenz, Vanessa, Guerrero, Yamileth, Gonzalez, Lisa, Guerrero, Evan, Diaz, Pete, Hutchins, Benjamin T., Schwartz, Benjamin F. (2025): New and revised groundwater snails (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda, Cochliopidae) from karst and associated hyporheic habitats in western Texas and northern Mexico. Subterranean Biology 50: 119-151, DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.50.138174
