taxonID	type	description	language	source
37DD5B1236335D7A8DB42818B0D70B63.taxon	description	Figs 2 – 4, 5 – 9, 10 – 12, 13 – 15	en	Wang, Xue, Ren, Jinlong, Yang, Ding, Chen, Zhenning (2025): Two new species and a new record of the genus Nephrotoma Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Tipulidae) from Northwest China, with a key to species in the region. ZooKeys 1251: 173-208, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1251.144156
37DD5B1236335D7A8DB42818B0D70B63.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body yellow. Occipital marking triangular, dark brown, laterally with pale-brown spots. Antenna reaching the base of abdomen when bent backward. Space between lateral and median stripes of prescutum and presutural scutum narrow. Tergite 9 posteriorly with narrow median notch and broad, inclined projections, its margin covered with tiny black spines. Sternite 8 with a bifurcated appendage. Clasper of gonostylus with posterior crest possessing a triangular projection.	en	Wang, Xue, Ren, Jinlong, Yang, Ding, Chen, Zhenning (2025): Two new species and a new record of the genus Nephrotoma Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Tipulidae) from Northwest China, with a key to species in the region. ZooKeys 1251: 173-208, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1251.144156
37DD5B1236335D7A8DB42818B0D70B63.taxon	description	Description. Male. Body length 9.0 – 11.1 mm, wing length 9.3 – 10.7 mm, antenna length 3.6 – 4.5 mm (N = 8). Head (Figs 2, 3). Mostly yellow, vertex with dark brown spot. Occipital marking triangular, dark brown, laterally with pale brown spots. Nasus dark brown. Rostrum brown. Head with brown setae. Antenna 13 - segmented, reaching the base of abdomen when bent backward; scape yellow, with apical third brown, pedicel and flagellar segments brown. Length of verticils reaching almost 3 / 5 length of the corresponding segment. Terminal segment of flagellum round. Palpi brownish, terminal segment pale, darkened at base. Thorax (Figs 2, 3). Mostly yellow. Pronotum black, yellow middorsally. Prescutum and presutural scutum with three longitudinal black stripes; lateral stripe apically bent outward; space between lateral and median stripes narrow. Postsutural scutum yellow in the middle, each lobe with large black spot; posterior-lateral margin brown. Scutellum yellow with a black median line. Mediotergite yellow with broad black median stripe, with posterior margin blackened. Anepisternum and katepisternum basally each with a large black spot. Anepimeron blackened apically; katepimeron with small median black spot. Meron blackened basally. Legs yellow. Coxae yellow, variegated with dark brown spots at the base. Apices of tibiae and femora dark brown, tarsal segments dark brown. Wing pale brown with a distinct dark brown pterostigma and macrotrichiae; brown shadow at vein R 4 + 5 and crossvein r-m; cell m sessile (Fig. 4). Halter with stem dark brown; knob pale yellow with a dark brown margin (Fig. 2). Abdomen (Fig. 2). Mainly yellow. Abdominal tergites with three broad black longitudinal stripes; the median stripe broader than the lateral stripes. Abdominal sternites 5 – 7 with an interrupted longitudinal stripe. Abdominal segments 8 – 9 black. Hypopygium (Figs 5 – 9). Tergite 9 posteriorly with broad, inclined projections, its margin covered with tiny black spines (Fig. 7). Posterior margin with narrow, U-shaped notch. Sternite 8 apically with a bifurcated appendage (Fig. 6). Sternite 9 posteriorly with sparse setae, and a sclerotized projection at the middle (Figs 5, 6). Gonocoxite separated from sternite 9, irregularly oval with smooth and slightly curved margins, featuring a slightly indented inward apex (Fig. 5). Lobe of gonostylus flattened, with weak lateral protrusion and obtuse apex (Figs 5, 9). Clasper of gonostylus with a large concavity at the base; beak obtuse; posterior crest with a triangular projection and sparse setae; outer basal lobe nearly oval, apically rounded; lower beak with a vaulted protuberance; the margin extending from the beak to the lower beak, strongly sclerotized (Fig. 8). Semen pump with posterior immovable apodeme darkened, directed backward, tip outward (Figs 10 – 12). Compressor apodeme blackish-brown, fan-shaped, forming an 80 ° angle with the posterior immovable apodeme. Anterior immovable apodeme narrower than the compressor apodeme. Female. Body length 12.9 – 15.1 mm, wing length 10.5 – 12.6 mm, antenna length 3.3 – 3.9 mm (N = 5). Resembles male in body coloration. Tergite 8, tergite 9, sternite 8, and basal region of tergite 10 dark brown (Figs 13 – 15). Ovipositor (Figs 13 – 15). Cercus narrowed toward tip (Figs 13, 15). Hypogynial valve curved upwards apically (Figs 13, 14).	en	Wang, Xue, Ren, Jinlong, Yang, Ding, Chen, Zhenning (2025): Two new species and a new record of the genus Nephrotoma Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Tipulidae) from Northwest China, with a key to species in the region. ZooKeys 1251: 173-208, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1251.144156
37DD5B1236335D7A8DB42818B0D70B63.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China, Qinghai (Fig. 1).	en	Wang, Xue, Ren, Jinlong, Yang, Ding, Chen, Zhenning (2025): Two new species and a new record of the genus Nephrotoma Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Tipulidae) from Northwest China, with a key to species in the region. ZooKeys 1251: 173-208, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1251.144156
37DD5B1236335D7A8DB42818B0D70B63.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name (from Latin furvus (adj., meaning “ dark ”) and Latin ligulatus (adj., meaning “ ligulate ” )) refers to the abdominal tergites bearing a darker mid-longitudinal stripe and to sternite 8 posteriorly with a bifurcated appendage that extends outward at its apex in ventral view.	en	Wang, Xue, Ren, Jinlong, Yang, Ding, Chen, Zhenning (2025): Two new species and a new record of the genus Nephrotoma Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Tipulidae) from Northwest China, with a key to species in the region. ZooKeys 1251: 173-208, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1251.144156
2E5CE128A54553A5926485FB614709F1.taxon	description	Figs 16 – 18, 19 – 23, 24 – 26, 27 – 29	en	Wang, Xue, Ren, Jinlong, Yang, Ding, Chen, Zhenning (2025): Two new species and a new record of the genus Nephrotoma Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Tipulidae) from Northwest China, with a key to species in the region. ZooKeys 1251: 173-208, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1251.144156
2E5CE128A54553A5926485FB614709F1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body yellow. Occipital marking drop-shaped, apically pale brown. Antenna reaching the base of abdomen when bent backward. Wing pale brown, cell m 1 petiolate. Tergite 9 posteriorly with four projections, median projections broad and covered with short, tiny black spines; lateral projections horn-shaped. Sternite 8 posteriorly with a bent, flattened protuberance, narrowing downwards in lateral view. Clasper of gonostylus with dorsal crest bearing a sclerotized and cristate projection.	en	Wang, Xue, Ren, Jinlong, Yang, Ding, Chen, Zhenning (2025): Two new species and a new record of the genus Nephrotoma Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Tipulidae) from Northwest China, with a key to species in the region. ZooKeys 1251: 173-208, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1251.144156
2E5CE128A54553A5926485FB614709F1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Guizhou; Inner Mongolia; Ningxia; Qinghai: Minle, Menyuan, Huzhu, Qilian; Sichuan).	en	Wang, Xue, Ren, Jinlong, Yang, Ding, Chen, Zhenning (2025): Two new species and a new record of the genus Nephrotoma Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Tipulidae) from Northwest China, with a key to species in the region. ZooKeys 1251: 173-208, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1251.144156
BE8CEDF0CF015515995BC3972B51751B.taxon	description	Figs 30 – 32, 33 – 37, 38 – 40, 41 – 43	en	Wang, Xue, Ren, Jinlong, Yang, Ding, Chen, Zhenning (2025): Two new species and a new record of the genus Nephrotoma Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Tipulidae) from Northwest China, with a key to species in the region. ZooKeys 1251: 173-208, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1251.144156
BE8CEDF0CF015515995BC3972B51751B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body black. Vertex with a tubercle and a dark-yellow spot at the posterior-lateral margin. Antenna reaching the base of abdomen when bent backward; base of flagellar segments enlarged starting from the second segment. Prescutum and presutural scutum median and lateral stripes fused. Tergite 9 posteriorly with horned, inclined projections and median V-shaped notch. Sternite 8 posteriorly with a median, apically bifid appendage. Clasper of gonostylus with dorsal crest bare, lower break horn shaped.	en	Wang, Xue, Ren, Jinlong, Yang, Ding, Chen, Zhenning (2025): Two new species and a new record of the genus Nephrotoma Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Tipulidae) from Northwest China, with a key to species in the region. ZooKeys 1251: 173-208, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1251.144156
BE8CEDF0CF015515995BC3972B51751B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Gansu, Qinghai: Huzhu, Menyuan, Qilian).	en	Wang, Xue, Ren, Jinlong, Yang, Ding, Chen, Zhenning (2025): Two new species and a new record of the genus Nephrotoma Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Tipulidae) from Northwest China, with a key to species in the region. ZooKeys 1251: 173-208, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1251.144156
D68B5F284295517A832293E552D756E7.taxon	description	Figs 44 – 46, 47 – 51, 52 – 54, 55 – 57	en	Wang, Xue, Ren, Jinlong, Yang, Ding, Chen, Zhenning (2025): Two new species and a new record of the genus Nephrotoma Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Tipulidae) from Northwest China, with a key to species in the region. ZooKeys 1251: 173-208, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1251.144156
D68B5F284295517A832293E552D756E7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body yellow. Occipital marking peach-shaped, dark brown. Antenna reaching the base of abdomen when bent backward. Wing pale brown, cell m 1 mostly sessile, some specimens petiolate. Tergite 9 posteriorly with broad, flat projections, covered with short, tiny black spines, and separated by narrow incision. Sternite 8 posteriorly with a short, bifid appendage. Clasper of gonostylus with posterior crest bearing a triangular projection and sparse setae.	en	Wang, Xue, Ren, Jinlong, Yang, Ding, Chen, Zhenning (2025): Two new species and a new record of the genus Nephrotoma Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Tipulidae) from Northwest China, with a key to species in the region. ZooKeys 1251: 173-208, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1251.144156
D68B5F284295517A832293E552D756E7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Afghanistan, China (Xinjiang), India (north), Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan.	en	Wang, Xue, Ren, Jinlong, Yang, Ding, Chen, Zhenning (2025): Two new species and a new record of the genus Nephrotoma Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Tipulidae) from Northwest China, with a key to species in the region. ZooKeys 1251: 173-208, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1251.144156
2CBB1C861FA2538A9AC0DB02122F6F34.taxon	description	Figs 58 – 60, 61 – 65, 66 – 68	en	Wang, Xue, Ren, Jinlong, Yang, Ding, Chen, Zhenning (2025): Two new species and a new record of the genus Nephrotoma Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Tipulidae) from Northwest China, with a key to species in the region. ZooKeys 1251: 173-208, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1251.144156
2CBB1C861FA2538A9AC0DB02122F6F34.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body yellow. Occipital marking spine shaped. Vertex with a dark-brown round spot. Vein R 4 + 5 and crossvein r-m with dark-brown cloud-shaped shadow. Abdominal tergites with one interrupted longitudinal median stripe. Tergite 9 posteriorly with two projections; outer projection finger-shaped and covered with short, tiny black spines. Sternite 8 posteriorly with setae and a deep V-notch. Sternite 9 with a horned appendage directed ventrally in lateral view. Clasper of gonostylus with dorsal crest with margin forming flattened projection.	en	Wang, Xue, Ren, Jinlong, Yang, Ding, Chen, Zhenning (2025): Two new species and a new record of the genus Nephrotoma Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Tipulidae) from Northwest China, with a key to species in the region. ZooKeys 1251: 173-208, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1251.144156
2CBB1C861FA2538A9AC0DB02122F6F34.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, China (Qinghai: Menyuan; Fig. 1), Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Italy (north), Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Montenegro, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden (south), Switzerland, Ukraine; Russia, Kazakhstan (east); Mongolia.	en	Wang, Xue, Ren, Jinlong, Yang, Ding, Chen, Zhenning (2025): Two new species and a new record of the genus Nephrotoma Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Tipulidae) from Northwest China, with a key to species in the region. ZooKeys 1251: 173-208, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1251.144156
57F418123A7D5D1D9C53B6089C207843.taxon	description	Figs 69 – 71, 72 – 76, 77 – 79	en	Wang, Xue, Ren, Jinlong, Yang, Ding, Chen, Zhenning (2025): Two new species and a new record of the genus Nephrotoma Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Tipulidae) from Northwest China, with a key to species in the region. ZooKeys 1251: 173-208, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1251.144156
57F418123A7D5D1D9C53B6089C207843.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body black. Vertex with a tubercle, a dark-yellow spot at the posterior-lateral margin. Antenna reaching the base of wing when bent backward. Wing with brown shadow at vein R 4 + 5 and crossvein r-m; cell m 1 mostly sessile in most specimens. Tergite 9 posteriorly with horned projections, covered with black spines. Sternite 8 posteriorly with a horned, hairy, and sclerotized appendage that directed ventrally in lateral view. Clasper of gonostylus with long, straight, and obtuse beak; lower beak with spade-shaped protuberance; one U-notch between the beak and lower beak.	en	Wang, Xue, Ren, Jinlong, Yang, Ding, Chen, Zhenning (2025): Two new species and a new record of the genus Nephrotoma Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Tipulidae) from Northwest China, with a key to species in the region. ZooKeys 1251: 173-208, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1251.144156
57F418123A7D5D1D9C53B6089C207843.taxon	description	Description. Male. Body length 9.7 – 11.6 mm, wing length 9.6 – 11.7 mm, antenna length 3.3 – 3.6 mm (N = 6). Head (Figs 69, 70). Mostly black, vertex with a tubercle, a dark-yellow spot at the posterior-lateral margin of a tubercle. Nasus obvious. Occiput postero-laterally with grey setae. Head with black setae. Antenna 13 - segmented, reaching the base of wing when bent backward; scape short, dark brown, with apical third black, pedicel and flagellar segments black; flagellar segments except of the first one, enlarged at base. Length of verticils reaching almost 3 / 5 length of the corresponding segment. Terminal segment of flagellum round. Palpi black, terminal segment pale, darkened at base. Thorax (Figs 69, 70). Entirely black. Legs black. Coxae black. Middle portions of tibiae and femora dark brown, tarsal segments black. Wing dark brown, with a distinct dark-brown pterostigma and macrotrichiae; brown shadow at vein R 4 + 5 and crossvein r-m; cell m 1 mostly sessile, some specimens petiolate (Fig. 71). Halter with stem black; knob grey variegated with a brown spot (Fig. 69). Abdomen (Fig. 69). Entirely black. Hypopygium (Figs 72 – 76). Tergite 9 posteriorly with horned projections, covered with black spines and separated by broad median V-shaped notch. Median region with a brown crescent membrane (Fig. 74). Sternite 8 posteriorly covered densely with setae, sunken at the middle in ventral view, and with a horned, hairy, and sclerotized appendage that directed ventrally in lateral view (Figs 72, 75). Sternite 9 posteriorly with sparse setae (Fig. 75). Gonocoxite separated from sternite 9, apically bearing a gradually tapering narrowness (Fig. 72). Lobe of gonostylus broadens from base to middle, tapers to apex (Figs 72, 76). Clasper of gonostylus with a large concavity at the middle; beak long, straight, and obtuse; dorsal crest posteriorly with strongly sclerotized projection and sparse setae; outer basal lobe in the shape of oval process, sclerotized margin, sparsely covered with setae; lower beak with spade-shaped protuberance; the margin extending from the beak to the lower beak, strongly sclerotized. Semen pump dark brown (Figs 77 – 79). Posterior immovable apodeme short, rod-like, directed backward, tip inward. Compressor apodeme flattened, apically with U-shaped incision forming two, distally darkened lobes. Anterior immovable apodeme with a strongly sclerotized margin, nearly triangular. Female. Unknown.	en	Wang, Xue, Ren, Jinlong, Yang, Ding, Chen, Zhenning (2025): Two new species and a new record of the genus Nephrotoma Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Tipulidae) from Northwest China, with a key to species in the region. ZooKeys 1251: 173-208, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1251.144156
57F418123A7D5D1D9C53B6089C207843.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China, Xinjiang (Fig. 1).	en	Wang, Xue, Ren, Jinlong, Yang, Ding, Chen, Zhenning (2025): Two new species and a new record of the genus Nephrotoma Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Tipulidae) from Northwest China, with a key to species in the region. ZooKeys 1251: 173-208, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1251.144156
57F418123A7D5D1D9C53B6089C207843.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name (from Latin palaceus; adj., meaning “ spade-shaped ”) refers to spade-shaped protuberance at the lower beak of the clasper of gonostylus.	en	Wang, Xue, Ren, Jinlong, Yang, Ding, Chen, Zhenning (2025): Two new species and a new record of the genus Nephrotoma Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Tipulidae) from Northwest China, with a key to species in the region. ZooKeys 1251: 173-208, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1251.144156
