identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
960E5C19655EFFFCFF6D566E780304FF.text	960E5C19655EFFFCFF6D566E780304FF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Talpa levantis Thomas 1906	<div><p>Talpa levantis Thomas, 1906</p><p>Diagnosis. Distinguishable from all other species of the genus Talpa by nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences (Bannikova et al. 2015, Demırtaş et al. 2020).</p><p>Description. T. levantis is a smaller mole (H&amp;B= 103– 149 mm, CbL= 28.6–33.5 mm) with eyelids sealed and the eyes covered by a transparent skin. External morphology shows no peculiarities. Skull is of average shape (Kryštufek et al. 2018a): relative width (as a percentage of CbL) of rostrum over canines is 11.8–14.9% and width of rostrum over molars is 24.7–31.0%. The maxillary tooth-row is comparatively short (MxT%=35.6–38.9%). However, the 1 st upper molar has a parastyle, which shows heavy tooth-wear. The pelvis is of the caecoidal type, i.e., with the 4 th sacral foramen opened posteriorly (Doğramacı 1989b). Diploid number of chromosomes is 2n = 34 and the fundamental number of autosomal arms is NFa = 64. All subspecies were karyotyped and no variation was reported (Sokolov &amp; Tembotov 1989, Kefelioğlu &amp; Gençoğlu 1996; Sevindik 2013, Selçuk &amp; Kefelioğlu 2017).</p><p>Comparisons. T. levantis can be separated by morphological and karyological characteristics from other moles occupying Turkey (Kefelioğlu &amp; Gençoğlu 1996, Kryštufek &amp; Vohralík 2001, Kryštufek et al. 2018a). T. ognevi is larger (CbL= 33.6–35.9 mm) and has a high- er diploid number (2n = 38; Selçuk &amp; Kefelioğlu 2017). T. davidiana has a more robust skull with a comparatively wider rostrum; the breadth across canines accounts for 12.1–14.5% of the condylobasal length in T. levantis as opposed to 14.9–17.3% in T. davidiana . T. levantis is smaller than T. europaea from European Turkey (CbL=32.4–37.0 mm) and has eyelids grown together, while they are free in T. europaea . T. levantis has a parastyle on the 1 st upper molar while T. martinorum lacks it. Overall comparison of cranial shape in Turkish species of Talpa is summarised in Selçuk et al. (2017).</p><p>Distribution. Range embraces the coast and mountains in northern Turkey along the Sea of Marmara and the</p><p>Black Sea (Fig. 1) and the Caucasus in Georgia, Armenia (as far south as Lake Sevan), and Russia (south of Kuban and Sulok rivers in Krasnodar, Adygea, Karachay-Cherkessia, Ingushetia, Chechnya, and Dagestan; Sokolov &amp; Tembotov 1989). A population in the Lake Van area is obviously an isolate (Kryštufek &amp; Motokawa 2018) .</p><p>Miscellaneous. Reviewed by Kryštufek &amp; Motokawa (2018); Sokolov &amp; Tembotov (1989) provided a detailed review of the Caucasian populations. We subsequently list three subspecies (Fig. 6). The population from Lake Van was not assigned to any of them and requires a molecular screening.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/960E5C19655EFFFCFF6D566E780304FF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kefelioğlu, Haluk;Kryštufek, Boris;Selçuk, Ahmet Yesari;Hutterer, Rainer;Astrin, Jonas J.	Kefelioğlu, Haluk, Kryštufek, Boris, Selçuk, Ahmet Yesari, Hutterer, Rainer, Astrin, Jonas J. (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Levant moles of Turkey (Mammalia: Talpidae). Bonn zoological Bulletin 69 (2): 275-291, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2020.69.2.275, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.20363/bzb-2020.69.2.275
960E5C19655FFFFCFF4755E57B8C00D6.text	960E5C19655FFFFCFF4755E57B8C00D6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Talpa levantis subsp. levantis Thomas 1906	<div><p>Talpa levantis levantis Thomas, 1906</p><p>(Fig. 5b)</p><p>Talpa caeca levantis Thomas, 1906:416 . Type locality is “Scalita, S. of Trebizond ”, now “Altındere, south of Trabzon, Turkey ” (Kryštufek &amp; Vohralik 2001:100). The type is a skin and skull in the Natural History Museum London (No. 6.3.6.5); type was seen.</p><p>Talpa levantis: Spitzenberger, 1973 (in Felten et al. 1973:229). First use of current name combination.</p><p>Diagnosis. Identical to the Central lineage of Talpa levantis as retrieved in the phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial Cyt b gene. In our dataset, the subspecies levantis has unique mutations in comparison with sequences of both ssp. transcaucasica and T. l. dogramacii new subspecies at 6 positions of our Cyt b alignment (see Appendix II): 150:C, 447:T, 852:G, 933:G, 990:T, 1020:T.</p><p>Description and comparison. Similar to the remaining subspecies and the differences are on average. The nominotypical subspecies differs significantly from ssp. transcaucasica in four linear variables (H&amp;B, HfL, CbL, MxT) and both quotients (MxT%, RoM%) in males and in two linear variables (CbL, MxT) in females. The nominotypical subspecies attained higher means in all comparisons but had a relatively shorter maxillary tooth-row (MxT%) than ssp. transcaucasica . For comparison with T. l. dogramacii ssp. nov. see under that subspecies.</p><p>Distribution. The Black Sea coast and mountains from vicinity of Zonguldak to Trabzon. Endemic to Turkey.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/960E5C19655FFFFCFF4755E57B8C00D6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kefelioğlu, Haluk;Kryštufek, Boris;Selçuk, Ahmet Yesari;Hutterer, Rainer;Astrin, Jonas J.	Kefelioğlu, Haluk, Kryštufek, Boris, Selçuk, Ahmet Yesari, Hutterer, Rainer, Astrin, Jonas J. (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Levant moles of Turkey (Mammalia: Talpidae). Bonn zoological Bulletin 69 (2): 275-291, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2020.69.2.275, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.20363/bzb-2020.69.2.275
960E5C19655FFFFBFF47518C7A4D04C7.text	960E5C19655FFFFBFF47518C7A4D04C7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Talpa levantis subsp. transcaucasica Dahl 1945	<div><p>Talpa levantis transcaucasica Dahl, 1945</p><p>(Fig. 5c)</p><p>Talpa europaea transcaucasica Dahl, 1945: 48 . The year of publication on the cover page is 1944; with 1945 we follow Pavlinov &amp; Rossolimo 1998: 8). Type locality (p. 49): “Окресности села Воскресеновски (Кироваканский р-н Арм. ССР) ... Высота 1845 м над уровнем моря [Surroundings of the village of Voskresenovka (Kirovakan district of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic) ... Altitude 1845 m above sea level]”. Since names of places changed since 1945, the type locality is now: Lermontovo (formerly Voskresenovka), Lori Province (formerly Kirovokan district), Armenia.</p><p>Talpa minima Deparma, 1959:31 . Type locality is “Сев.- Зап. КавкаЗ, верховья реки Белой, блиЗ поселка Хамышки, 500 м ур. м.” – [“north-western Caucasus, the upper stream of River Beloy, near the settlement Khamyshki, 500 m a. s. l.”] (from Borissenko et al. 2001: 164), Adygea (Adyghe) Republic, Russia. In Deparma 1960: 97, the type locality is cited as: “Chamischki am Oberlauf des Flusses Belaja; NW-Kaukasus; 500 m ü. M. [Meter über Meereshöhe = metres above sea level]”</p><p>T[alpa] o[rientalis] transcaucasica: Vereschagin, 1959:388.</p><p>T[alpa] h[ercegoviensis] minima: Kuzyakin, 1965:50.</p><p>T[alpa] c[aeca] minima: Gromov, Gureev, Novikov, Sokolov, Strelkov &amp; Chapskiy, 1963:79.</p><p>T[alpa] l[evantis] minima: Sokolov &amp; Tembotov, 1989:249.</p><p>T[alpa] l[evantis] transcaucasica: Sokolov &amp; Tembotov, 1989:249. First use of current name combination.</p><p>T[alpa] transcaucasica: Demırtaş, Silsüpür, Searle, Bil- ton &amp; Gündüz, 2020 (unpaginated early online release).</p><p>Diagnosis. Identical to the eastern sublineage of Demır- taş et al. (2020) and to the Eastern lineage of Talpa levantis as retrieved in this study through the phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial Cyt b gene. In our dataset, the subspecies transcaucasica has unique mutations in comparison with sequences of both the nominotypical subspecies and T. l. dogramacii new subspecies at the following positions of our Cyt b alignment (see Appendix 2): 42:T, 54:G, 162:G, 213:C, 219:T, 223:C, 225:A, 231:G, 246:T, 279:C, 396:A, 480:C, 603:T, 640:T, 651:C, 667:C, 675:G, 678:C, 858:G, 867:T, 913:T, 1008:T.</p><p>Description and comparison. Similar to the remaining subspecies and the differences are on average. For comparisons see under T. l. dogramacii ssp. nov. and the nominate subspecies.</p><p>Distribution. The north-eastern and eastern Black Sea coast, the Lesser Caucasus in north-eastern Turkey, Georgia, and Armenia, and the Greater Caucasus in Georgia and Russia.</p><p>Miscellaneous. Deparma published the taxonomic description and naming of Talpa minima in two papers, in Russian (Deparma 1959) and in German (Deparma 1960). This caused the inconsistency in reporting the year of publishing the name. While Russian authors consistently quoted 1959 (Gureev 1979, Gromov et al. 1963, Kuzyakin 1965, Pavlinov &amp; Rossolimo 1987, Sokolov &amp; Tembotov 1989, Zaytsev et al. 2014), Western authors were aware only of the German version and cited 1960 (Hutterer 2005).</p><p>Sokolov &amp; Tembotov (1989) recognized minima as subspecifically distinct from transcaucasica . The former is smaller (mean CbL is 28.66 mm in males and 28.25 mm in females) and occupies the western Caucasus; the latter is larger (mean CbL is 30.12 mm in males and 30.02 mm in females) and lives in the north-central Piedmont of the Greater Caucasus and the eastern Lesser Caucasus (Sokolov &amp; Tembotov 1989).</p><p>Talpa levantis dogramacii ssp. nov. Kefelioğlu,</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/960E5C19655FFFFBFF47518C7A4D04C7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kefelioğlu, Haluk;Kryštufek, Boris;Selçuk, Ahmet Yesari;Hutterer, Rainer;Astrin, Jonas J.	Kefelioğlu, Haluk, Kryštufek, Boris, Selçuk, Ahmet Yesari, Hutterer, Rainer, Astrin, Jonas J. (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Levant moles of Turkey (Mammalia: Talpidae). Bonn zoological Bulletin 69 (2): 275-291, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2020.69.2.275, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.20363/bzb-2020.69.2.275
960E5C19655AFFF9FCEF55127DA90592.text	960E5C19655AFFF9FCEF55127DA90592.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Talpa davidiana (A. Milne Edwards 1884)	<div><p>Talpa davidiana (A. Milne Edwards, 1884)</p><p>Scaptochirus davidianus A. Milne Edwards, 1884:1143 . Type locality: “environs d’Akbes, sur les confins de la Syrie et de l’Asie Mineure” (p. 1142), now Meydanekbez, southwest of Gaziantep, Turkey (Kryštufek et al. 2001:140)</p><p>Earlier reported for Turkey as Talpa streeti Lay, 1965; the name is a junior synonym of Scaptochirus davidianus, which is a member of the genus Talpa (Kryštufek et al. 2001) . Occupies south-eastern Turkey and Lake Van area (Kryštufek et al. 2001, Sözen et al. 2012).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/960E5C19655AFFF9FCEF55127DA90592	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kefelioğlu, Haluk;Kryštufek, Boris;Selçuk, Ahmet Yesari;Hutterer, Rainer;Astrin, Jonas J.	Kefelioğlu, Haluk, Kryštufek, Boris, Selçuk, Ahmet Yesari, Hutterer, Rainer, Astrin, Jonas J. (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Levant moles of Turkey (Mammalia: Talpidae). Bonn zoological Bulletin 69 (2): 275-291, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2020.69.2.275, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.20363/bzb-2020.69.2.275
960E5C19655AFFF9FF6D53337A4E03A2.text	960E5C19655AFFF9FF6D53337A4E03A2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Talpa europaea Linnaeus 1758	<div><p>Talpa europaea Linnaeus, 1758</p><p>Talpa europaea Linnaeus, 1758:52 . Type locality (originally Europe) subsequently restricted to Sweden, Kristianstad, Engelholm.</p><p>Reported for Turkey by Osborn (1964). Occupies European Turkey; range mapped by Doğramacı (1989a).</p><p>Talpa martinorum Kryštufek, Nedyalkov, Astrin &amp;</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/960E5C19655AFFF9FF6D53337A4E03A2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kefelioğlu, Haluk;Kryštufek, Boris;Selçuk, Ahmet Yesari;Hutterer, Rainer;Astrin, Jonas J.	Kefelioğlu, Haluk, Kryštufek, Boris, Selçuk, Ahmet Yesari, Hutterer, Rainer, Astrin, Jonas J. (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Levant moles of Turkey (Mammalia: Talpidae). Bonn zoological Bulletin 69 (2): 275-291, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2020.69.2.275, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.20363/bzb-2020.69.2.275
960E5C19655AFFF9FCEF57AC7C570455.text	960E5C19655AFFF9FCEF57AC7C570455.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Talpa ognevi Stroganov 1944	<div><p>Talpa ognevi Stroganov, 1944</p><p>Talpa romana ognevi Stroganov, 1944:131 . Type locality: “Бакуриани, ГруЗия [ Bakuriani, Georgia]”.</p><p>Reported for Turkey as Talpa caucasica Satunin, 1908 (Doğramacı 1989b). The name ognevi was elevated to species in Kryštufek &amp; Motokawa (2018), following the evidence provided by Bannikova et al. (2015). Range is in Georgia and NE Turkey (Hopa region).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/960E5C19655AFFF9FCEF57AC7C570455	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kefelioğlu, Haluk;Kryštufek, Boris;Selçuk, Ahmet Yesari;Hutterer, Rainer;Astrin, Jonas J.	Kefelioğlu, Haluk, Kryštufek, Boris, Selçuk, Ahmet Yesari, Hutterer, Rainer, Astrin, Jonas J. (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Levant moles of Turkey (Mammalia: Talpidae). Bonn zoological Bulletin 69 (2): 275-291, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2020.69.2.275, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.20363/bzb-2020.69.2.275
