identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
822D54F61FF452B2A84DC80E91F9042F.text	822D54F61FF452B2A84DC80E91F9042F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prophylactis albiflorallax Hilton, Young & Kallies 2025	<div><p>5.4.2.2. Prophylactis albiflorallax Hilton, Young &amp; Kallies sp. nov.</p><p>Figures 10 A, B, 12 I, 14 I, S 1 I, S 3 D</p><p>Description.</p><p>Grey-beige heliozelids with slight silver, gold and violet sheen (Fig. 10 A, B). Wingspan 7.5-8.5 mm (7.9 ± 0.3 mm, n = 9) in females and 7.0-8.0 mm (7.3 ± 0.3 mm, n = 9) in males. — Head: Grey-beige dorsally. Eyes dark red. — Thorax: Grey-beige dorsally. — Forewings: Dorsal surface grey-beige with slight silver-golden sheen; ventral surface grey-brown. — Hindwing: Dorsal surface grey-brown with slight gold sheen; ventral surface silver-grey. Males with prominent grey-brown androconial brush. — Abdomen: Females grey dorsally, males brown-grey dorsally. In females, tergite VIII invaginated to form a linear flytrap-like pollen-collecting structure (Figs 12 I, S 1 I); lips of the structure meeting at anterior tip, widening anteriorly in dried specimens but possibly opening wider during pollen collection. Inner lateral surfaces of cleft with long spines, outer lip with short spines and striations; spines on posterior part of tergite VII. Oviscapt extensible, occasionally visible in some set specimens. — Male genitalia (Fig. 14 I). Tegumen transverse, uncus broad triangular, with blunt end; gnathos very short and broadly rounded. Pectinifer about 1 / 5 of valva length, pecten with 12 sensilla. Phallus apical spine weakly curved; phallocrypt with a pair of sharp subapical spines pointing cephalad.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Prophylactis albiflorallax sp. nov. is one of two species of Prophylactis associated with B. albiflora . The other species is a larger undescribed non-pollinator group species, in which females do not have a pollen-collecting structure and males lack the androconial brush at the base of the hindwing. Male P. albiflorallax differs from all other pollinator species, except its sister species P. octandrallax sp. nov., by the following combination of characters: forewings with the silver-gold sheen and hindwings with an androconial brush. Female P. albiflorallax sp. nov. can be distinguished from all other species except P. octandrallax sp. nov. and P. crenulatallax sp. nov. by the linear abdominal pollen-collecting structure. Female P. albiflorallax sp. nov. can be distinguished from P. octandrallax sp. nov. by the pollen-collecting structure, which is open in dry specimens of P. albiflorallax sp. nov. but closed with overlapping lips in P. octandrallax sp. nov. Distinguishing males of P. albiflorallax sp. nov. and P. octandrallax sp. nov. and females of P. albiflorallax sp. nov. and P. crenulatallax sp. nov. requires knowledge of the hostplant and / or CO 1 sequences.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species name is a combination of its hostplant species name “ albiflora ” and the suffix “ - allax ”.</p><p>Distribution and Biology.</p><p>Prophylactis albiflorallax sp. nov. was found on Boronia albiflora between late July and late September. It is currently known from three locations, inland near Mt Trio on the northern edge of Stirling Ranges NP as well as in the Ravensthorpe Range and coastally, on East Mt Barren in Fitzgerald River NP (Fig. S 3 D). Boronia albiflora grows in well-drained situations including granite outcrops and sand from the Stirling Ranges in the west to Mt Ragged in the east of Western Australia (Duretto et al. 2013). Prophylactis albiflorallax sp. nov. is never abundant, though moderate numbers were observed on the lower slopes of East Mt Barren flowering B. albiflora often lack any associated heliozelids. Furthermore, the flowers of B. albiflora are also frequently visited by native bees, wasps and flies, suggesting that P. albiflorallax sp. nov. is not required for the pollination of its host. Further research, however, is required to better understand the distribution and biology of this species.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>All specimens were swept from Boronia albiflora . — Holotype: ♀ (MMP 005387 in molecular phylogeny, Fig. 10 B) “ 16 August 2015, - 33.92861 ° 120.01944 °, Stony Lower Western Slopes, East Mt Barren, Fitzgerald River NP, WA, L Milla &amp; DA Young ” | “ On Boronia albiflora ” | “ Holotype ♀, Prophylactis albiflorallax sp. nov., Hilton et al. 2025 ” | “ MMP 005387 ” (WAM) . — Paratypes (11 ♀♀, 9 ♂♂): Same data as holotype except, 14 / 08 / 2015 (1 ♂); same data as holotype (3 ♀♀, MMP 004314 in molecular phylogeny; 2 ♂♂, MMP 004293, genitalia slide AK 909); same data as holotype except 23 / 08 / 2015 (1 ♀); same data as holotype except 26 / 08 / 2015 (1 ♂); same data as holotype except 27 / 08 / 2015 (1 ♀, 2 ♂♂, MMP 4842 in molecular phylogeny); - 33.55617 ° 120.12120 °, 7.5 km NE of Ravensthorpe, 02 / 09 / 2014, DJ Hilton, A Kallies &amp; DA Young, On B. albiflora (2 ♂♂); - 33.54361 ° 120.09555 °, Ravensthorpe Range, 23 / 07 / 2015, L Milla &amp; DA Young, On B. albiflora (2 ♀♀, 1 ♂); - 34.31888 ° 118.05250 °, Fire-track Along Park Boundary, Near Mt Trio Bush Camp, Stirling Ranges NP, 08 / 09 / 2015, DA Young, On B. albiflora (1 ♀); same data except 21 / 09 / 2015 (3 ♀♀, MMP 004313 in molecular phylogeny).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/822D54F61FF452B2A84DC80E91F9042F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hilton, Douglas J.;Young, D. Andy;Milla, Liz;Jin, Mengjie;Wilcox, Stephen;Wang, Qike;Wimmer, Verena C.;Chang, Jinny;Kallies, Henning;Hall, Andie;Watowich, Marina;Busch, Carly A.;Wilcox, Jordan;Swarbrick, Aileen;Walter, Marlene;Sands, Don;Paterson, Davina;Lees, David C.;Duretto, Marco F.;Moussalli, Adnan;Halsey, Mike;Kallies, Axel	Hilton, Douglas J., Young, D. Andy, Milla, Liz, Jin, Mengjie, Wilcox, Stephen, Wang, Qike, Wimmer, Verena C., Chang, Jinny, Kallies, Henning, Hall, Andie, Watowich, Marina, Busch, Carly A., Wilcox, Jordan, Swarbrick, Aileen, Walter, Marlene, Sands, Don, Paterson, Davina, Lees, David C., Duretto, Marco F., Moussalli, Adnan, Halsey, Mike, Kallies, Axel (2025): Phylogeny and taxonomy of a new clade of Australian Heliozelidae in the genus Prophylactis Meyrick, 1897 (Lepidoptera, Adeloidea) pollinating Boronia (Rutaceae: Sapindales). Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 83: 175-210, DOI: 10.3897/asp.83.e130334
30E37A32AD85566DA7E3AE48AE75EF6D.text	30E37A32AD85566DA7E3AE48AE75EF6D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prophylactis argochalca Meyrick 1897	<div><p>5.2. Prophylactis argochalca Meyrick, 1897 comb. rev.</p><p>Figure 4 A, B</p><p>Prophylactis argochalca Meyrick, 1897: 408. TL: Albany, West Australia. Lectotype in NMHUK (designated here).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Grey-beige heliozelid moth with bronze sheen (Fig. 4 A, B). Wingspan 7-11 mm. — Head: Grey-beige with definite bronze sheen. Eyes red. — Thorax: Prothorax and mesothorax grey-beige with definite bronze sheen dorsally. Metathorax grey-brown. Forewings: Dorsal surface grey with slight beige-bronze sheen; base of costa darker; ventral surface grey-brown. — Hindwing: Dorsal surface grey-brown; ventral surface silver-grey. — Abdomen: Grey-brown dorsally; females without pollen-collecting structure.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Prophylactis argochalca is a typical representative of the non-pollinator group species of the genus, with little remarkable about its external appearance. It differs from all other here described species of Prophylactis by the absence of a pollinator cleft. It is, however, like many of the undescribed species of non-pollinator group Prophylactis species. Another two undescribed species of Prophylactis were collected from Boronia spathulata Lindl. One is like P. argochalca in coloration but differs by its larger size and barcode. The second undescribed species associated with B. spathulata cannot be confused with P. argochalca as it is brightly coloured and dimorphic. Furthermore, it differs by its unusual biology, with larvae feeding and pupating inside a gall which grows from the flower.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The single recently collected specimen, was associated with Boronia spathulata . However, given that we have only found this one specimen, it cannot be excluded that this association was incidental, and the real hostplant may be another species of Boronia .</p><p>Meyrick (1897) described P. argochalca from ten specimens, which he collected in Albany between September and December 1886. All ten specimens of the syntypic series were located, nine (7 ♂♂ and 2 ♀♀) in the NMHUK and one male in the ANIC. As multiple similar species of Prophylactis occur in the vicinity of Albany, it is necessary to select a lectotype to ensure taxonomic stability. We hereby designate the female syntype of P. argochalca collected by Meyrick at Albany, Western Australia, on 6 / 12 / 1886 and from which we have obtained DNA sequence data, as the lectotype. The remaining nine syntypes are therefore paralectotypes. As all but one of the type specimens of this species are located in the NMHUK, we are yet to dissect and are unable to describe male and female genitalia.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Lectotype: 1 ♀, “ Albany, W. Australia, 6 / 12 / 86 ”, “ Prophylactis argochalca, 4 / 9 Meyr, E. Meyrick det., in Meyrick Coll. ” “ NMHUK 013697112 with data matrix code] [sequenced specimen] (NMHUK, Fig. 4 B) . — Paralectotypes: 2 ♂♂ Albany, 28 / 9 / 1886 (1 / 9, 2 / 9), 1 ♀ (3 / 9), 3 ♂♂ (7 / 9, 8 / 9, 9 / 9) 1 / 10 / 86, 1 ♂ (5 / 9) 2 / 10 / 1886, 1 ♂ (6 / 9), 28 / 92 / 1886 (all in NMHUK); 1 ♂ (not numbered), 28 / 9 / 1886, Albany, ANIC 31-096361 (ANIC).</p><p>Additional Material.</p><p>1 ♀ - 34.43160 116.60253, Muir Hwy 5 km W of Lake Muir, 9 / 10 / 2014, DA Young, collected on Boronia spathulata [MMP 004305].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/30E37A32AD85566DA7E3AE48AE75EF6D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hilton, Douglas J.;Young, D. Andy;Milla, Liz;Jin, Mengjie;Wilcox, Stephen;Wang, Qike;Wimmer, Verena C.;Chang, Jinny;Kallies, Henning;Hall, Andie;Watowich, Marina;Busch, Carly A.;Wilcox, Jordan;Swarbrick, Aileen;Walter, Marlene;Sands, Don;Paterson, Davina;Lees, David C.;Duretto, Marco F.;Moussalli, Adnan;Halsey, Mike;Kallies, Axel	Hilton, Douglas J., Young, D. Andy, Milla, Liz, Jin, Mengjie, Wilcox, Stephen, Wang, Qike, Wimmer, Verena C., Chang, Jinny, Kallies, Henning, Hall, Andie, Watowich, Marina, Busch, Carly A., Wilcox, Jordan, Swarbrick, Aileen, Walter, Marlene, Sands, Don, Paterson, Davina, Lees, David C., Duretto, Marco F., Moussalli, Adnan, Halsey, Mike, Kallies, Axel (2025): Phylogeny and taxonomy of a new clade of Australian Heliozelidae in the genus Prophylactis Meyrick, 1897 (Lepidoptera, Adeloidea) pollinating Boronia (Rutaceae: Sapindales). Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 83: 175-210, DOI: 10.3897/asp.83.e130334
AF9E0C0FEAA153F28D3C2CE52B084367.text	AF9E0C0FEAA153F28D3C2CE52B084367.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prophylactis binbin Hilton, Young & Kallies 2025	<div><p>5.4.4.2. Prophylactis binbin Hilton, Young &amp; Kallies sp. nov.</p><p>Figures 11 E, F, 13 C, 15 E, S 4 B</p><p>Description.</p><p>Grey-beige heliozelids (Fig. 11 E, F). Wingspan 6-7 mm (6.3 ± 0.4 mm, n = 7) in females and 5.5-6.5 mm (6.0 ± 0.3 mm, n = 8) in males. — Head: Metallic grey with beige tinge. Eyes dark red. — Thorax: Metallic grey-beige; metathorax darker grey. — Forewings: Dorsal surface metallic grey-beige with slight silver, gold and violet sheen; ventral surface ochre-grey through the middle of the wing with silver-grey periphery and in males a roughly elliptical patch of intensely ochre-coloured androconial scales running from just below the costa to the midline and from near the base to the middle of the wing. — Hindwings: Dorsal surface grey; ventral surface light silver-grey with ochre tinge; males without androconial brush. — Abdomen: Metallic grey. In females, abdomen modified to form a V-shaped pollen-collecting cleft, twice as long as wide, narrow posteriorly and with a short medial ridge running anterior of cleft. Inner lateral surfaces and lips of cleft and posterior end of ridge covered with spines. — Female genitalia (Fig. 13 C). — Male genitalia (Fig. 15 E). Tegumen bi-spinose, uncus strongly reduced, gnathos absent. Valva with strong elongate curve spines along costa, pectifer about 1 / 4 of valva length, pecten with 24 long and dense sensila. Transtilla with very sharp lateral spines, subapical processes V-shaped. Juxta basal area with long spines bending backwards to valva. Phallus shorter than vinculum, basal area abruptly narrowing to the end, apex forming well-sclerotised hook-like spine, phallocrypt with a pair of subapical spines pointing cephalad.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Male P. binbin sp. nov. can be distinguished from all other Prophylactis species, including the second Boronia crassifolia pollinator, P. crassifoliallax sp. nov., and the undescribed non-pollinator group species found on B. crassifolia, by the ochre patch of androconial scales on the ventral side of the forewings and the slight ochre tinge to the ventral side of both wings in males and females. Valva of male P. binbin sp. nov. with strong elongate curved spines along costa. Female P. binbin sp. nov. have a pollen-collecting structure with a short medial ridge that distinguishes it from the simpler structure found in P. crassifoliallax sp. nov. and from other pollinators.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>As suggested by Val and Tim Saggers, who live adjacent to Stirling Range National Park and have been extraordinary supporters of this project, we name this species in honour of Lexie Farmer and her family, proud Noongar people and traditional owners of the lands on which many of the moths described in this paper are found. As a child, Lexie, who tragically passed away in 2018 from cancer, was given the nickname “ binbin ” - the Noongar word for moth. The name P. binbin should be treated as a noun in apposition.</p><p>Distribution and Biology.</p><p>Prophylactis binbin sp. nov. has been found in the Stirling Ranges, around Ravensthorpe and in Fitzgerald River NP on its presumed hostplant, Boronia crassifolia, early in its flowering period between mid-August and mid-September (Fig. S 4 B). Boronia crassifolia is widely distributed and grows on sand and sandy loam from around Mt Lesueur and from the hills east of Perth to the Stirling Ranges, coastally to Twilight Cove in Nuytsland Nature Park (Duretto et al. 2013).</p><p>Boronia crassifolia is one of two Boronia species that have two Prophylactis pollinator species, P. binbin sp. nov. and P. crassifoliallax sp. nov., in addition to the two species of non-pollinator group moths.</p><p>Boronia crassifolia shows substantial variability in its flower structures (Duretto et al. 2013). Some plants have flowers with similar sized anti-petalous and anti-sepalous anthers, for example the holotype of B. multicaulis, considered a synonym of B. crassifolia, while others have minute anti-sepalous anthers, for example the holotype of B. crassifolia (Duretto et al. 2013) . Notably, Prophylactis crassifoliallax sp. nov. and P. binbin sp. nov. were found on the same plants. Their precise distribution and biology requires further study.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>All specimens were swept from Boronia crassifolia . — Holotype: ♀ (MMP 005422 in molecular phylogeny, Fig. 11 F) “ 26 August 2015, - 33.95028 ° 119.98306 °, Cave Point Carpark, Fitzgerald River NP, WA, DA Young ”. | “ On Boronia crassifolia ”. | “ Holotype ♀, Prophylactis binbin, Hilton et al. 2025 ”. | “ MMP 005422 ” (WAM, genitalia slide AK 902) . — Paratypes (9 ♀♀, 12 ♂♂): Same data as holotype except 14 / 08 / 2015, On B. crassifolia (1 ♀, 3 ♂♂); same data as holotype except 24 / 08 / 2015 (1 ♀); same data as holotype (5 ♀♀); same data as holotype except 27 / 08 / 2015, L Milla &amp; DA Young (3 ♂♂); same data as holotype except 03 / 09 / 2015 (1 ♀, 2 ♂♂); - 33.69361 ° 119.75638 °, Old Ongerup Rd, 21 km W of Ravensthorpe, 14 / 08 / 2015, L Milla &amp; DA Young (2 ♂♂, MMP 004320, MMP 005423 in molecular phylogeny, genitalia slide AK 903); same data except 17 / 08 / 2015 (1 ♀, 1 ♂); - 34.49194 ° 118.43056 °, Kojaneerup Springs Rd, Stirling Range NP, 16 / 09 / 2015, DA Young (1 ♂).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AF9E0C0FEAA153F28D3C2CE52B084367	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hilton, Douglas J.;Young, D. Andy;Milla, Liz;Jin, Mengjie;Wilcox, Stephen;Wang, Qike;Wimmer, Verena C.;Chang, Jinny;Kallies, Henning;Hall, Andie;Watowich, Marina;Busch, Carly A.;Wilcox, Jordan;Swarbrick, Aileen;Walter, Marlene;Sands, Don;Paterson, Davina;Lees, David C.;Duretto, Marco F.;Moussalli, Adnan;Halsey, Mike;Kallies, Axel	Hilton, Douglas J., Young, D. Andy, Milla, Liz, Jin, Mengjie, Wilcox, Stephen, Wang, Qike, Wimmer, Verena C., Chang, Jinny, Kallies, Henning, Hall, Andie, Watowich, Marina, Busch, Carly A., Wilcox, Jordan, Swarbrick, Aileen, Walter, Marlene, Sands, Don, Paterson, Davina, Lees, David C., Duretto, Marco F., Moussalli, Adnan, Halsey, Mike, Kallies, Axel (2025): Phylogeny and taxonomy of a new clade of Australian Heliozelidae in the genus Prophylactis Meyrick, 1897 (Lepidoptera, Adeloidea) pollinating Boronia (Rutaceae: Sapindales). Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 83: 175-210, DOI: 10.3897/asp.83.e130334
59E40AD0C0D4537797E10735401621B1.text	59E40AD0C0D4537797E10735401621B1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prophylactis clavatallax Hilton, Young & Kallies 2025	<div><p>5.4.1.5. Prophylactis clavatallax Hilton, Young &amp; Kallies sp. nov.</p><p>Figures 9 A, B, 12 E, 14 E, S 1 E, S 2 F</p><p>Description.</p><p>Metallic beige heliozelids (Fig. 9 A, B). Wingspan 8.0- 8.5 mm (8.3 ± 0.3 mm, n = 8) in females and 7.5-8.5 mm (7.9 ± 0.3 mm, n = 8) in males on B. clavata ssp. clavata and 8.0-9.0 mm (8.4 ± 0.4 mm, n = 8) in females and 7.5-8.5 mm (7.9 ± 0.4 mm, n = 8) in males on B. clavata ssp. grandis . — Head: Metallic gold beige with slight copper tinge. Eyes bright red. Thorax: Metallic beige with slight gold sheen, metathorax grey-brown. — Forewings: Dorsal surface metallic beige with slight silver-grey sheen, costa with faint golden tinge basally; ventral surface brown. — Hindwings: Dorsal surface light beige basally and brown distally; ventral surface light brown above midline with cream androconial scales below the midline; males with grey androconial brush. — Abdomen: Grey-brown. In females, modified to form a V-shaped pollen-collecting structure (Figs 12 E, S 1 E) approximately twice as long as wide; inner surfaces covered with small scales pointing anteriorly and to the midline. — Male genitalia (Fig. 14 E). Tegumen transverse with pointed posterior angles, uncus strongly reduced, gnathos hood-like. Pectinifer about 1 / 4 of valva length, pecten with 15 long sensilla. Juxta spear shaped, basal 1 / 5 forming a sharp arrow, while apical 4 / 5 slender. Phallus longer than vinculum, whole capsule slender, not narrower or expanded at base, with smooth and rounded margin. Phallus apex forming a well-sclerotised hook; phallocrypt with a pair of sharp subapical spines pointing cephalad.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Females of P. clavatallax sp. nov. are metallic beige with a V-shaped pollen-collecting structure that is lined with scales and morphologically very similar to that of P. heterophyllax sp. nov. and P. molloyax sp. nov. Identification is aided by knowledge of the hostplants, as P. clavatallax sp. nov. is one of only two species of Prophylactis associated with Boronia clavata . Male P. clavatallax sp. nov. can be distinguished from all other male pollinators by the patch of cream androconial scales on the basal half of the ventral side of the hindwing. The other species associated with B. clavata, an undescribed non-pollinator group heliozelid moth, is of a similar size and general appearance; however, females do not have a pollen-collecting structure, and males lack the hindwing androconial brush.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species name is a combination of its hostplant species name “ clavata ” and the suffix “ - allax ”.</p><p>Distribution and Biology.</p><p>This species has been found associated with the two disjunct subspecies of its hostplant, the endangered B. clavata (Fig. S 2 F). Specifically, it was found at a few sites on the banks of the Bremer River and its tributaries in Fitzgerald River NP where it is associated with the nominate subspecies B. clavata ssp. clavata (Duretto 2019) . In addition, it was found about 275 km east near Thomas Fishery, Cape Arid NP, where it is associated with B. clavata ssp. grandis (Duretto 2019), which grows in thick scrubland along drainage lines associated with a massive granite outcrop. Notably, our molecular analysis separated P. clavatallax sp. nov. into two groups according to the subspecies of the hostplant.</p><p>Several of the Bremer River sites were burnt in 2012. At one of these sites, we made extensive efforts to collect moths in 2015 and then again in 2016 when regenerating plants were 0.5 to 1 m and in full flower. Among large numbers of non-pollinator group Prophylactis moths collected at this time, there was just a single male and a single female specimen of P. clavatallax sp. nov. In 2018, at this site slightly greater numbers of P. clavatallax sp. nov. were detected among very large numbers of non-pollinator group moths. At other sites close by, P. clavatallax sp. nov. was more prevalent, though not all sites had the non-pollinator group species. In Cape Arid, where plants are much larger, both P. clavatallax sp. nov. and non-pollinator group moths were found on one cohort of Boronia, but only P. clavatallax sp. nov. were taken from a second site a little over 500 m distant.</p><p>Female P. clavatallax sp. nov. frequently have pollen adhering to the dorsal tip of their abdomens. Like in B. megastigma, B. heterophylla, B. molloyae, B. purdieana Diels and B. tetrandra Labill., the flowers of B. clavata are seldom visited by insects other than heliozelid moths. Thus, the survival of P. clavatallax sp. nov., its hostplant and that of the undescribed non-pollinator group species of Prophylactis appear to be inexorably intertwined. This web of interactions needs further exploration to determine whether the pollinator is obligate or facultative and so these relationships can be accounted for in any management plan for the plant.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>All specimens were swept from Boronia clavata . Precise locations of this moth have been withheld because the hostplant is threatened. — Holotype: ♂ (MMP 005390 in molecular phylogeny, Fig. 9 A) “ 8 September 2015, Bremer River (Site 1), Fitzgerald River NP WA, DA Young ” | “ On Boronia clavata ssp. clavata ” | “ Holotype ♂, Prophylactis clavatallax sp. nov., Hilton et al. 2025 ” | “ MMP 005390 ” (WAM) . — Paratypes (19 ♀♀, 13 ♂♂): Same data as holotype except 14 / 09 / 2015 (1 ♀); Bremer River (Site 2), Fitzgerald River NP, 19 / 09 / 2018, DA Young, B. clavata clavata (2 ♀♀, 3 ♂♂); Bremer River (Site 3), Fitzgerald River NP, 19 / 09 / 2018, DA Young, B. clavata ssp. clavata (11 ♀♀, 5 ♂♂); Bremer River (site 5), Fitzgerald River NP, 20 / 09 / 2018, DA Young, On B. clavata ssp. clavata (5 ♀♀, 5 ♂♂).</p><p>Additional material.</p><p>In Runnel Thickets, Thomas Fisheries, Cape Arid NP (NE site), 18 / 09 / 2017, DA Young, On B. clavata ssp. grandis (7 ♀♀, MMP 005381 in molecular phylogeny; 4 ♂♂, MMP 005382 in molecular phylogeny, genitalia slide AK 910); In Runnel Thickets, Thomas Fisheries, Cape Arid NP (SW site), 18 / 09 / 2017, DA Young (3 ♀♀, MMP 005380 in molecular phylogeny; 4 ♂♂, MMP 004880: sex unknown, whole specimen processed for DNA extraction).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/59E40AD0C0D4537797E10735401621B1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hilton, Douglas J.;Young, D. Andy;Milla, Liz;Jin, Mengjie;Wilcox, Stephen;Wang, Qike;Wimmer, Verena C.;Chang, Jinny;Kallies, Henning;Hall, Andie;Watowich, Marina;Busch, Carly A.;Wilcox, Jordan;Swarbrick, Aileen;Walter, Marlene;Sands, Don;Paterson, Davina;Lees, David C.;Duretto, Marco F.;Moussalli, Adnan;Halsey, Mike;Kallies, Axel	Hilton, Douglas J., Young, D. Andy, Milla, Liz, Jin, Mengjie, Wilcox, Stephen, Wang, Qike, Wimmer, Verena C., Chang, Jinny, Kallies, Henning, Hall, Andie, Watowich, Marina, Busch, Carly A., Wilcox, Jordan, Swarbrick, Aileen, Walter, Marlene, Sands, Don, Paterson, Davina, Lees, David C., Duretto, Marco F., Moussalli, Adnan, Halsey, Mike, Kallies, Axel (2025): Phylogeny and taxonomy of a new clade of Australian Heliozelidae in the genus Prophylactis Meyrick, 1897 (Lepidoptera, Adeloidea) pollinating Boronia (Rutaceae: Sapindales). Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 83: 175-210, DOI: 10.3897/asp.83.e130334
454F8CD08F6C5617A8D52169EB675806.text	454F8CD08F6C5617A8D52169EB675806.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prophylactis crassifoliallax Hilton, Young & Kallies 2025	<div><p>5.4.3.3. Prophylactis crassifoliallax Hilton, Young &amp; Kallies sp. nov.</p><p>Figures 11 A, B, 12 M, 13 B, 15 C, S 1 M, S 4 B</p><p>Description.</p><p>Metallic grey-beige heliozelids (Fig. 11 A, B). Wingspan 6-7 mm (6.4 ± 0.4 mm, n = 8) in females and 5.5-6.5 mm (6.0 ± 0.4 mm, n = 7) in males. — Head: Metallic dark beige. Eyes dark red. — Thorax: Metallic grey dorsally, metathorax darker. — Forewings: Dorsal surface metallic grey with slight silver, gold and violet sheen; ventral surface brown with slight blue tinge in some light. — Hindwings: Dorsal surface metallic light grey-beige; ventral surface light silver-grey; males without androconial brush. — Abdomen: Metallic grey. In females, abdomen modified to form a simple linear pollen-collecting structure (Figs 12 M, S 1 M). — Female genitalia (Fig. 13 B). — Male genitalia (Fig. 15 C). Tegumen with narrowly pointed posterior angle, edge weakly concave medially; uncus semicircular, about 1 / 3 of tegumen width. Pectinifer about 1 / 4 of valva length, pecten with 14 long sensilla. Transtilla medial projection hood-like, lateral arms forming sharp hook pointing to valva. Phallus simple, not expanding or narrowing at either end; phallocrypt with a pair of subapical spines pointing cephalad.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Prophylactis crassifoliallax sp. nov. is one of three species of Prophylactis found associated with B. crassifolia . Male P. crassifoliallax sp. nov. can be distinguished from P. binbin sp. nov. by the absence of the ochre patch of androconial scales on the wing, in females by the shape of the pollinator cleft and in both males and females by the ochre tinge of the ventral side of both wings. Female and male P. crassifoliallax sp. nov. can be distinguished from the undescribed non-pollinator group heliozelid on B. crassifolia by their smaller size and in females by the presence of the pollen-collecting structure on the abdomen.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species name is a combination of its hostplant species name “ crassifolia ” and the suffix “ - allax ”.</p><p>Distribution and Biology.</p><p>Prophylactis crassifoliallax sp. nov. has been found in the Stirling Ranges, around Ravensthorpe and in Fitzgerald River NP (Fig. S 4 B), early in the flowering period of its suspected hostplant, Boronia crassifolia, between mid-August and mid-September. Boronia crassifolia is widely distributed, grows on sand and sandy loam from around Mt Lesueur, and from the hills east of Perth to the Stirling Ranges, sub-coastally to Twilight Cove in Nuytsland Nature Park (Duretto et al. 2013).</p><p>Along with B. octandra, B. crassifolia is one of only two Boronia species to be associated with two Prophylactis pollinators. Further discussion of distribution and biology can be found in the description of P. binbin sp. nov.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>All specimens were swept from Boronia crassifolia . — Holotype: ♀, (MMP 004318 in molecular phylogeny, Fig. 11 B) “ 26 August 2015, - 33.95028 ° 119.98306 °, Cave Point Carpark, Fitzgerald River NP, WA, DA Young ” | “ On Boronia crassifolia ” | “ Holotype ♀, Prophylactis crassifoliallax sp. nov., Hilton et al. 2025 ” | “ MMP 004318 ” | (WAM) . — Paratypes (3 ♀♀, 13 ♂♂): Same data as holotype except 14 / 08 / 2015 (1 ♀, 2 ♂♂); same data as holotype except 24 / 08 / 2015 (1 ♀ MMP 005425 in molecular phylogeny; 7 ♂♂, MMP 005424 in molecular phylogeny, genitalia slide AK 904); same data as holotype except 03 / 09 / 2015 (2 ♂♂); - 34.49194 ° 118.43056 °, Kojaneerup Springs Rd, Stirling Range NP, 16 / 09 / 2015, DA Young (1 ♀, 2 ♂♂); Mabinup Track, Stirling Range NP, 21 / 09 / 2015, DA Young (1 ♂, MMP 004261 in molecular phylogeny, genitalia slide AK 908).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/454F8CD08F6C5617A8D52169EB675806	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hilton, Douglas J.;Young, D. Andy;Milla, Liz;Jin, Mengjie;Wilcox, Stephen;Wang, Qike;Wimmer, Verena C.;Chang, Jinny;Kallies, Henning;Hall, Andie;Watowich, Marina;Busch, Carly A.;Wilcox, Jordan;Swarbrick, Aileen;Walter, Marlene;Sands, Don;Paterson, Davina;Lees, David C.;Duretto, Marco F.;Moussalli, Adnan;Halsey, Mike;Kallies, Axel	Hilton, Douglas J., Young, D. Andy, Milla, Liz, Jin, Mengjie, Wilcox, Stephen, Wang, Qike, Wimmer, Verena C., Chang, Jinny, Kallies, Henning, Hall, Andie, Watowich, Marina, Busch, Carly A., Wilcox, Jordan, Swarbrick, Aileen, Walter, Marlene, Sands, Don, Paterson, Davina, Lees, David C., Duretto, Marco F., Moussalli, Adnan, Halsey, Mike, Kallies, Axel (2025): Phylogeny and taxonomy of a new clade of Australian Heliozelidae in the genus Prophylactis Meyrick, 1897 (Lepidoptera, Adeloidea) pollinating Boronia (Rutaceae: Sapindales). Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 83: 175-210, DOI: 10.3897/asp.83.e130334
4942298D0E8F53B589F177C16B582BA0.text	4942298D0E8F53B589F177C16B582BA0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prophylactis crenulatallax Hilton, Young & Kallies 2025	<div><p>5.4.2.1. Prophylactis crenulatallax Hilton, Young &amp; Kallies sp. nov.</p><p>Figures 3, 6 G, 9 G, H, 12 H, 14 H, S 1 H, S 3 C</p><p>Description.</p><p>Metallic grey-beige heliozelids (Fig. 9 G, H). Wingspan 6-7.5 mm (6.9 ± 0.5 mm, n = 12) in females and 6-7 mm (6.6 ± 0.4 mm, n = 10) in males. — Head: Brown grey. Eyes dark red. — Thorax: Grey. — Forewings: Dorsal surface metallic grey-beige with slight silver and violet sheen; ventral surface grey-brown with silver-grey scales toward the periphery. — Hindwings: Dorsal surface light brown-grey; ventral surface silver-grey; males without androconial brush. — Abdomen: Grey-beige. In females, abdomen modified to form a linear ‘ flytrap-like’ pollen-collecting structure (Figs 12 H, S 1 H); lips of the cleft meeting at posterior tip, widening anteriorly, possibly opening wider during pollen collection. 25-30 spines projecting at regular intervals from the rim of the cleft toward the midline to capture the pollen; outer lip also with spines. — Male genitalia (Fig. 14 H). Tegumen tapered with round posterior angles, uncus longer than wide, apical margin moderately emarginate forming two sharp posterior angles; gnathos absent. Pectinifer about 1 / 4 of valva length, pecten with 13 long sensilla. Juxta basal part spade-shaped with a sharp end. Transtilla medial projection plate narrowing towards its end. Phallus much longer than vinculum, spathulate near the base, apex forming a well-sclerotised hook; phallocrypt with a pair of strong subapical spines pointing cephalad.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Prophylactis crenulatallax sp. nov. can be distinguished from other Prophylactis species, except for P. jasperae and P. crassifoliallax, by the grey, slightly violet sheen of the forewings. This species is one of four Prophylactis associated with B. crenulata, the other three being non-pollinator group species. Female P. crenulatallax sp. nov. can be distinguished from these non-pollinator group species by the presence of the pollen-collecting structure, while males can be distinguished by the grey, slightly violet sheen of the forewings.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species name is a combination of its hostplant species name “ crenulata ” and the suffix “ - allax ”.</p><p>Distribution and Biology.</p><p>Prophylactis crenulatallax sp. nov. was found on Boronia crenulata at multiple sites between Perth and Fitzgerald River NP (Fig. S 3 C), across the whole flowering period from mid-July to mid-October. Boronia crenulata itself is widely distributed, with several taxonomically distinct forms, generally growing in sandy soils from Shark Bay in the north to Augusta in the south-west and Norseman in the east of Western Australia (Duretto et al. 2013). Flowers of B. crenulata are visited by a range of insects and the relationship between the plant and P. crenulatallax sp. nov. is likely to be facultative. The behaviour and ecology of the pollinator moth on B. crenulata, and the three non-pollinator group species of Prophylactis found on this plant merit additional study.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>All specimens were swept from Boronia crenulata, unless stated otherwise. — Holotype: ♀ (MMP 005402 in molecular phylogeny, Fig. 9 H). “ 3 October 2014, - 33.74100 ° 115.69483 °, Claymore Rd, 30 km WSW of Busselton, WA, DA Young ” | “ On Boronia crenulata ” | “ Holotype ♀, Prophylactis crenulatallax sp. nov., Hilton et al. 2025 ” | “ MMP 005402 ” (WAM) . — Paratypes (65 ♀♀, 34 ♂♂): - 34.4345 ° 117.73567 °, Stirling Ranges NP, 23 / 09 / 2011, MF Halsey, DJ Hilton &amp; DA Young (2 ♂♂); - 34.47683 ° 118.05817 °, 7 km S of Chester Pass, Stirling Range NP, 18 / 09 / 2013 (1 ♂); - 34.37083 ° 117.78600 °, Red Gum Springs Carpark, Stirling Range NP, 19 / 09 / 2013, DA Young (5 ♀♀, MMP 004321 in molecular phylogeny); same data except 21 / 09 / 2013 (8 ♀♀, 5 ♂♂); - 34.33917 ° 117.80967 °, Red Gum Pass Rd, Stirling Range NP, 19 / 09 / 2013, DA Young (1 ♀, 1 ♂, MMP 004332, genitalia slide AK 907); same data except 21 / 09 / 2013 (1 ♀); same data 19 / 09 / 2013, DA Young, MF Halsey (1 ♀, 2 ♂♂); same data 31 / 08 / 2014, DJ Hilton, A Kallies &amp; DA Young (10 ♀♀); - 34.37361 ° 117.78778 °, Red Gum Pass Springs, Stirling Range NP, 11 / 10 / 2019, DA Young (4 ♂♂); - 34.37770 ° 118.06995 °, Mt Hassell (750 m), Stirling Range NP, 25 / 10 / 2013, DA Young (1 ♂); - 34.26847 ° 117.47210 °, Mt Barker - Denmark Rd, Mt Lindesay NP, 30 / 08 / 2014, DJ Hilton, A Kallies &amp; DA Young, swept from low vegetation (1 ♀); same data except 31 / 08 / 2014 swept from low vegetation (1 ♂, MMP 004187 in molecular phylogeny); - 34.30438 ° 119.24753 °, Bremer River, Fitzgerald River NP, 01 / 09 / 2014, A Kallies &amp; DA Young (4 ♀♀, MMP 005404 in molecular phylogeny; 2 ♂♂); - 34.33788 ° 117.79582 °, Red Gum Pass Rd, Stirling Range NP, 20 / 09 / 2014, DA Young (14 ♀♀, 3 ♂♂, MMP 005403 in molecular phylogeny); - 33.74093 ° 115.69478 °, Claymore Rd, 30 km WSW of Busselton, Jarrahwood SF, 03 / 10 / 2014, DA Young (1 ♂); - 33.80340 ° 115.72577 °, Haley Formation Road, 18 km N of Nannup, Jarrahwood SF, 03 / 10 / 2014, DA Young (4 ♀♀, MMP 004328 in molecular phylogeny); - 33.42444 ° 120.21167 °, Nindilbilup Rd, 23 km NE of Ravensthorpe, 17 / 07 / 2015, L Milla &amp; DA Young (1 ♀, 1 ♂); - 33.42111 ° 120.21083 °, Nindilbilup Rd, 23 km NE of Ravensthorpe, 07 / 08 / 2015, L Milla &amp; DA Young (4 ♀♀, 1 ♂); same data except 11 / 08 / 2015 (1 ♂); - 33.59895 ° 120.07374 °, Hopetoun-Ravensthorpe Rd, 4 km SW of Ravensthorpe, 09 / 08 / 2015, L Milla &amp; DA Young (1 ♀); - 33.51087 ° 120.04148 °, Track off Floater Rd, Ravensthorpe Range, 13 / 08 / 2015, DA Young (1 ♂); - 33.78806 ° 119.51722 °, Fitzgerald Rd, 55 km W of Ravensthorpe, 14 / 08 / 2015, L Milla &amp; DA Young (6 ♀♀, 2 ♂♂); - 34.38000 ° 119.38806 °, Gordon Inlet Rd, Fitzgerald River NP, 09 / 09 / 2017, DA Young (2 ♀♀, 6 ♂♂); - 34.36583 ° 117.98083 °, Twin Hills (472 m) Stirling Range NP, 13 / 10 / 2017, DA Young (2 ♀♀).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4942298D0E8F53B589F177C16B582BA0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hilton, Douglas J.;Young, D. Andy;Milla, Liz;Jin, Mengjie;Wilcox, Stephen;Wang, Qike;Wimmer, Verena C.;Chang, Jinny;Kallies, Henning;Hall, Andie;Watowich, Marina;Busch, Carly A.;Wilcox, Jordan;Swarbrick, Aileen;Walter, Marlene;Sands, Don;Paterson, Davina;Lees, David C.;Duretto, Marco F.;Moussalli, Adnan;Halsey, Mike;Kallies, Axel	Hilton, Douglas J., Young, D. Andy, Milla, Liz, Jin, Mengjie, Wilcox, Stephen, Wang, Qike, Wimmer, Verena C., Chang, Jinny, Kallies, Henning, Hall, Andie, Watowich, Marina, Busch, Carly A., Wilcox, Jordan, Swarbrick, Aileen, Walter, Marlene, Sands, Don, Paterson, Davina, Lees, David C., Duretto, Marco F., Moussalli, Adnan, Halsey, Mike, Kallies, Axel (2025): Phylogeny and taxonomy of a new clade of Australian Heliozelidae in the genus Prophylactis Meyrick, 1897 (Lepidoptera, Adeloidea) pollinating Boronia (Rutaceae: Sapindales). Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 83: 175-210, DOI: 10.3897/asp.83.e130334
9FB80CC247285FD4ACA8656472D53489.text	9FB80CC247285FD4ACA8656472D53489.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prophylactis gracilipax Hilton, Young & Kallies 2025	<div><p>5.4.1.6. Prophylactis gracilipax Hilton, Young &amp; Kallies sp. nov.</p><p>Figures 9 C, D, 12 F, 14 F, S 1 F, S 3 A</p><p>Description.</p><p>Gold heliozelids (Fig. 9 C, D). Wingspan 8.0-9.0 mm (9.6 ± 0.4 mm, n = 5) in females and 7.5-8.5 mm (8.2 ± 0.4 mm, n = 9) in males. — Head: Gold with copper sheen; lighter ventrally. Eyes bright red. — Thorax: Gold, metathorax grey. — Forewings: Dorsal surface gold, with coppery tinge on the base of the costa; ventral surface brown. — Hindwing: Dorsal surface grey-brown; ventral surface grey; males with prominent grey-beige androconial brush. — Abdomen: Grey-brown. In females, abdomen dorsally modified to form a linear pollen-collecting structure (Figs 12 F, S 1 F) approximately twice as long as wide; inner surfaces with 30-35 stout spines projecting at regular intervals from the sides of the cleft toward the midline. Abruptly, the medially projecting spines are replaced by two rows of 10 to 15 more slender, laterally-projecting spines arising from a shallow ridge running along the midline. Posterior of the pollen-collecting structure, at the boundary of tergite VII and VIII, scales projecting laterally in clusters. — Male genitalia (Fig. 14 F). Tegumen transverse, very short; uncus well-sclerotised, tongue-shaped; gnathos less sclerotised and reduced to two short, blunt projections. Pectinifer about 1 / 4 of valva length, pecten with 20 long sensilla. Phallus basal area spoon-like. Phallus apex forming a well-sclerotised hook; phallocrypt with one sharp subapical spine pointing cephalad.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>An unmistakable species with bright gold forewings that distinguishes it from all other pollinator and non-pollinator group Prophylactis species. Females have a linear pollen-collecting structure with a unique arrangement of spines.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species name derived from its hostplant species name “ gracilipes ” and the suffix “ - allax ”.</p><p>Distribution and Biology.</p><p>Prophylactis gracilipax sp. nov. was found on Boronia gracilipes F. Muell. across much of its range from Manjimup south to Windy Harbour and east to Denmark (Fig. S 3 A). The hostplant grows in moist Karri forests from Margaret River on the west coast to Mt Manypeaks near Albany in Western Australia (Duretto et al. 2013). Prophylactis gracilipax sp. nov. was observed across the flowering period of B. gracilipes from mid-October to early December. Compared with the single non-pollinator group species of Prophylactis associated with B. gracilipes, P. gracilipax sp. nov. was never abundant, and more study is required to determine the extent of its role in pollination.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>All specimens were swept from Boronia gracilipes . — Holotype ♀ (MMP 005400 in molecular phylogeny, Fig. 9 D): “ 8 Nov 2012, - 34.80867 ° 116.90200 ° Walpole Fire Mosaic Study Site, Walpole-Nornalup NP, DA Young ” | “ On Boronia gracilipes ” | “ Holotype ♀, Prophylactis gracilipax sp. nov., Hilton et al. 2025 ” | “ MMP 005400 ” (WAM) . — Paratypes (12 ♀♀, 9 ♂♂): Same data as holotype (1 ♀); same data as holotype except 07 / 11 / 2012 (1 ♀); - 34.78167 ° 116.07333 ° Windy Harbour Rd, 7 km E of Windy Harbour, 03 / 10 / 2013 DA Young (2 ♀♀, 1 ♂); - 34.46533 ° 116.22667 °, Reserve # 13499, Wheatley Coast Rd, 4 km SW of Quinninup, 31 / 10 / 2013, DA Young (2 ♀♀, 3 ♂♂, MMP 005401 in molecular phylogeny, genitalia slide AK 915); - 34.33317 ° 116.14383 °, Karri Forest Along Track, Barlee Forrest Block, 25 km W of Manjimup, 12 / 11 / 2013, DA Young (1 ♂); - 34.97050 ° 116.75267 °, Cemetery Rd, NE of Walpole, Walpole-Nornalup NP, 03 / 12 / 2013, DA Young (1 ♂); - 34.78098 ° 116.07643 °, Windy Harbour Rd, 7 km E of Windy Harbour, 12 / 10 / 2014, DA Young (4 ♀♀, 3 ♂♂); - 34.85923 ° 117.32153 °, Corner Nutcracker &amp; Mt Lindesay Roads, 20 km NE of Denmark, 24 / 10 / 2014, DA Young (1 ♀).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9FB80CC247285FD4ACA8656472D53489	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hilton, Douglas J.;Young, D. Andy;Milla, Liz;Jin, Mengjie;Wilcox, Stephen;Wang, Qike;Wimmer, Verena C.;Chang, Jinny;Kallies, Henning;Hall, Andie;Watowich, Marina;Busch, Carly A.;Wilcox, Jordan;Swarbrick, Aileen;Walter, Marlene;Sands, Don;Paterson, Davina;Lees, David C.;Duretto, Marco F.;Moussalli, Adnan;Halsey, Mike;Kallies, Axel	Hilton, Douglas J., Young, D. Andy, Milla, Liz, Jin, Mengjie, Wilcox, Stephen, Wang, Qike, Wimmer, Verena C., Chang, Jinny, Kallies, Henning, Hall, Andie, Watowich, Marina, Busch, Carly A., Wilcox, Jordan, Swarbrick, Aileen, Walter, Marlene, Sands, Don, Paterson, Davina, Lees, David C., Duretto, Marco F., Moussalli, Adnan, Halsey, Mike, Kallies, Axel (2025): Phylogeny and taxonomy of a new clade of Australian Heliozelidae in the genus Prophylactis Meyrick, 1897 (Lepidoptera, Adeloidea) pollinating Boronia (Rutaceae: Sapindales). Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 83: 175-210, DOI: 10.3897/asp.83.e130334
79FD621ABAA05065849095FF31F82D81.text	79FD621ABAA05065849095FF31F82D81.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prophylactis heterophyllax Hilton, Young & Kallies 2025	<div><p>5.4.1.3. Prophylactis heterophyllax Hilton, Young &amp; Kallies sp. nov.</p><p>Figures 1 D, 6 C, 8 E, F, 12 C, 14 C, S 1 C, S 2 D</p><p>Description.</p><p>Metallic beige heliozelids (Fig. 8 E, F). Wingspan 6.5-8.5 mm (7.4 ± 0.8 mm, n = 18) in females and 6.5-8.0 mm (7.2 ± 0.5 mm, n = 11) in males. — Head: Beige with gold sheen. Eyes red. — Thorax: Beige-gold, metathorax darker, grey-brown in females, brown in males. — Forewings: Dorsal surface metallic beige with gold-silver sheen; ventral surface grey-brown. — Hindwing: Dorsal surface metallic grey-brown; ventral surface light grey-brown; males with prominent straw-coloured androconial brush. — Abdomen: Grey-brown in females, darker brown in males with lighter scales at tip. In males, a strip of scales running down the midline, either side of which are long spathulate scales which project at 45 °, giving the abdomen a distinctive shaggy appearance. In females, abdomen modified to form a V-shaped pollen-collecting structure (Figs 12 C, S 1 C) approximately twice as long as wide. The edges of the structure meet tightly in the posterior half and then open to form a pocket, which is covered by spines and scales, to which pollen attaches and that project medially and anteriorly, meeting at the midline. Anterior of the pollen-collecting structure is a region devoid of scales but with spines to which pollen also adheres. — Male genitalia (Fig. 14 C). Tegumen terminal edge concave, uncus near square with round angles, about half of tegumen width; gnathos absent. Pectinifer about 1 / 4 of valva length, pecten covered with 18 long sensilla. Juxta formed by two triangular sclerotised plates. Phallus gradually narrowing from the basal 1 / 5 to the end. Phallus apex forming a well-sclerotised hook; phallocrypt with one sharp subapical spine pointing cephalad.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>In females of P. heterophyllax sp. nov., the V-like pollen-collecting structure that is lined with scales distinguishes it from all other species except P. clavatallax sp. nov. and P. molloyax sp. nov., which are similar in appearance. Males are readily distinguished from other species in the genus by the shaggy appearance of the dorsal surface of the abdomen. Knowledge of hostplant or DNA barcoding sequence data aid in distinguishing females of these three species. Prophylactis heterophyllax sp. nov. is the only species in the genus associated with B. heterophylla F. Muell.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species name is derived from its hostplant species name “ heterophylla ” and the suffix “ - allax ”.</p><p>Distribution and Biology.</p><p>Prophylactis heterophyllax sp. nov. was found from the Millbrook Sate Forest, east to the Kalgan River and south to Albany (Fig. S 2 D) on Boronia heterophylla, which grows near streams between Busselton and Albany (Duretto et al. 2013). Adults were observed across the flowering period of B. heterophylla from mid-August to early October. The primary visitors are P. heterophyllax sp. nov., suggesting that it is an obligate pollinator of its hostplant.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>All specimens were swept from Boronia heterophylla . — Holotype: ♀ (MMP 005416 in molecular phylogeny, Fig. 8 F). “ 29 September 2014, - 33.88533 ° 115.52377 °, Jarrah Woodland, Margaret Rd, 18 km NW of Nannup, WA, DA Young ” | “ On Boronia heterophylla ” | “ Holotype ♀, Prophylactis heterophyllax sp. nov., Hilton et al. 2025 ” | “ MMP 005416 ” (WAM) . — Paratypes (65 ♀♀, 35 ♂♂): - 34.70967 ° 118.02333 °, Moorialup Creek, ~ 7 km E of Porongurup Range, 26 / 09 / 2013, DA Young (14 ♀♀, 1 ♂); - 34.70823 ° 118.04260 °, Moorialup Creek, ~ 7 km E of Porongurup Range, 17 / 09 / 2014, DA Young (6 ♀♀, 3 ♂♂); - 34.86212 ° 117.84743 ° Millbrook Reserve, 7 km N of Albany, 18 / 09 / 2014 DA Young (1 ♂, MMP 005417 in molecular phylogeny, genitalia slide AK 921); - 34.84795 ° 117.85295 °, Millbrook Reserve, 7 km N of Albany, 18 / 09 / 2014, DA Young (8 ♀♀, 2 ♂♂); same data as holotype (4 ♀♀, 3 ♂♂); - 33.88483 ° 115.52117 °, Margaret Rd, 18 km NW of Nannup, 08 / 10 / 2014, DA Young (10 ♀♀, 17 ♂♂); - 33.79635 ° 115.71257 °, Junction Rd, 24 km WNW of Nannup, 03 / 10 / 2014, DA Young (7 ♀♀, 7 ♂♂, MMP 005418 in molecular phylogeny); - 34.70841 ° 118.04289 °, Near Moorialup Rd, Porongurup, 20 / 08 / 2015, L Milla &amp; DA Young (14 ♀♀, 1 ♂); - 34.84795 ° 117.85295 °, Millbrook Reserve, 7 km N of Albany, 18 / 09 / 2014, DA Young (2 ♀♀).</p><p>Additional material.</p><p>- 33.79635 ° 115.71257 °, Junction Rd, 24 km WNW of Nannup, 03 / 10 / 2014, DA Young (Whole adults pooled and processed for RNA, MMP 003611 in molecular phylogeny); - 34.70841 ° 118.04289 °, Near Moorialup Rd, Porongurup, 20 / 08 / 2015, L Milla &amp; DA Young (sex unknown, whole adult processed for RNA, MMP 003124 in Milla et al. 2020).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/79FD621ABAA05065849095FF31F82D81	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hilton, Douglas J.;Young, D. Andy;Milla, Liz;Jin, Mengjie;Wilcox, Stephen;Wang, Qike;Wimmer, Verena C.;Chang, Jinny;Kallies, Henning;Hall, Andie;Watowich, Marina;Busch, Carly A.;Wilcox, Jordan;Swarbrick, Aileen;Walter, Marlene;Sands, Don;Paterson, Davina;Lees, David C.;Duretto, Marco F.;Moussalli, Adnan;Halsey, Mike;Kallies, Axel	Hilton, Douglas J., Young, D. Andy, Milla, Liz, Jin, Mengjie, Wilcox, Stephen, Wang, Qike, Wimmer, Verena C., Chang, Jinny, Kallies, Henning, Hall, Andie, Watowich, Marina, Busch, Carly A., Wilcox, Jordan, Swarbrick, Aileen, Walter, Marlene, Sands, Don, Paterson, Davina, Lees, David C., Duretto, Marco F., Moussalli, Adnan, Halsey, Mike, Kallies, Axel (2025): Phylogeny and taxonomy of a new clade of Australian Heliozelidae in the genus Prophylactis Meyrick, 1897 (Lepidoptera, Adeloidea) pollinating Boronia (Rutaceae: Sapindales). Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 83: 175-210, DOI: 10.3897/asp.83.e130334
66EB7E1D933B54E2975B59ADFEF037DB.text	66EB7E1D933B54E2975B59ADFEF037DB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prophylactis jasperae Hilton, Young, Milla & Kallies 2025	<div><p>5.4.4.1. Prophylactis jasperae Hilton, Young, Milla &amp; Kallies sp. nov.</p><p>Figures 11 C, D, 15 D, S 1 N, S 3 E</p><p>Description.</p><p>Metallic grey-beige heliozelids (Fig. 11 C, D). Wingspan 7-8 mm (7.6 ± 0.5 mm, n = 4) in females and 6.5-7.5 mm (6.8 ± 0.4 mm, n = 8) in males. — Head: Grey-beige. Eyes dark red. — Thorax: Beige. — Forewings: Dorsal surface grey-beige with slight silver and gold sheen; ventral surface grey-brown. — Hindwings: Dorsal surface grey-brown, darker than forewing; ventral surface silver-grey; males without androconial brush. — Abdomen: Females grey-brown dorsally, males brown-grey. In females, abdomen modified to form a narrow pollen-collecting structure (Fig. S 1 N) that is approximately four times as long as wide; inner surface of structure with spines which trap pollen. — Male genitalia (Fig. 15 D). Tegumen trapezoid, uncus strongly reduced to a tiny nodule underneath the tegumen; gnathos absent. Pectinifer small, less than 1 / 5 of valva length; pecten with 15 long sensilla. Transtilla without obvious medial projection plate, lateral arms bi-spinose. Juxta elongate and tube-like, with smooth and rounded basal margin, terminal area tapered. Phallus about same length as vinculum, basal area strongly enlarged, apex forming an elongate spine.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Prophylactis jasperae sp. nov. is one of two species of Prophylactis associated with B. octandra - both pollinators. Male P. jasperae sp. nov. can be distinguished from the other B. octandra pollinator, P. octandrallax sp. nov., by the absence of the androconial brush. Females can be distinguished from P. octandrallax sp. nov. by the shape of the pollen-collecting structure which is wider anteriorly.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Named in honour of Rosemary Jasper, who with husband Ron Richards, showed us great hospitality, generously shared her knowledge of local plants and allowed us to use their home in Ravensthorpe as a base for several months while observing and collecting this and other species. The name P. jasperae should be treated as a noun in the genitive case.</p><p>Distribution and Biology.</p><p>Prophylactis jasperae sp. nov. has been found on Boronia octandra in July and August around Ravensthorpe where it is sympatric with P. octandrallax sp. nov. (Fig. S 3 E). The hostplant grows in loam in a limited range from Gnowangerup to Ravensthorpe (Duretto et al. 2013).</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>All specimens were swept from Boronia octandra . — Holotype: ♀ (MMP 005388 in molecular phylogeny, Fig. 11 D) “ 18 July 2015, - 33.61947 °, 120.05178 °, Verge of Moir Rd, 4.3 km S of Ravensthorpe, WA, L Milla &amp; DA Young ” | “ On Boronia octandra ” | “ Holotype ♀, Prophylactis jasperae sp. nov., Hilton et al. 2025 ” | “ MMP 005388 ” (WAM) . — Paratypes (4 ♀♀, 6 ♂♂): Same data as holotype except 17 / 07 / 2015 (1 ♂); same data as holotype (2 ♂♂); same data as holotype except 06 / 08 / 2015 (1 ♂); same data as holotype except 12 / 08 / 2015 (1 ♂); - 33.45306 ° 120.09889 °, Along Edge of Woodenup Rd, 14 km NNE of Ravensthorpe, 11 / 08 / 2015, L Milla &amp; DA Young (1 ♂, genitalia slide AK 923, MMP 5902 photographed); same data except 15 / 08 / 2015 (4 ♀♀).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/66EB7E1D933B54E2975B59ADFEF037DB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hilton, Douglas J.;Young, D. Andy;Milla, Liz;Jin, Mengjie;Wilcox, Stephen;Wang, Qike;Wimmer, Verena C.;Chang, Jinny;Kallies, Henning;Hall, Andie;Watowich, Marina;Busch, Carly A.;Wilcox, Jordan;Swarbrick, Aileen;Walter, Marlene;Sands, Don;Paterson, Davina;Lees, David C.;Duretto, Marco F.;Moussalli, Adnan;Halsey, Mike;Kallies, Axel	Hilton, Douglas J., Young, D. Andy, Milla, Liz, Jin, Mengjie, Wilcox, Stephen, Wang, Qike, Wimmer, Verena C., Chang, Jinny, Kallies, Henning, Hall, Andie, Watowich, Marina, Busch, Carly A., Wilcox, Jordan, Swarbrick, Aileen, Walter, Marlene, Sands, Don, Paterson, Davina, Lees, David C., Duretto, Marco F., Moussalli, Adnan, Halsey, Mike, Kallies, Axel (2025): Phylogeny and taxonomy of a new clade of Australian Heliozelidae in the genus Prophylactis Meyrick, 1897 (Lepidoptera, Adeloidea) pollinating Boronia (Rutaceae: Sapindales). Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 83: 175-210, DOI: 10.3897/asp.83.e130334
3468F612E747561AB900F27DC538FC60.text	3468F612E747561AB900F27DC538FC60.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prophylactis megastigmallax Hilton, Young, Halsey, Milla & Kallies 2025	<div><p>5.4.1.1. Prophylactis megastigmallax Hilton, Young, Halsey, Milla &amp; Kallies sp. nov.</p><p>Figures 1 C, 2 C, D, 6 A, B, 6 D-F, 7 A-D, 8 A, B, 12 A, 13 A, S 1 A, S 2 B</p><p>Description.</p><p>Metallic beige heliozelids (Figs 1 C, 2 C, D, 8 A, B). Wingspan 6.5-8.5 mm (7.4 ± 0.8 mm, n = 18) in females and 6.5-8.0 mm (7.2 ± 0.5 mm, n = 11) in males. — Head: Metallic beige. Eyes red. — Thorax. Grey-brown. — Forewings: Dorsal surface light metallic beige with silver-blue sheen in some light; ventral surface grey-brown. — Hindwings: Dorsal surface grey-brown, slightly darker than forewing; ventral surface light grey-brown; males with silver-grey androconial brush. — Abdomen: Grey-brown dorsally, lighter laterally and ventrally. In females, TVII and TVIII modified to form a Y-shaped pollen-collecting structure (Figs 6 A, B, 12 A, S 1 A) approximately twice as long as wide. Scales absent from inner lateral and dorsal surfaces, which are covered in spines. Tip with spines, long setae and a pair of projections shaped like “ onion domes ” (Fig. 6 B). — Male genitalia (Fig. 13 A). Tegumen truncate with sharply pointed posterior angles; uncus broad and rounded, almost of the same width as tegumen, surface strongly sclerotised along the apical margin with narrow, extended, flattened area that curves inward; gnathos reduced to transverse band. Pectinifer about 1 / 3 of valva length, pecten covered with 15 long sensilla. Phallus apex forming one well-sclerotised hook; phallocrypt with one sharp subapical spine pointing cephalad.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Female P. megastigmallax sp. nov. can be distinguished from all other species by the unique “ Y-shaped ” pollen-collecting structure. Males are metallic beige, possess an androconial brush on the hindwing but lack androconial scales on the ventral surface of both wings, have a smooth abdomen and have simple grey forewings that lack a darker golden base. These characters separate it from all other Prophylactis except P. pulchellax sp. nov., which can be distinguished by molecular barcode sequences, the hostplant and location. Prophylactis megastigmallax sp. nov. is found in low-lying winter swamps, while P. pulchellax sp. nov. occurs on rocky slopes.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Derived from the host-plant’s specific name (megastigma) and the suffix “-allax” (ἀλλάξ = reciprocal).</p><p>Distribution and Biology.</p><p>Prophylactis megastigmallax sp. nov. was found wherever its hostplant, Boronia megastigma, grew, specifically in an area from Collie to the Kalgam River in south-western Western Australia (Fig. S 2 B). Boronia megastigma inhabits winter-wet swamps and its known wild distribution is between Harvey, about 120 km S of Perth, to Cape Riche, about 90 km NE of Albany (Duretto et al. 2013). Boronia megastigma flowers from the beginning of August to mid-September. When in flower, it is invariably associated with Prophylactis megastigmallax sp. nov. moths, often in considerable numbers. In our experience these moths are by far the most frequent visitors to its flowers. Detailed observations of the biology of this moth (Milla et al., in preparation), show that female moths are the exclusive insect visitors to the flowers and support the conclusion that P. megastigmallax sp. nov. is the obligate pollinator of B. megastigma, which was alluded to over decades but had remained undescribed (Quick 1963; MacTavish and Menary 1997; Plummer et al. 1999).</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>All specimens were swept or captured from Boronia megastigma ., unless stated otherwise. — Holotype: ♀ (MMP 005413 in molecular phylogeny, Fig. 8 B). “ 13 August 2014, - 34.38883 ° 116.64430 °, Buranganup Rd, ~ 6 km N of Lake Muir, WA, DA Young ” | “ On Boronia megastigma ”. | “ Holotype ♀, Prophylactis megastigmallax sp. nov., Hilton et al. 2025 ” | “ MMP 005413 ” (WAM) . — Paratypes (119 ♀♀, 65 ♂♂): - 33.81500 ° 115.70790 °, NW of Vasse Hwy &amp; N of Cundinup Rd, Jarrahwood SF, August 1992, B Bussell (3 ♀♀, 2 ♂♂); - 33.81500 ° 115.70717 °, Busselton-Nannup Rd, 45 km from Busselton, 09 / 09 / 2013, MF Halsey &amp; DA Young (13 ♀♀, 10 ♂♂); - 34.43217 ° 116.60567 °, 4 km W of Bird Observatory, Muir Hwy, Lake Muir, 15 / 09 / 2013, MF Halsey &amp; DA Young (1 ♀); - 34.45042 ° 116.83330 °, Noobijup Rd, Cobertup Reserve, Lake Muir, 13 / 08 / 2014, DA Young (1 ♀, 4 ♂♂); same data except 20 / 08 / 2014 (12 ♀♀, 4 ♂♂); same data as holotype (10 ♀♀, 1 ♂, MMP 005414 in molecular phylogeny); same data as holotype except 15 / 08 / 2014 (4 ♀♀, 7 ♂♂); - 34.82333 ° 116.73833 °, Coalmine Beach Track, Walpole, 19 / 08 / 2014, DA Young (17 ♀♀, 3 ♂♂); - 34.45042 ° 116.83330 °, 5 km W of Bird Observatory, Muir Hwy, Lake Muir 20 / 08 / 2014 DA Young (4 ♀♀, 2 ♂♂); - 33.81320 ° 115.71061 °, Cundinup West, 15 km N of Nannup, 26 / 08 / 2014, DA Young (6 ♀♀, 5 ♂♂); - 34.64495 ° 117.93083 °, Dorper Park Stud, Porongurup 30 / 08 / 2014, DJ Hilton, A Kallies &amp; DA Young (10 ♀♀, 3 ♂♂, MMP 005415 in molecular phylogeny); - 33.40375 ° 116.23790 °, Marble Rd, Collie, 11 / 09 / 2014, DA Young (11 ♀♀, 2 ♂♂); - 34.43889 ° 116.62806 °, Muir Hwy, Lake Muir, 03 / 08 / 2015, L Milla &amp; DA Young (3 ♀♀, 2 ♂♂); - 34.43083 ° 116.60250 °, 2 km W of Bird Observatory, Muir Hwy, Lake Muir, 31 / 08 / 2016, DA Young (3 ♀♀, 7 ♂♂); [NO GPS coordinates] Porongurup, Dorper Park Stud, 30 / 08 / 2014, A Kallies, DJ Hilton, DA Young (15 ♀♀, 8 ♂♂); - 34.70884 ° 118.04265 °, Porongurup, nr Moorialup Rd, 20 / 08 / 2015, on Boronia megastigma, L Milla, DA Young (4 ♀♀); - 34.09305 ° 116.01305 °, ~ 4.5 km ENE Donnelly Mill, DA Young (2 ♂♂); - 33.87343 ° 115.42298 °, Cnr Sue Rd and Margaret Rd, Baudin, 24 / 08 / 2018, DA Young (1 ♀, ♂); - 34.26847 ° 117.47210 °, Mt Barker / Denmark Rd, Mt Lindesay NP, 30 / 08 / 2014, DJ Hilton, A Kallies &amp; DA Young, swept from low vegetation (1 ♀, 2 ♂♂ MMP 004186 in molecular phylogeny).</p><p>Additional material.</p><p>- 34.70841 ° 118.04289 °, Near Moorialup Rd, Porongurup, 20 / 08 / 2015, L Milla &amp; DA Young (sexes unknown, two whole adults processed for RNA, MMP 003123 in Milla et al. 2020) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3468F612E747561AB900F27DC538FC60	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hilton, Douglas J.;Young, D. Andy;Milla, Liz;Jin, Mengjie;Wilcox, Stephen;Wang, Qike;Wimmer, Verena C.;Chang, Jinny;Kallies, Henning;Hall, Andie;Watowich, Marina;Busch, Carly A.;Wilcox, Jordan;Swarbrick, Aileen;Walter, Marlene;Sands, Don;Paterson, Davina;Lees, David C.;Duretto, Marco F.;Moussalli, Adnan;Halsey, Mike;Kallies, Axel	Hilton, Douglas J., Young, D. Andy, Milla, Liz, Jin, Mengjie, Wilcox, Stephen, Wang, Qike, Wimmer, Verena C., Chang, Jinny, Kallies, Henning, Hall, Andie, Watowich, Marina, Busch, Carly A., Wilcox, Jordan, Swarbrick, Aileen, Walter, Marlene, Sands, Don, Paterson, Davina, Lees, David C., Duretto, Marco F., Moussalli, Adnan, Halsey, Mike, Kallies, Axel (2025): Phylogeny and taxonomy of a new clade of Australian Heliozelidae in the genus Prophylactis Meyrick, 1897 (Lepidoptera, Adeloidea) pollinating Boronia (Rutaceae: Sapindales). Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 83: 175-210, DOI: 10.3897/asp.83.e130334
1C34A61FB7FC58B29A7011816EAE9FBD.text	1C34A61FB7FC58B29A7011816EAE9FBD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prophylactis Meyrick 1897	<div><p>5.1. Prophylactis Meyrick, 1897 stat. rev.</p><p>Prophylactis Meyrick, 1897: 408. Type species: Prophylactis argochalca Meyrick, 1897, by original designation.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Cream-white, grey-beige, or metallic beige with metallic gold, silver and sometimes violet sheen. Wingspan 4 to 9 mm. — Head: Uniformly cream, yellow, beige or light brown coloured, lighter ventrally; clothed with appressed lamellar scales (Fig. 6 C). Roughly triangular in lateral view, hemispherical in dorsal and ventral view (Fig. 6 D). Anterior edge of head capsule arched, with indents adjacent to eyes and below anterior tentorial pits, which are prominent. Scales on the occiput spathulate with indented apex, forming a collar at the boundary with the prothorax (Fig. 6 C). Scales on the frons large and partially covering the mouthparts (Fig. 6 C, D), while on the vertex larger and more spathulate. Labrum small and triangular; without pilifers. Mandibles vestigial or absent. Maxilla consisting of an ovoid “ basal piece ” (Kristensen 1999), likely the fused cardio and stipes, on which are small four-segmented palps and a well-developed proboscis that is unscaled and much longer than labial palps but sometimes coiled and obscured by scales. Labium bearing porrect three-segmented labial palps. Segments cylindrical with length ratio approximately 2: 1: 2, and the terminal segment with notch at apex. Labial palps surface covered with dense scales, cream on the base segment, while brownish on the apical two. Eyes red (Fig. 1 D) extending to the ventral margin of the head capsule and past the lateral and posterior margins (Fig. 6 D); intra-ommatidial setae present anteroventrally (Fig. 6 E). Antennae approximately two-thirds the length of forewing; scapes and pedicels cylindrical, similar in length and twice as long as flagellomeres; 25 to 35 cylindrical flagellomeres with two annuli containing 8 sets of 5 overlapping scales in the basal ring and 8 sets of 4 to 7 overlapping scales in the distal ring (Fig. 6 F). — Thorax: Dorsal surface of prothorax and mesothorax uniformly cream, yellow, beige or light brown with a metallic sheen; similar colour as the head and the basal margin of the costa on the forewings; dorsal surface of metathorax darker and similar in colour to dorsal surface of abdomen; all segments lighter laterally and ventrally. — Legs: Legs brown with metallic sheen dorsally, cream ventrally; spur formula 0-2 - 4; protibia with large epiphysis; cream tibial brush present on hind legs of both males and females (Fig. 10 G, H). — Wings: Forewings lanceolate. Hindwings falcate with distal half of costa concave. Dorsal surface of forewings ranging in colour from cream, grey-beige, to beige with silver or gold sheen, sometimes with faint blue shine and some species with scattered lighter and darker scales; dorsum without spots or fasciae, except for a highly distinctive undescribed species from Western Australia. Ventral surface generally light brown or brown; fringe of similar colour as dorsal surface. Dorsal surface of hindwings generally slightly darker than forewing, beige or light brown with less silver or gold sheen than forewing; ventral surface grey to grey-brown, lighter than ventral surface of forewing, and patches black, cream or yellow androconial scales present in some species ( P. molloyax sp. nov., P. clavatallax sp. nov. and P. binbin sp. nov.) and an androconial brush found more widely (Fig. 7 H); fringe same colour as dorsal surface. In some species, males with 15-20 flattened androconial scales (similar in length to the frenulum) forming a brush and originating from the dorsal surface of hindwings just below the costal margin distal of the frenulum for half the length of the wings (Fig. 7 H). — Wing coupling: In males, frenula composed of a single bristle of approximately 1 / 3 length of hindwing (Fig. 7 A, B, E, F); while approximately 15-20 pseudofrenular bristles present along the costa, each about 2 / 3 the length of the frenula. Retinacula formed from a series of scales and hooks running above Sc from base to midway along the costal margin. In female, frenula absent but with 15 to 20 pseudofrenular bristles. — Wing venation: Forewings (Sc, Rs 1 to Rs 4, M, CuA 1 and 1 A + 2 A) and hindwings (Sc + R 1, Rs, M 1, M 2, M 3, CuA 1, CuA 2 and 1 A + 2 A) with eight terminal veins (Fig. 7 A-E). Venation similar throughout the genus with minor differences on forewings between and within species in: (i) strength of cross veins, resulting in cell being closed (Fig. 7 B) or open (Fig. 7 D) and (ii) position of cross veins being either before (Fig. 7 B) or after the Rs 2 branch. — Abdomen: Grey-brown to brown dorsally, sometimes metallic beige; cream ventrally. In both males and females, tergites covered with small deeply serrated scales, becoming less numerous on posterior tergites, especially tergites VII and VIII (in males). On each tergite, scales larger but less serrated and appear lighter toward the posterior margin (Fig. 6 G). Sternum (S) IIa butterfly-shaped with a central line of stronger sclerotization. SIIp U-shaped with thin apodemes extending anterior of SIIa. SIII to SVI in female rectangular, more heavily sclerotized than tergites. Tergite (T) I trapezoidal with narrower anterior margin; surface membranous but with strong marginal sclerotization along the anterior edge at point of articulation with metathorax, lateral edges, and lateral parts of posterior margin. TII trapezoidal, wider anteriorly with stronger sclerotization of the anterior part of the lateral margin. TIII to TVI rectangular to roughly square. — Abdomen males: Scales projecting from posterior margin of tergite VIII partly covering the valvae (Fig. 6 G). — Abdomen females: Unmodified (Fig. 6 H) or with TVII and TVIII modified to form pollen-collecting structures (Figs 6 A, B, 12, S 1). — Female genitalia: (Fig. 13). SVIII weakly truncate at terminal end. Tip of oviscapt sharply pointed; anterior and posterior apophyses usually subequal in length, a long interapodemal process present between anterior apophyses. In some species, anterior apophyses weakly bent inward near apical 1 / 3. In some species, the tip of posterior apophyses with oval sclerotised plate, the plate surface covered with short, dense, strong spines. — Male genitalia: (Figs 14, 15). Vinculum (SIX) long and wide, forming a half-cone, approximately 2 / 3 of total length of genitalia. Tegumen (TIX) short, truncate or slightly trapezoid, uncus and gnathos differ between species. Valva almost triangular, distally narrowed with blunt terminal ends, with stalked pectinifer at apical 1 / 2-1 / 3 of inner margin, pecten covered with dense blunt comb-like sensilla. Transtilla elongate arch-like, median area usually with broad projection, subapical processes long. Juxta present, arrow shape to spathulate. Phallus simple, usually straight and very long, basal margin smooth, apex usually forming a sharp hook or spine. Phallocrypt covered with very dense, sclerotised, short but sharp spines, usually with one or two subapical spines.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Species in the genus Prophylactis can be readily distinguished from other genera of Australian Heliozelidae by their plain forewings, that lack any fasciae or spots (Figs 2 C, D, 4 A-D, 8 – 11), and their red eyes. Hoplophanes Meyrick 1897, from which we have resurrected Prophylactis from synonymy, and Pseliastis Meyrick 1987, which like Prophylactis are found associated with Rutaceae, have black not red eyes. Pseliastis almost invariably have a fascia at the midpoint of the forewing and often additional medial and distal bands. Hoplophanes often, but not always, have forewings with fasciae. Wing venation is also useful in distinguishing the three genera. Prophylactis species (Fig. 7 A-E) can be separated from Hoplophanes (Fig. 7 F) by the forewing, which lacks R 1 and one branch of CuA, and the hindwing which has Rs stalked to M near the apical area and Rs-M cross veins absent. Prophylactis species can be separated from Pseliastis (Fig. 7 G) by hindwing CuA, which always has two branches, but only one in Pseliastis .</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The appearance of Prophylactis moths depends on the direction and nature of the light. Thus, live moths in their natural environment (Fig. 1 C-E) appear quite different to set specimens under artificial light (Figs 8 – 11). Furthermore, the colour depends on the wear of specimen, with fresh specimens appearing lighter, while worn specimens due to the loss of the superficial scales appear darker. The descriptions here are for set moths in good condition.</p><p>Life history.</p><p>Pollinator and non-pollinator group species of Prophylactis appear to be highly hostplant specific, being associated with a single species of Boronia, or in the case of some undescribed non-pollinator group Prophylactis species, associated with a single species of Cyanothamnus or Zieria . Females were observed to oviposit directly into flowers. P. megastigmallax sp. nov. places its eggs individually at the base of the reduced antipetalous anther on the ovary surface. Larvae emerge from the ovary base and eat their way into the seed they are feeding on basally through the early seed pod. Examination of seedheads containing more advanced larvae showed they usually consume only a single seed per larva. On achieving maturity in late spring or early summer, the larvae were observed emerging from an ovoid hole at the base of the seed within which they had developed. The larvae then dropped onto the soil where they crawled briefly, before burying themselves and becoming prepupal in a firm, sub-surface cocoon. Similar observations were made on a different non-pollinator species of Prophylactis, which develops in the seedheads of Zieria arborescens Sims.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Prophylactis species, like their hostplants, are widely distributed across Australia, being found in Western Australia from Kalbarri in the north to Cape Arid in the south, across South Australia and on the east coast from near Charters Towers in Queensland, throughout New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania. With additional collecting efforts it is almost certain that the distribution will expand. The Boronia - pollinating species of Prophylactis, described below, are found exclusively in southern Western Australia where their hostplants grow (Figs S 2 B-F, S 3, S 4); however, B. crassifolia is found close to the border with South Australia and both the plant and its associated moths may be found in that state (Duretto et al. 2013).</p><p>Composition of the genus.</p><p>At present we include the following species in the genus: P. argochalca (the type species), P. aglaodora comb. rev., P. chalcopetala comb. rev., P. memoranda comb. rev. and the 15 species described below. While P. aglaodora and P. chalcopetala appear to be typical non- pollinator group species of the genus likely to be associated with Boronia, P. memoranda does not appear to be closely related to other species in the genus. Its precise position will be subject of a future revision of the family.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C34A61FB7FC58B29A7011816EAE9FBD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hilton, Douglas J.;Young, D. Andy;Milla, Liz;Jin, Mengjie;Wilcox, Stephen;Wang, Qike;Wimmer, Verena C.;Chang, Jinny;Kallies, Henning;Hall, Andie;Watowich, Marina;Busch, Carly A.;Wilcox, Jordan;Swarbrick, Aileen;Walter, Marlene;Sands, Don;Paterson, Davina;Lees, David C.;Duretto, Marco F.;Moussalli, Adnan;Halsey, Mike;Kallies, Axel	Hilton, Douglas J., Young, D. Andy, Milla, Liz, Jin, Mengjie, Wilcox, Stephen, Wang, Qike, Wimmer, Verena C., Chang, Jinny, Kallies, Henning, Hall, Andie, Watowich, Marina, Busch, Carly A., Wilcox, Jordan, Swarbrick, Aileen, Walter, Marlene, Sands, Don, Paterson, Davina, Lees, David C., Duretto, Marco F., Moussalli, Adnan, Halsey, Mike, Kallies, Axel (2025): Phylogeny and taxonomy of a new clade of Australian Heliozelidae in the genus Prophylactis Meyrick, 1897 (Lepidoptera, Adeloidea) pollinating Boronia (Rutaceae: Sapindales). Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 83: 175-210, DOI: 10.3897/asp.83.e130334
3DB78A372F2A5ABD89B298596604C471.text	3DB78A372F2A5ABD89B298596604C471.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prophylactis molloyax Hilton, Young & Kallies 2025	<div><p>5.4.1.4. Prophylactis molloyax Hilton, Young &amp; Kallies sp. nov.</p><p>Figures 7 H, 8 G, H, 12 D, 13 A, 14 D, S 1 D, S 2 E</p><p>Description.</p><p>Metallic beige-gold heliozelids (Fig. 8 G, H). Wingspan of 6.5-8.5 mm (7.5 ± 0.7 mm, n = 10) in females and 7-7.5 mm (n = 2) in males. — Head: Beige with gold sheen. Eyes red. — Thorax: Beige-gold, metathorax darker, grey-brown in females, brown in males. — Forewings: Dorsal surface metallic beige-gold with silver sheen; ventral surface grey-brown. Males with a triangular patch of black androconial scales on the ventral side of the forewing, extending from just below the costa to Cu and from the base to nearly half length of the wing. — Hindwings: Dorsal surface grey-brown; ventral surface light grey-brown; males with an elliptical patch of similar black androconial scales present above the midline on the dorsal side of the hindwing, extending from just distal of the base to the basal 1 / 4, and anterior margin with a prominent straw-coloured androconial brush. — Abdomen: Brown dorsally, cream ventrally. In females, abdomen modified to form a V-shaped pollen-collecting structure (Figs 12 D, S 1 D), approximately twice as long as wide; inner surface covered with spines and scales that project medially and anteriorly meeting at the midline and to which pollen attaches; central plate covered with striations and spines. — Female genitalia (Fig. 13 A). — Male genitalia (Fig. 14 D). Tegumen emarginate at the middle, with tiny, rounded uncus reaching to the posterior edge of the tegumen; gnathos strongly reduced to a narrow sclerotised band. Pectinifer about 1 / 3 of valva length, pecten covered with 17 long sensilla. Juxta elongate triangular, slender and sharp at the base. Phallus weakly tapered at the base. Phallus apex forming a well-sclerotised hook; phallocrypt with one sharp subapical spine pointing cephalad.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Female P. molloyax sp. nov. have a V-shaped scale-lined pollen-collecting structure that distinguishes it from all species except P. heterophyllax sp. nov. and P. clavatallax sp. nov. Males are easily distinguished from all other Prophylactis, including the non-pollinator group Prophylactis species also on found on B. molloyae J. Dumm., by the presence of dark brown patches of androconial scales on the ventral side of the forewing and dorsal side of the hindwing. Prophylactis heterophyllax and P. molloyax occur sympatrically, and knowledge of hostplant or DNA barcoding can be used to distinguish females of these two species. Prophylactis clavatallax sp. nov. occurs further east, only near Bremer River and Cape Arid.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species name is derived from its hostplant species name “ molloyae ” and the suffix “ - allax ”.</p><p>Distribution and Biology.</p><p>Prophylactis molloyax sp. nov. was found at several locations inland from Waroona in the west of its range to Mt Lindesay National Park in the east, Nannup in the north and to Walpole in the south (Fig. S 2 E). The moth is found on Boronia molloyae, which grows along streams between Gingin and Albany in south-western Australia (Duretto et al. 2013). Prophylactis molloyax sp. nov. was observed wherever its hostplant is in flower between mid-October and early November. The turbinate flowers of B. molloyae are visited almost exclusively by P. molloyax sp. nov. and an undescribed non-pollinator group Prophylactis species, suggesting a probable obligate pollination relationship with the pollinator species.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>All specimens were swept from Boronia molloyae . — Holotype ♀ (MMP 005419 in molecular phylogeny, Fig. 8 H): “ 28 October 2014, - 33.80283 ° 115.72695 °, Hayley Formation Rd, 20 km N of Nannup, WA, DA Young ” | “ On Boronia molloyae ” | “ Holotype ♀, Prophylactis molloyax sp. nov., Hilton et al. 2025 ” | “ MMP 005419 ” (WAM) . — Paratypes (86 ♀♀, 4 ♂♂): - 33.80267 ° 115.72483 °, Cundunup Hill, Halley Formation Rd, 13 km N of Nannup, 08 / 11 / 2013, DA Young (11 ♀♀): - 34.97460 ° 116.72712 °, Bibbulmun Track, Walpole, 16 / 10 / 2014, DA Young (16 ♀♀); same data as holotype (15 ♀♀, 2 ♂♂, MMP 005420 in molecular phylogeny, genitalia slide AK 900); Federal Gully, 16 km E of Waroona, 31 / 10 / 2014, DA Young (14 ♀♀, 1 ♂); - 32.93778 ° 116.03913 °, Willowdale, 14 km E of Yarloop, 31 / 10 / 2014 DA Young (10 ♀♀); - 32.99080 ° 116.09185 °, Tallanalla, 22 km E of Harvey, 31 / 10 / 2014, DA Young (19 ♀♀, MMP 005421 in molecular phylogeny, genitalia slide AK 901); - 32.98250 ° 116.07417 °, Nanga Swamp, Lane Pool Reserve, 4 / 11 / 2019, M Health &amp; DA Young (1 ♂); same data except 2 / 11 / 2019, DJ Hilton &amp; DA Young (1 ♀).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3DB78A372F2A5ABD89B298596604C471	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hilton, Douglas J.;Young, D. Andy;Milla, Liz;Jin, Mengjie;Wilcox, Stephen;Wang, Qike;Wimmer, Verena C.;Chang, Jinny;Kallies, Henning;Hall, Andie;Watowich, Marina;Busch, Carly A.;Wilcox, Jordan;Swarbrick, Aileen;Walter, Marlene;Sands, Don;Paterson, Davina;Lees, David C.;Duretto, Marco F.;Moussalli, Adnan;Halsey, Mike;Kallies, Axel	Hilton, Douglas J., Young, D. Andy, Milla, Liz, Jin, Mengjie, Wilcox, Stephen, Wang, Qike, Wimmer, Verena C., Chang, Jinny, Kallies, Henning, Hall, Andie, Watowich, Marina, Busch, Carly A., Wilcox, Jordan, Swarbrick, Aileen, Walter, Marlene, Sands, Don, Paterson, Davina, Lees, David C., Duretto, Marco F., Moussalli, Adnan, Halsey, Mike, Kallies, Axel (2025): Phylogeny and taxonomy of a new clade of Australian Heliozelidae in the genus Prophylactis Meyrick, 1897 (Lepidoptera, Adeloidea) pollinating Boronia (Rutaceae: Sapindales). Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 83: 175-210, DOI: 10.3897/asp.83.e130334
BAF281ECD24156CB904D79EF1D8C4BEB.text	BAF281ECD24156CB904D79EF1D8C4BEB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prophylactis octandrallax Hilton, Young, Milla & Kallies 2025	<div><p>5.4.2.3. Prophylactis octandrallax Hilton, Young, Milla &amp; Kallies sp. nov.</p><p>Figures 10 C, D, 12 J, 14 J, S 1 J, S 3 E</p><p>Description.</p><p>Metallic grey-beige heliozelids with slight golden sheen (Fig. 10 C, D). Wingspan 7-7.5 mm (7.1 ± 0.2 mm, n = 8) in females and 6.5-7.5 mm (6.9 ± 0.3 mm, n = 10) in males. — Head: Grey-beige. Eyes dark red. — Thorax: Grey-beige dorsally. — Forewings: Dorsal surface of forewing metallic grey-beige with slight golden sheen; ventral surface grey-brown. — Hindwings: Dorsal surface of hindwing grey-brown, darker than forewing; ventral surface silver-grey; males with prominent grey-brown androconial brush. — Abdomen: Females grey dorsally, males brown-grey. In females, abdomen modified to form a very long, narrow pollen-collecting structure (Figs 12 J, S 1 J), which in dry specimens appears as narrow anteriorly as at the posterior tip. Lips of the structure overlapping so that the cleft appears closed in dry specimens; likely opening wider during pollen collection. Inner surface of structure with spines which trap pollen. — Male genitalia (Fig. 14 J). Tegumen weakly emarginate at the middle, uncus about half of tegumen width. Pectinifer about 1 / 4 of valva length, pecten with 12 sensilla. Transtilla subapical processes short, about same length as the medial projection plate. Phallus longer than vinculum, apex deeply emarginate forming two projecting plates; phallocrypt with a pair of subapical spines pointing cephalad.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Female P. octandrallax sp. nov. can be distinguished from all other Prophylactis pollinators by the shape of its pollen-collecting structure, which is linear and closed with overlapping lips in dry specimens. Males can be distinguished from all other species, except its sister species, P. albiflorallax sp. nov., by the presence of the androconial brush and grey forewing with slightly violet shine. Distinguishing males of P. octandrallax sp. nov. and P. albiflorallax sp. nov. requires either knowledge of the hostplant or the DNA barcoding sequences. It can be distinguished from the second Prophylactis species associated with B. octandra, P. jasperae sp. nov., by an androconial brush on the hindwing present in males and the very long and narrow pollen-collecting structure of the females.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species name is a combination of its hostplant species name “ octandra ” and the suffix “ - allax ”.</p><p>Distribution and Biology.</p><p>Prophylactis octandrallax sp. nov. is associated with Boronia octandra and was found around the Ravensthorpe district, where it occurs sympatrically with P. jasperae sp. nov. in July and August (Fig. S 3 E). While relatively few moths of either species were noted around the plants, few, if any other insect visitors were observed visiting the greenish to dull pink flowers. The hostplant grows in loam in a limited range from Gnowangerup to Ravensthorpe (Duretto et al. 2013).</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>All specimens were swept from Boronia octandra . — Holotype: ♀ (MMP 004335 in molecular phylogeny). “ 17 July 2015, - 33.6187 °, 120.0524 ° Verge of Moir Rd, 4.5 km S of Ravensthorpe, WA, L Milla &amp; DA Young ” | “ On Boronia octandra ” | “ Holotype ♀, Prophylactis octandrallax sp. nov., Hilton et al. 2025 ” | “ MMP 004335 ” (WAM) . — Paratypes (5 ♀♀, 20 ♂♂): Same data as holotype (1 ♀, 3 ♂♂, MMP 005389 in molecular phylogeny); same data as holotype except 18 / 07 / 2015 (2 ♀♀, 12 ♂♂, genitalia slide AK 928, MMP 4829, MMP 004336 in molecular phylogeny); same data except as holotype 06 / 08 / 2015 (1 ♂); same data as holotype except 12 / 08 / 2015 (2 ♂♂); - 34.30438 ° 119.24753 °, Ravensthorpe Range 6 km NE of Ravensthorpe, 23 / 07 / 2015, L Milla &amp; DA Young (1 ♂, MMP 004292 in molecular phylogeny); - 33.45306 ° 120.09889 °, Along Edge of Woodenup Rd, 14 km NNE of Ravensthorpe, 11 / 08 / 2015, L Milla &amp; DA Young (1 ♀); same data except 15 / 08 / 2015 (1 ♀; 1 ♂).</p><p>Additional material.</p><p>- 33.6187 ° 120.0524 ° Verge of Moir Rd, 4 to 5 km S of Ravensthorpe, 06 / 08 / 2015, L Milla &amp; DA Young (sex unknown, processed for RNA extraction, MMP 003158 in molecular phylogeny); - 33.45306 ° 120.09889 °, Along Edge of Woodenup Rd, 14 km NNE of Ravensthorpe, 19 / 07 / 2017, L Milla &amp; A Swarbrick (♀ processed for DNA extraction, MMP 004818 in molecular phylogeny).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BAF281ECD24156CB904D79EF1D8C4BEB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hilton, Douglas J.;Young, D. Andy;Milla, Liz;Jin, Mengjie;Wilcox, Stephen;Wang, Qike;Wimmer, Verena C.;Chang, Jinny;Kallies, Henning;Hall, Andie;Watowich, Marina;Busch, Carly A.;Wilcox, Jordan;Swarbrick, Aileen;Walter, Marlene;Sands, Don;Paterson, Davina;Lees, David C.;Duretto, Marco F.;Moussalli, Adnan;Halsey, Mike;Kallies, Axel	Hilton, Douglas J., Young, D. Andy, Milla, Liz, Jin, Mengjie, Wilcox, Stephen, Wang, Qike, Wimmer, Verena C., Chang, Jinny, Kallies, Henning, Hall, Andie, Watowich, Marina, Busch, Carly A., Wilcox, Jordan, Swarbrick, Aileen, Walter, Marlene, Sands, Don, Paterson, Davina, Lees, David C., Duretto, Marco F., Moussalli, Adnan, Halsey, Mike, Kallies, Axel (2025): Phylogeny and taxonomy of a new clade of Australian Heliozelidae in the genus Prophylactis Meyrick, 1897 (Lepidoptera, Adeloidea) pollinating Boronia (Rutaceae: Sapindales). Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 83: 175-210, DOI: 10.3897/asp.83.e130334
7F691531D7DF567BBD82B393A5959DC9.text	7F691531D7DF567BBD82B393A5959DC9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prophylactis pulchellax Hilton, Young & Kallies 2025	<div><p>5.4.1.7. Prophylactis pulchellax Hilton, Young &amp; Kallies sp. nov.</p><p>Figures 9 E, F, 12 G, 14 G, S 1 G, S 3 B</p><p>Description.</p><p>Metallic beige-gold heliozelids (Fig. 9 E, F). Wingspan 7.0-8.0 mm (7.7 ± 0.3 mm, n = 12) in females and 6.0-8.0 mm (6.9 ± 0.6 mm, n = 12) in males. — Head: Metallic beige-gold. Eyes bright red. — Thorax: Metallic beige-gold dorsally, metathorax darker. — Forewings: Dorsal surface metallic beige-gold; ventral surface brown. — Hindwings: Dorsal surface brown; ventral surface silver-grey, cream toward the basal; males with a prominent dark grey androconial brush. — Abdomen: Grey. Males with beige-gold scales at dorsal tip; females brown at dorsal tip. In female, abdomen modified to form a V-shaped pollen-collecting structure (Figs 12 G, S 1 G), more than twice as long as wide; inner surface covered by spines and scales that project medially meeting at the midline to which pollen attaches. — Male genitalia (Fig. 14 G). Tegumen terminal edge weakly concave, uncus narrow, about 1 / 3 of tegumen width; gnathos absent. Transtilla medial projection plate nearly circular. Pectinifer about 1 / 4 of valva length, pecten with 14 sensilla. Phallus much longer than vinculum, basal part slightly narrowing towards the end. Phallus apical spine weakly curved, with one sharp erect seta near its base; phallocrypt with one sharp subapical spine pointing cephalad.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Female P. pulchellax sp. nov. can be separated from most of the Prophylactis species, except P. molloyax sp. nov. and P. heterophyllax sp. nov., by having a V-shaped scale-lined pollen-collecting structure, and by the metallic beige forewings, which lack a basal darker golden region. Male P. pulchellax sp. nov. can be separated from other Prophylactis species (except P. megastigmallax sp. nov.), by the following characters: dorsum metallic beige, androconial brush present, androconial scales absent, scales on abdominal tergites smooth rather than shaggy. Further, P. pulchellax sp. nov. can be easily distinguished from other morphologically similar species by its location, as it is tightly associated with B. pulchella Turcz., which grows on rocky slopes, while the other species are found in winter swamps and along creek lines.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species name is derived from its hostplant species name “ pulchella ” and the suffix “ - allax ”.</p><p>Distribution and Biology.</p><p>Prophylactis pulchellax sp. nov. was observed in the Stirling Ranges in most areas where Boronia pulchella grows (Fig. S 3 B). The moth was found during mid-October on many peaks in the Stirling Ranges including Mt Hassell, Yungamere Peak, Toolbrunup Peak, Mt Trio and Bluff Knoll. Boronia pulchella has previously been found in the Porongurup Ranges (Duretto et al. 2013); however, since a catastrophic fire in 2008, it has not been recorded. A range of other insects were observed to visit B. pulchella flowers, though this moth is a dominant visitor to this plant and is clearly an important pollinator.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>All specimens were swept from Boronia pulchella . — Holotype: ♀ (MMP 005407 in molecular phylogeny, Fig. 9 F). “ 25 October 2013, - 34.37770 ° 118.06995 °, Mt Hassell (750 m), Stirling Ranges NP WA, DA Young ” | “ On Boronia pulchella ” | “ Holotype ♀, Prophylactis pulchellax sp. nov., Hilton et al. 2025 ” | “ MMP 005407 ” (WAM) . — Paratypes (60 ♀♀, 35 ♂♂): Same data as holotype (4 ♀♀, 7 ♂♂, MMP 005408 in molecular phylogeny); - 34.39433 ° 118.13833 °, NW Gully, Yungamere Peak, Stirling Range NP 25 / 10 / 2013, P. Langlands &amp; DA Young (1 ♀); same data except DA Young (1 ♀, MMP 4341 in molecular phylogeny; 1 ♂); - 34.37833 ° 118.07462 °, Mt Hassell (635 m), Stirling Range NP, 20 / 10 / 2014, DA Young (1 ♂); - 34.37815 ° 118.06857 °, Western Saddle of Mt Hassell (700 m), Stirling Range NP, 21 / 10 / 2014, DA Young (2 ♂♂, - 34.37778 ° 118.06917 °, Western Saddle of Mt Hassell (733 m), Stirling Range NP, 15 / 10 / 2017, DA Young (2 ♀♀, 4 ♂♂, genitalia slide AK 922); - 34.39278 ° 118.06135 °, 100-500 m W of Carpark, Toolbrunup Peak (520 m), Stirling Range NP, 19 / 10 / 2017, DA Young (10 ♀♀, 15 ♂♂, MMP 5409, MMP 6409); - 34.39444 ° 118.13889 °, Western Scree, Yungamere Peak (585 m), Stirling Range NP, 20 / 10 / 2017, DA Young (8 ♀♀, 1 ♂); - 34.39444 ° 118.13833 °, Western Scree, Yungamere Peak (563 m), Stirling Range NP, 20 / 10 / 2017, DA Young (7 ♀♀, MMP 5411 in molecular phylogeny; 2 ♂♂, MMP 5412 in molecular phylogeny). - 34.35 ° 118.10 °, Mt Trio, Stirling Range NP, 03 / 10 / 2019, DA Young (8 ♀♀, 2 ♂♂); - 34.40639 ° 117.95250 ° Talyuberlup Trail, Stirling Range NP, 13 / 10 / 2022, DA Young (9 ♀♀); - 34.38111 118.2500, W Gully Bluff Knoll, Stirling Range NP, 18 / 10 / 2019 (10 ♀♀).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F691531D7DF567BBD82B393A5959DC9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hilton, Douglas J.;Young, D. Andy;Milla, Liz;Jin, Mengjie;Wilcox, Stephen;Wang, Qike;Wimmer, Verena C.;Chang, Jinny;Kallies, Henning;Hall, Andie;Watowich, Marina;Busch, Carly A.;Wilcox, Jordan;Swarbrick, Aileen;Walter, Marlene;Sands, Don;Paterson, Davina;Lees, David C.;Duretto, Marco F.;Moussalli, Adnan;Halsey, Mike;Kallies, Axel	Hilton, Douglas J., Young, D. Andy, Milla, Liz, Jin, Mengjie, Wilcox, Stephen, Wang, Qike, Wimmer, Verena C., Chang, Jinny, Kallies, Henning, Hall, Andie, Watowich, Marina, Busch, Carly A., Wilcox, Jordan, Swarbrick, Aileen, Walter, Marlene, Sands, Don, Paterson, Davina, Lees, David C., Duretto, Marco F., Moussalli, Adnan, Halsey, Mike, Kallies, Axel (2025): Phylogeny and taxonomy of a new clade of Australian Heliozelidae in the genus Prophylactis Meyrick, 1897 (Lepidoptera, Adeloidea) pollinating Boronia (Rutaceae: Sapindales). Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 83: 175-210, DOI: 10.3897/asp.83.e130334
4D88E34D3E5459329733E10442B9C491.text	4D88E34D3E5459329733E10442B9C491.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prophylactis purdieanallax Hilton, Young & Kallies 2025	<div><p>5.4.3.1. Prophylactis purdieanallax Hilton, Young &amp; Kallies sp. nov.</p><p>Figures 10 E, F, 12 K, 15 A, S 1 K,, S 3 F</p><p>Description.</p><p>Cream-white heliozelids (Fig. 10 E, F). Wingspan females 6-7 mm (6.4 ± 0.3 mm, n = 10) and males 5.5-7 mm (6.1 ± 0.5 mm, n = 10) collected on B. purdieana ssp. purdieana; females 5-6 mm (5.6 ± 0.4 mm, n = 10) and males 5-5.5 mm (5.3 ± 0.3 mm, n = 10) collected on B. purdieana ssp. calcicola . — Head: Cream-white with golden tinge. Eyes dull red. — Thorax: Cream-white with golden tinge, metathorax grey-brown. — Forewings: Dorsal surface cream-white; ventral surface grey-brown. — Hindwings: Dorsal surface white basally, light beige distally; ventral surface silver-white; males without androconial brush. — Abdomen: Grey-brown, lighter golden tinge at tip in male. In females, abdomen modified to form a long spathulate pollen-collecting structure (Figs 12 K, S 1 K) with a spine-covered medial ridge and raised lateral edges creating two clefts. Scales absent from medial ridge which is covered in spines. — Male genitalia (Fig. 15 A). Tegumen terminal edge strongly concave, uncus narrowly rounded, gnathos surface flat. Valva distal arms slender, pectinifer small, less than 1 / 5 of valva length, pecten with 14 long sensilla. Transtilla medial projection strongly sclerotised, near V-shaped with sharp hook at the tip. Phallus basal area spathulate, apex strongly narrowing forming a weakly curved spine. Phallocrypt without subapical spines.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Prophylactis purdieanallax sp. nov. can be distinguished from all other Prophylactis by the pale cream white colour and the lack of scattered lighter and darker scales on the forewings. Females also have a uniquely shaped pollen-collecting structure with spoon like lateral edges. This is one of two species of Prophylactis found associated with B. purdieana and the only pollinator.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species name is a combination of its hostplant species name “ purdieana ” and the suffix “ - allax ”.</p><p>Distribution and Biology.</p><p>Prophylactis purdieanallax sp. nov. has been found from mid-June to early July at Gnagara and Eneabba north of Perth on the nominate form of the hostplant Boronia purdieana ssp. purdieana, which grows in waterlogged Banksia J. R. Forst. and G. Forst. woodlands (Duretto et al. 2013) and has also been found in Kwongan and open mallee woodland. The moth has also been found in July on Boronia purdieana ssp. calcicola P. G. Wilson, which grows on sand over limestone in Kalbarri NP (Duretto et al. 2013) (Fig. S 3 F). Notably, these two populations also cluster separately in the phylogenetic tree (Fig. 5; Table S 2). Considering the short molecular distance and their very similar morphological characters, however, we recognize them as single species. Boronia purdieana is rarely visited by other insects, and in the case of an isolated population of B. purdieana ssp. purdieana from north of Perth, which appears to have lost its population of P. purdieanallax sp. nov. moths after a fire, the plants repeatedly failed to set seed.</p><p>Unlike other pollinating Prophylactis species, P. purdieanallax sp. nov. associated with Boronia purdieana ssp. purdieana are relatively inactive, rarely seen flying over the hostplant and have been mostly observed, via an angled mirror, perched inside the downward-hanging flowers. As this is a winter active species, found around and to the north of the Swan Plains, this apparent lack of activity may be related to the cool temperatures during the mid- to late-winter flight window of the species. Interestingly, P. purdieanallax sp. nov. associated with Boronia purdieana ssp. calcicola, which is the more northerly population, occurs in an environment that is generally warmer at that time of year, are notably more active than their southern relatives.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>All specimens were swept, shaken or taken by eye from Boronia purdieana . — Holotype: ♀ (MMP 005394 in molecular phylogeny, Fig. 10 F). “ 18 June 2016, - 34.73667 ° 115.94056 °, Along St Patricks Rd, Moore River State Forest, Gnagara, WA, DA Young ” | “ On Boronia purdieana ssp. purdieana in open woodland ” | “ Holotype ♀, Prophylactis purdieanallax sp. nov., Hilton et al. 2025 ” | “ MMP 005394 ” (WAM) . — Paratypes (13 ♀♀, 20 ♂♂): Same data as holotype (7 ♀♀, 7 ♂♂, MMP 005397 in molecular phylogeny); - 29.90972 115.25472, Brand Hwy, 10 km S of Eneabba, 26 / 06 / 2018, DA Young (4 ♀♀, MMP 005396 in molecular phylogeny; 12 ♂♂, genitalia slide AK 925); same data except 05 / 07 / 2018 (2 ♀♀, 1 ♂).</p><p>Additional material.</p><p>- 27.77655 ° 114.13042 °, Eagle Gorge, Kalbarri NP, 22 / 07 / 2014, DA Young (5 ♀♀, 5 ♂♂, genitalia slide AK 924); same data except 24 / 07 / 2014 (16 ♀♀, 21 ♂♂); same data except 28 / 07 / 2014 (6 ♀♀, 10 ♂♂); same data except 01 / 08 / 2014 (7 ♀♀, 5 ♂♂); - 27.78167 114.12806 Eagle Gorge, Kalbarri NP 15 / 07 / 2016 DA Young (3 ♀♀, MMP 005398 in molecular phylogeny; 7 ♂♂, genitalia slides AK 914, AK 927, MMP 005399 in molecular phylogeny); same data except 20 / 07 / 2016 (1 ♂); - 27.78167 ° 114.12806 °, Eagle Gorge, Kalbarri NP, 15 / 07 / 2016, DA Young (sex unknown, whole adult processed for RNA extraction, MMP 003366 in molecular phylogeny); - 27.77655 ° 114.130417 °, Eagle Gorge, Kalbarri, DA Young, 22 / 07 / 2014, 28 / 07 / 2014, 01 / 08 / 2014 (sexes unknown, multiple whole adults pooled for RNA extraction, MMP 003500 in molecular phylogeny).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4D88E34D3E5459329733E10442B9C491	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hilton, Douglas J.;Young, D. Andy;Milla, Liz;Jin, Mengjie;Wilcox, Stephen;Wang, Qike;Wimmer, Verena C.;Chang, Jinny;Kallies, Henning;Hall, Andie;Watowich, Marina;Busch, Carly A.;Wilcox, Jordan;Swarbrick, Aileen;Walter, Marlene;Sands, Don;Paterson, Davina;Lees, David C.;Duretto, Marco F.;Moussalli, Adnan;Halsey, Mike;Kallies, Axel	Hilton, Douglas J., Young, D. Andy, Milla, Liz, Jin, Mengjie, Wilcox, Stephen, Wang, Qike, Wimmer, Verena C., Chang, Jinny, Kallies, Henning, Hall, Andie, Watowich, Marina, Busch, Carly A., Wilcox, Jordan, Swarbrick, Aileen, Walter, Marlene, Sands, Don, Paterson, Davina, Lees, David C., Duretto, Marco F., Moussalli, Adnan, Halsey, Mike, Kallies, Axel (2025): Phylogeny and taxonomy of a new clade of Australian Heliozelidae in the genus Prophylactis Meyrick, 1897 (Lepidoptera, Adeloidea) pollinating Boronia (Rutaceae: Sapindales). Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 83: 175-210, DOI: 10.3897/asp.83.e130334
9149D8E716B0593689E184B5F56782E1.text	9149D8E716B0593689E184B5F56782E1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prophylactis strictallax Hilton, Young, Halsey & Kallies 2025	<div><p>5.4.1.2. Prophylactis strictallax Hilton, Young, Halsey &amp; Kallies sp. nov.</p><p>Figures 8 C, D, 12 B, 14 B, S 1 B, S 2 C</p><p>Description.</p><p>Metallic beige heliozelids (Fig. 8 C, D). Wingspan 7.5-8.5 mm (8.3 ± 0.3 mm n = 10) in females and 7.5-8.0 mm (7.7 ± 0.3 mm, n = 3) in males. — Head: Beige-gold with copper sheen in some light. Eyes bright red. — Thorax: Beige with deep golden sheen, metathorax dark grey-brown. — Forewings: Dorsal surface metallic light beige with silver sheen in some light, areas of deep gold along the costa and at the base; ventral surface brown. Hindwings: Dorsal surface light brown, darker than forewing; ventral surface silver-grey. Males with a prominent beige-gold androconial brush. — Abdomen: Brown dorsally, cream ventrally. In females, abdomen modified to form a V-shaped pollen-collecting structure approximately twice as long as wide (Figs 12 B, S 1 B). Inner surface covered by scales that project medially and dorsally meeting at the midline to which pollen attaches. — Male genitalia (Fig. 14 B). Tegumen transverse, weakly emarginate at the apex, posterior angle rounded; uncus narrow, only 1 / 4 of tegumen width, terminal margin weakly tapered; gnathos absent. Pectinifer about 1 / 4 of valva length, pecten covered with 15 short, blunt, comb-like sensilla. Juxta near spear-shaped with apical 2 / 3 forming an elongate, concave triangular cone, while basal 1 / 3 sharp arrow-like. Phallus apex forming a well-sclerotised hook; phallocrypt with a pair of sharp subapical spines pointing cephalad. Phallus basal area moderately enlarged, spoon-like.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Prophylactis strictallax sp. nov. is distinguished from all other Prophylactis species by the deep gold colour of the basal part of the forewing costa. Further, no other Prophylactis species has been found associated with Boronia stricta Bartl.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species name is a combination of its hostplant species name “ stricta ” and the suffix “ - allax ”.</p><p>Distribution and Biology.</p><p>Prophylactis strictallax sp. nov. was found in the Windy Harbour and Walpole areas (Fig. S 2 C) from mid-August to early October. It is tightly associated with Boronia stricta, which grows in seasonal swamps (Duretto et al. 2013) from Mt Manypeaks west to Margaret River and north to the Stirling Ranges. Further study is required to properly assess the distribution of P. strictallax sp. nov. and its precise relationship with its hostplant.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>All specimens were swept from Boronia stricta . — Holotype: ♀ (MMP 005405 in molecular phylogeny, Fig. 8 D). “ 19 August 2014, - 34.98100 ° 116.73917 ° Coalmine Beach Track, Walpole, WA, DA Young ” | “ On Boronia stricta ” | “ Holotype ♀, Prophylactis strictallax sp. nov., Hilton et al. 2025 ” | “ MMP 005405 ” (WAM) . — Paratypes (39 ♀♀, 3 ♂♂): - 34.95800 ° 116.69167 °, 15 km NW Walpole, 20 / 09 / 2011, MF Halsey &amp; DA Young (10 ♀♀, ANIC gen. prep. 6609 = HLZ 592); - 34.95950 ° 116.60117 °, Railway Parade, off SW Hwy, 10 k ENE Walpole, Frankland South NP, 16 / 09 / 2013, MF Halsey &amp; DA Young (19 ♀♀, 1 ♂); - 34.91987 ° 116.57463 °, Railway Parade, off SW Hwy, 10 k ENE Walpole, Frankland South NP, 19 / 08 / 2014, DA Young (6 ♀♀, 1 ♂); same data as holotype (3 ♀♀, 1 ♂, MMP 005406 in molecular phylogeny, genitalia slide AK 916); - 34.78166 ° 116.07333 °, Windy Harbour Rd, 7 km E of Windy Harbour, 03 / 10 / 2014, DA Young (1 ♀).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9149D8E716B0593689E184B5F56782E1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hilton, Douglas J.;Young, D. Andy;Milla, Liz;Jin, Mengjie;Wilcox, Stephen;Wang, Qike;Wimmer, Verena C.;Chang, Jinny;Kallies, Henning;Hall, Andie;Watowich, Marina;Busch, Carly A.;Wilcox, Jordan;Swarbrick, Aileen;Walter, Marlene;Sands, Don;Paterson, Davina;Lees, David C.;Duretto, Marco F.;Moussalli, Adnan;Halsey, Mike;Kallies, Axel	Hilton, Douglas J., Young, D. Andy, Milla, Liz, Jin, Mengjie, Wilcox, Stephen, Wang, Qike, Wimmer, Verena C., Chang, Jinny, Kallies, Henning, Hall, Andie, Watowich, Marina, Busch, Carly A., Wilcox, Jordan, Swarbrick, Aileen, Walter, Marlene, Sands, Don, Paterson, Davina, Lees, David C., Duretto, Marco F., Moussalli, Adnan, Halsey, Mike, Kallies, Axel (2025): Phylogeny and taxonomy of a new clade of Australian Heliozelidae in the genus Prophylactis Meyrick, 1897 (Lepidoptera, Adeloidea) pollinating Boronia (Rutaceae: Sapindales). Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 83: 175-210, DOI: 10.3897/asp.83.e130334
DC14CC89C8C65CF08C4D45990080258D.text	DC14CC89C8C65CF08C4D45990080258D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prophylactis tetrandrallax Hilton, Young, Milla & Kallies 2025	<div><p>5.4.3.2. Prophylactis tetrandrallax Hilton, Young, Milla &amp; Kallies sp. nov.</p><p>Figures 1 E, 10 G, H, 12 L, 15 B, S 1 L, S 4 A</p><p>Description.</p><p>Unusually dimorphic heliozelids with females cream-white and males darker (Fig. 10 G, H). Wingspan females 6.0-7.0 mm (6.5 ± 0.4 mm n = 10) and males 5.0- 6.5 mm (5.9 ± 0.4 mm, n = 10). — Head: Lemon gold in females, metallic beige in male. Eyes red. — Thorax: Lemon gold in females, metallic lemon yellow-beige in males, metathorax dark grey in both sexes. — Forewings: Dorsal surface cream white in females with lemon gold region along the costa from base to about midpoint; silver with metallic beige sheen in males; with scattered white, gold and metallic brown scales, especially toward apex in both sexes, more prominent in females. Ventral surface beige in females, brown in males. — Hindwings: Dorsal surface light brown; ventral surface silver-grey; males without androconial brush. — Abdomen: Brown. In females, segments VII and VIII modified to form a narrow and elongated pollen-collecting structure (Figs 12 L, S 1 L): the lateral projections narrow at base, widening towards apex to form a ‘ flytrap-like’ structure, with long spines along the internal margin, spines projecting inward and meeting at the mid-line the basal part of medial ridge moderately elevated while apical area bifurcated and forming two clefts; medial ridge surface without scales but covered with dense spines. Pollen collected in ‘ flytrap-like’ structure. — Male genitalia (Fig. 15 B). Tegumen transverse with acute posterior angles reaching to the posterior edge of uncus; uncus small, angulate; gnathos absent. Pectinifer large, over 1 / 3 of valva length, pecten with 28 long sensilla. Transtilla medial projection plate transverse, with two subapical arms extending towards valva. Juxta arrow-like, apex sharp, basal margin truncate. Phallus much longer than vinculum, basal area moderately enlarged, apex forming a weakly curved sharp spine. Phallocrypt without subapical spines.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This species can be distinguished from all other species of Prophylactis, both pollinator and non-pollinator group species, by the following characters: forewing with distinctive scattered darker and lighter scales on the cream-coloured background; thorax dorsum light lemon yellow, especially on the females; and female pollen-collecting structures with long medial ridge on the dorsal surface.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species name is a combination of its hostplant species name “ tetrandra ” and the suffix “ - allax ”.</p><p>Distribution and Biology.</p><p>Prophylactis tetrandrallax sp. nov. has been found around Hopetoun in June and July associated with Boronia tetrandra, which grows on sandy and granitic soils (Duretto et al. 2013) (Fig. S 4 A). The plant has a broader range growing between Albany and Israelite Bay (Duretto et al. 2013) and further study is required to properly assess the distribution of the moth. Searches around Condingup, approximately 60 km ENE of Esperance, located the plant but failed to locate any moths, albeit in reasonably unfavourable conditions. Boronia tetrandra begins flowering in late autumn and continues through winter to early spring. Early in the flowering season, P. tetrandrallax sp. nov. is far more abundant than the undescribed non-pollinator group species of Prophylactis, which is also found on some populations of B. tetrandra . The latter was, however, the only moth species found late in the flowering season.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>All specimens were swept from Boronia tetrandra . — Holotype: ♀ (MMP 005392 in molecular phylogeny, Fig. 10 H). “ 16 July 2015, - 33.94028 ° 120.14667 °, Two Mile Beach, 2 km E of Hopetoun, WA, L Milla &amp; DA Young ” | “ On Boronia tetrandra ” | “ Holotype ♀, Prophylactis tetrandrallax sp. nov., Hilton et al. 2025 ” | “ MMP 005392 ” (WAM) . — Paratypes (17 ♀♀, 28 ♂♂): Same data as holotype (12 ♀♀, 16 ♂♂, MMP 005393 in molecular phylogeny, genitalia slide AK 917); - 33.95611 ° 119.91667 °, Hamersley Inlet, Fitzgerald River NP, 16 / 07 / 2015, L Milla &amp; DA Young (5 ♀♀, 11 ♂♂); same data except 13 / 06 / 2016, DA Young (1 ♂).</p><p>Additional material.</p><p>Same data as holotype except 21 / 07 / 2022, L Milla &amp; A Swarbrick (1 ♀ used for RNA extraction. MMP 004820 in molecular phylogeny).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DC14CC89C8C65CF08C4D45990080258D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hilton, Douglas J.;Young, D. Andy;Milla, Liz;Jin, Mengjie;Wilcox, Stephen;Wang, Qike;Wimmer, Verena C.;Chang, Jinny;Kallies, Henning;Hall, Andie;Watowich, Marina;Busch, Carly A.;Wilcox, Jordan;Swarbrick, Aileen;Walter, Marlene;Sands, Don;Paterson, Davina;Lees, David C.;Duretto, Marco F.;Moussalli, Adnan;Halsey, Mike;Kallies, Axel	Hilton, Douglas J., Young, D. Andy, Milla, Liz, Jin, Mengjie, Wilcox, Stephen, Wang, Qike, Wimmer, Verena C., Chang, Jinny, Kallies, Henning, Hall, Andie, Watowich, Marina, Busch, Carly A., Wilcox, Jordan, Swarbrick, Aileen, Walter, Marlene, Sands, Don, Paterson, Davina, Lees, David C., Duretto, Marco F., Moussalli, Adnan, Halsey, Mike, Kallies, Axel (2025): Phylogeny and taxonomy of a new clade of Australian Heliozelidae in the genus Prophylactis Meyrick, 1897 (Lepidoptera, Adeloidea) pollinating Boronia (Rutaceae: Sapindales). Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 83: 175-210, DOI: 10.3897/asp.83.e130334
