taxonID	type	description	language	source
8107CA1BFFE65E2E8AAEFF35BD31F983.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Dilacera exokosmos Zilberman & Pires-Silva sp. nov.	en	Zilberman, Bruno, Pires-Silva, Carlos M. (2022): Dilacera, a new astonishing Amazonian genus of termitophilous rove beetle (Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Termitonannini) and updated checklist of the subtribe Termitonannina with their termite hosts. Zootaxa 5194 (1): 122-132, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5194.1.7
8107CA1BFFE65E2E8AAEFF35BD31F983.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Head deflexed, slightly wider than long, strongly impressed on the medial region of vertex through the front, with eyes diverging anteriorly, strongly prominent, leaving the impression of the eyes popping out from the head; antenna fusiform, with pedicels not visible; fourth maxillary palpomere rather large and with a broad sensorial pit at apex; lacinia divided into internal and outer lobes; pronotum concave on anterior region and convex posteriorly; metendesternite with apex of arms ending in spoon-like sclerotized regions; legs with first three tarsomeres each bearing a spine on basal part; abdomen mostly sclerotized, with only segment II with significant areas of membrane exposed, flattened, widest at segments IV-VI, segments III-VI with a single and broad transverse paratergite on each side; segment VII with highly modified, semi triangular and big paratergites, which along with the modified sternite VII and spear-head shaped tergite X, turns the abdominal apex acute. Comparative notes: The genus Dilacera gen. nov. is easily distinguished from any other in Termitonannina, with unique characters along the whole body. The head is strongly impressed, and with the eyes diverging anteriorly, strongly prominent, seemingly popping out from the head, antennomeres with pedicels not visible, along with the lacinia divided into two lobes, each character, individually or combined, turns the head unparalleled within the subtribe. The third maxillary palpomere is pear-shaped instead of the usually longer ones of the other genera, the fourth being large is somewhat distinct, though its enlargement has occurred in other genera such as Nannusa Borgmeier, some Termitonannus Wasmann, and especially Termitocomes Seevers; however, the broad sensorial pit is seemingly unique for Dilacera gen. nov. The shape of pronotum in most Termitonannina is wider posteriorly, narrowing through the anterior region, except for Nannusa longicornis Borgmeier, 1959 and slightly Termitonilla luteola Borgmeier, 1950, in which the pronotum is narrower posteriorly (conspicuously in Nannusa); Dilacera pronotum is more related to that of Nannusa, but lacking the longitudinal suture and also having anterior margin concave. The abdomen is also distinct in Dilacera, flattened and widest at segments IV-VI, along with a broad and transverse paratergite on each side of the abdomen, which is entirely visible from dorsal view, and the highly modified paratergites VII and sternite VII comprises one of the most distinctive features of the genus; Termitonannina genera commonly have conical abdomen, except for Nannusa and Termitonilla; yet none of them nearly resemble the abdomen of Dilacera. Finally, it is worth mentioning that although it is possible to find some similarities in some structures compared to specific taxa in the subtribe; the new genus is so distinctive in many features that it looks like it has only the bare minimum to be included in the subtribe (4 - 4 - 5 tarsal formula and antenna with 10 antennomeres), which wonders the future possibility, when a phylogenetic analysis is performed, of supporting a new subtribe within Termitonannini.	en	Zilberman, Bruno, Pires-Silva, Carlos M. (2022): Dilacera, a new astonishing Amazonian genus of termitophilous rove beetle (Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Termitonannini) and updated checklist of the subtribe Termitonannina with their termite hosts. Zootaxa 5194 (1): 122-132, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5194.1.7
8107CA1BFFE65E2E8AAEFF35BD31F983.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Derived from ancient Greek, δι (di-, “ double ”), and from Latin, lacer (“ torn, ” a cognate from lacinia). Thus, Dilacera means “ double lacinia ” in allusion to the double-lobed lacinia, unique in the subtribe. Feminine gender.	en	Zilberman, Bruno, Pires-Silva, Carlos M. (2022): Dilacera, a new astonishing Amazonian genus of termitophilous rove beetle (Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Termitonannini) and updated checklist of the subtribe Termitonannina with their termite hosts. Zootaxa 5194 (1): 122-132, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5194.1.7
8107CA1BFFE65E298AAEF9BAB8BAF858.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: HOLOTYPE, MZSP 21306 (male): BRAZIL. Amazonas: Manaus (BR- 174, Km 102), 5. VIII. 1987, José Wellington de Morais col. (with Uncitermes teevani, MZUSP 8953), in alcohol. PARATYPE, MZSP 21307, same data as and collected with the holotype, dissected on slides.	en	Zilberman, Bruno, Pires-Silva, Carlos M. (2022): Dilacera, a new astonishing Amazonian genus of termitophilous rove beetle (Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Termitonannini) and updated checklist of the subtribe Termitonannina with their termite hosts. Zootaxa 5194 (1): 122-132, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5194.1.7
8107CA1BFFE65E298AAEF9BAB8BAF858.taxon	description	Measurements: Body length ~ 4.5 mm (male, abdomen distended) (Figs. 1, 3, 5), ~ 4.5 mm (female) (Figs. 2, 4, 6).	en	Zilberman, Bruno, Pires-Silva, Carlos M. (2022): Dilacera, a new astonishing Amazonian genus of termitophilous rove beetle (Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Termitonannini) and updated checklist of the subtribe Termitonannina with their termite hosts. Zootaxa 5194 (1): 122-132, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5194.1.7
8107CA1BFFE65E298AAEF9BAB8BAF858.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Same as for the genus, with the inclusion of color data not discussed in the generic diagnosis because it is conceivably easy to vary within a genus. Head is light brown, antenna yellowish pale, pronotum light brown (slightly darker in female), legs with coxae, femora and tarsi yellowish, and tibiae dark brown; elytra light brown, abdomen mostly light yellow through segment VI, with tergites a little darker, somewhat lighter in tergite II; segment VI and tergite X dark brown, paratergites VII gradually darkening through the apex.	en	Zilberman, Bruno, Pires-Silva, Carlos M. (2022): Dilacera, a new astonishing Amazonian genus of termitophilous rove beetle (Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Termitonannini) and updated checklist of the subtribe Termitonannina with their termite hosts. Zootaxa 5194 (1): 122-132, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5194.1.7
8107CA1BFFE65E298AAEF9BAB8BAF858.taxon	description	Description: Head about 1.3 times wider than long, widest at the eyes level, with a strong depression starting middle vertex deepening all through the front, leaving an impression of the eyes laterally popping out from the head; a pair of medium-sized setae on vertex, medially, right before the posterior limit of the eyes (Figs. 1 - 4); mentumsubmentum distinct; gula short, slightly widening through the posterior region. Antenna fusiform, with 10 antennomeres and with pedicels not visible: scape dilated at apex, about the length of antennomere II-III combined, antennomeres II-III elongated, IV-IX wider than long, antennomere X elongated and bearing two coeloconic sensilla (Figs. 1 - 6, 8). Labrum more than twice wider than long, narrowing through a subtle emarginated apex; d 2 - d 1, m 2 - m 1, and p 2 - p 1 setae present; p 1 very close to m 1 (Figs. 9, 33). Mandibles symmetrical, bending through apex and with a broad and short mesal tooth (Fig. 7). Maxilla robust, stipes longer than wide, galea elongated, with a modified apex occupying about 35 % of total galea length, bearing many short to medium sized bristles; lacinia divided by almost their entire length into internal and outer lobes, internal lobe longer than outer lobe and slightly shorter than galea, bearing 10 long setae at apex, first two conspicuously longer than the others; outer lobe shorter, covered with many medium sized setae from middle margin to apex, and base with scarce short setae; maxillary palp 4 - articulated: palpomere I very short, subquadrate; palpomere II elongated, widening through apex; palpomere III short, with outer margin dilated; palpomere IV well developed, about 1.5 times longer than palpomere III, narrowing through apex, which bears a large sensorial pit (Figs. 11, 32). Prementum with 3 - articulated labial palp and with a bilobed ligula; lobes widely separated (Fig. 10). Prothorax with pronotum wider than long, narrowing posteriorly; anterior margin concave, and posterior margin convex (more deeply concave and with more prominent anterior angles in male); chaetotaxy as follows: six setae on each margin, mostly long, but two first on internal apex only moderately long; a pair of middle-apical very short setae, right on the concave region; a pair of two moderately long setae a little below the medial margin of the pronotal disk, followed below by a pair of very short and more closed pair of setae posteriorly (Figs. 1 - 2, 12, 38 - 39); prosternum represented only by a small sclerite (Fig. 13). Mesothorax and metathorax combined a little shorter than prothorax (Figs. 5 - 6, 12 - 13, 14, 16); scutellum suboval (Figs. 16 - 17); wings present and of typical staphylinid venation; elytron slightly trapezoidal (Fig. 18). Metendesternite with arms ending in spoon-like sclerotized regions (Figs. 14 - 15). Legs developed, 4 - 4 - 5 tarsal formula (Figs. 19 - 24); proleg with coxa elongated, slightly longer than femur, tibia about twice the length of tarsi; tibia densely covered with a comb of bristles, scarcely setose in female; fourth tarsomere slightly longer than the remaining tarsomeres combined; tarsomeres I-III each with a distal spinelike seta (Figs. 19 - 20); mesoleg with coxa shorter than femur, tibia about twice the length of tarsi; fourth tarsomere slightly shorter than the remaining tarsomeres combined; tarsomeres I-III each with a distal spine-like seta (Figs. 21 - 22); metaleg with coxa short, trochanter very large, longer than the coxa; femur about the same length as tibia; fifth tarsomere about as long as the first; tarsomeres more setose, still with a distinctive distal seta on tarsomeres I-IV (Figs. 23 - 24). Abdomen mostly sclerotized, with only segment II with significant areas of membrane exposed, flattened, widest at segments IV-VI (Figs. 1 - 6); segment I represented only by a distinctive tergite of sinuous pattern attached to metanotum (Fig. 16); segment II with a tergite and a thinly sclerotized sternite; segments III-VII each with a sternite, tergite and a partergite, last two visible on dorsal view (Figs. 1 - 6, 25 - 26, 36 - 37); sternites wider, with lateral margins reaching to a point where it roughly matches the level and width of tergites and partergites together; segment VII with paratergites highly modified, semi triangular and big (Figs. 1 - 2, 25, 36) and sternite VII modified accordingly as it matches the shape of the tergite and paratergites together (Figs. 26, 37); paratergite VII apex more acute in male (Fig. 1); tergite VIII broader posteriorly, gradually narrowing anteriorly, with three p setae (p 3 - p 2 - p 1), medial-posterior margin slightly acute (Figs. 30, 34 - 35); sternite VIII transverse; tergite IX (female) divided into two portions of scarcely sclerotized pieces, with the medial-longitudinal more sclerotized and bearing seven main long setae (Figs. 27 - 28); sternite IX (female) feebly sclerotized and fused to tergite IX; tergite X elongated, spear-head shaped, with many setae on margins (Figs. 27, 29). Spermatheca with capsule dome-like and stem constricted at base (Fig. 31).	en	Zilberman, Bruno, Pires-Silva, Carlos M. (2022): Dilacera, a new astonishing Amazonian genus of termitophilous rove beetle (Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Termitonannini) and updated checklist of the subtribe Termitonannina with their termite hosts. Zootaxa 5194 (1): 122-132, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5194.1.7
8107CA1BFFE65E298AAEF9BAB8BAF858.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The specific epithet is derived from ancient Greek έξω (exo-, “ out ”) and κόσμος (kósmos, “ world ”, “ universe ”). Thus, exokosmos means “ out of this world ”, reffering to the unique characteristics of Dilacera, which differ by far from the other taxa in Termitonannina. Noun in apposition.	en	Zilberman, Bruno, Pires-Silva, Carlos M. (2022): Dilacera, a new astonishing Amazonian genus of termitophilous rove beetle (Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Termitonannini) and updated checklist of the subtribe Termitonannina with their termite hosts. Zootaxa 5194 (1): 122-132, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5194.1.7
8107CA1BFFE65E298AAEF9BAB8BAF858.taxon	biology_ecology	Host relationship: The individuals of Dilacera exokosmos Zilberman & Pires-Silva gen. et sp. nov. were collected from the soil in Brazilian Amazon, along termites determined as Uncitermes teevani (Emerson, 1925), previously considered Armitermes Wasmann (Syntermitinae). Association with other Syntermitinae has already been recorded within Termitonannina, all with Procornitermes Emerson or Syntermes Holmgren (Seevers 1957). It is noteworthy that current evidence suggests Armitermes paraphyletic with the inclusion of Uncitermes Rocha & Cancello (Rocha et al., 2017), and it is likely to be back considered Armitermes in the future. Either way, it is the first solid record of a termitophile association with Uncitermes (or Armitermes). However, the natural history of the termitophile needs more investigation. The closest record to a termitophile association with Armitermes comes from the record of Timeparthenus seeversi Campbell, 1973 (Corotocini) found in a mixed nest of Procornitermes sp. and Armitermes sp.; still, such association with Armitermes is doubtful, and it was likely associated with the former, given the host relationship records for the genus Timeparthenus Silvestri (Jacobson et al., 1986).	en	Zilberman, Bruno, Pires-Silva, Carlos M. (2022): Dilacera, a new astonishing Amazonian genus of termitophilous rove beetle (Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Termitonannini) and updated checklist of the subtribe Termitonannina with their termite hosts. Zootaxa 5194 (1): 122-132, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5194.1.7
