identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
83095E3EA323FF9CFEBAC8368914FBBD.text	83095E3EA323FF9CFEBAC8368914FBBD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ateleute Santos & Alvarado & Sääksjärvi & Noort & Villemant & Brady 2018	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> PARAPHYLY OF  ATELEUTE</p>
            <p> As per its current taxonomic definition (Townes, 1970; Kasparyan &amp; Hernandez, 2001; Bordera &amp; Sääksjärvi, 2012), the genus  Ateleute is rendered paraphyletic by  Tamaulipeca , a group that is morphologically well-characterized and readily diagnosable (see Taxonomy section below). While the clade including the Old World taxa is stable and wellsupported, the relationships among the Neotropical forms currently assigned to  Ateleute have low support, and clade composition does not correspond to any putative morphological synapomorphies. While these taxa still fit the ‘broad’ definition of  Ateleute , the morphological variation observed across the examined species is much higher than previously recognized. Several described New World species, including most of the ones described by Bordera &amp; Sääksjärvi (2012) and the only described Nearctic species of the genus,  A. carolina Townes , could not be obtained for sequencing, and their affinities remain uncertain. Hence, further work with better sampling of the New World taxa is needed in order to provide a more thorough morphological characterization of the group and establish sound generic limits. </p>
            <p> One obvious solution would be to synonymize  Tamaulipeca in order to render  Ateleute monophyletic. However, lumping all of the considerable phenotypic diversity of the group under a single genus is more likely to complicate classification and taxonomic identification. At the same time, considering the limitations of the results observed herein, attempting to provide a full generic classification based on the data presently available is clearly premature. Hence, it seems more appropriate to progressively delimit monophyletic and morphologically diagnosable groups as more data accumulates. The proposal of  Duwalia gen. nov. represents a step towards that direction, while the description of the aberrant  A. boitata sp. nov. intends to highlight the unexplored phenotypic diversity in the genus. </p>
            <p>BIOGEOGRAPHY</p>
            <p> Drawing biogeographic inferences for  Ateleutinae from the recovered tree topology is not straightforward. The fact that the earliest diverging lineages are all from the Neotropical or Australian regions may suggest that the subfamily as a whole has a Gondwanan history. Within  Ateleute , all examined species that currently occur in areas geologically belonging to Laurasia (  A. linearis ,  A. densistriata Uchida and three undescribed species from South-East Asia) were recovered in a single clade nested within a Gondwanan background. Species from Madagascar, the Afrotropical region at large and the Australasian region appear scattered across several groups within the clade. </p>
            <p> It is tempting to hypothesize that these patterns may have been driven by past vicariance events, such as the break-up between Africa and South America separating the Neotropical lineages from the Old World clade. However, the taxonomic sampling of the current analyses is far from complete; many of the known species are not represented in the phylogeny, and the  Ateleutinae as a whole clearly include many undescribed species. In addition to that, the lack of information regarding divergence times casts doubt on whether the observed diversification patterns may be chronologically consistent with putative vicariant events. A vicariancedriven scenario would suggest the  Ateleutinae as an ancient lineage within  Ichneumonidae , as the oldest fossils known for the family date from the Lower Cretaceous (Zhang &amp; Rasnitsyn, 2003; Kopylov, 2010; Kopylov &amp; Zhang, 2015). </p>
            <p> Currently there are no known fossils for  Ateleutinae , and the currently precarious understanding of the ichneumonid fossil record (Spasojevic et al., 2018) requires rigorous study and re-evaluation of fossil taxa before any reliable molecular-clock-type analysis to infer divergence timing for the subfamily. It is noteworthy that there seems to be little ‘geographic conservatism’ in the evolution of  Ateleutinae ; species occuring in each region seem to be derived from multiple lineages. This is consistent with a scenario of very old divergence times, predating vicariant events such as continental splits, but it may also suggest a considerable amount of dispersal among closely related lineages. For example, multiple lineages seem to be present in Madagascar, which separated from the Indian peninsula 88 Mya, and from Africa 135 Mya (Briggs, 2003; Ali &amp; Aitchison, 2008). This implies either that these lineages were already present in Madagascar by then, or that dispersal between island and continent has subsequently occurred multiple times. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/83095E3EA323FF9CFEBAC8368914FBBD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos, Bernardo F.;Alvarado, Mabel;Sääksjärvi, Ilari E.;Noort, Simon Van;Villemant, Claire;Brady, Seán G.	Santos, Bernardo F., Alvarado, Mabel, Sääksjärvi, Ilari E., Noort, Simon Van, Villemant, Claire, Brady, Seán G. (2018): Molecular phylogeny of Ateleutinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae): systematics and biogeography of a widespread parasitoid wasp lineage. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 185: 1057-1078
83095E3EA32AFF9AFC7AC9BA8D73FB38.text	83095E3EA32AFF9AFC7AC9BA8D73FB38.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ateleute boitata Santos & Alvarado & Sääksjärvi & Noort & Villemant & Brady 2018	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> ATELEUTE BOITATA SANTOS ,  SP. NOV.</p>
            <p>(FIG. 5A–C, E, F, H–J)</p>
            <p> Diagnosis  Ateleute boitata can be distinguished from all species of  Ateleute by the combination of the following characters. (1) Body relatively large (fore wing 8.9–10.0 mm long) and stout (Fig. 5A). (2) Head dorsoventrally elongate (1.8 × as tall as long in lateral view; Fig. 5B). (3) Epicnemial carina completely absent. (4) Median longitudinal carina of propodeum distinct until posterior transverse carina (Fig. 5F). (5) Hind wing vein 2-1A distinct. Dorsal surface of T1 smooth (Fig. 5H). (6) Propodeum entirely ferruginous, with coarse wrinkles. </p>
            <p>Description of female holotype Fore wing 8.9 mm long. Body shiny and mostly moderately pilose.</p>
            <p>Head: Head in lateral view 1.8 × as tall as long (Fig. 5B). Mandible moderately short, MLW 1.3, its apex only slightly narrower than base, MWW 0.7; ventral tooth wide, trapezoidal, distinctly longer than dorsal tooth; malar space wide, MSM 1.0. Clypeus moderately convex, moderately wide, CHW 1.70, at midlength much wider than base, CWW 1.6, narrower again at apex; clypeal margin sharp, strongly lamellate, straight (Fig. 5C). Clypeus, supra-clypeal area and most of gena densely pilose; supra-antennal area, vertex and occiput glabrate. Supra-clypeal area rugulosecoriarious. Antenna with 36 flagellomeres; maximum width of flagellum about 1.7 × the minimum width of f1; flagellum subapically slightly enlarged, ventral surface flattened and rough around flagellomeres 9–30, strongly tapered towards apex (Fig. 5E). Supra-antennal area distinctly concave, longitudinally striate; ocellar area distinctly convex. Vertex and occiput slightly coriarious. Occipital carina ventrally joining hypostomal carina just before mandible base.</p>
            <p>Mesosoma: Pronotum longitudinally striate, striae weak along posterior margin and strong over median transverse sulcus, dorsally with small coriariouspunctate area. Mesoscutum coriarious, shiny, with strong transverse wrinkles along notaulus. Scuto-scutellar groove distinctly striate. Lateral carina of scutellum complete. Mesopleuron anteriorly densely pilose, rugulose-reticulate, posteriorly sparsely pilose, coriarious. Subalar ridge narrow, keeled. Epicnemial carina entirely absent. Mesopleural fovea absent. Sternaulus complete but shallow throughout, carinulate, apical 0.5 almost indistinct. Propodeum 1.4 × as long as wide, covered by strong, widely spaced wrinkles. Anterior transverse carina of propodeum distinct, straight, fading out on median portion and after sublateral corner of propodeum (Fig.5F). Posterior transverse carina complete, straight; area posteriorly to posterior carina with most wrinkles in longitudinal orientation. Median longitudinal carina distinct until posterior transverse carina; areola distinctly delimited, smoother than remainder of propodeum; lateral longitudinal carina vestigial, distinct only as short ridge. Tibiae and tarsi with sparse, moderately stout bristles. Fore wing vein 1-Rs+M sinuous, continuous with cross-vein 1m-cu, cross-vein 1m-cu uniformly curved; cross-vein 1cu-a arising distad to base of 1M+Rs; vein 2Cua 1.5 × as long as cross-vein 2cu-a, veins angled at about 110°; APH 2.1; AWH 1.6; cross-vein 3r-m spectral; cross-vein 2r-m distinct but much shorter than 3r-m, veins parallel; vein 2-M about as long as 3-M. Hind wing vein 2-1A distinct, almost reaching wing margin; HW1C 2.3.</p>
            <p>Metasoma: T1 smooth and polished T1LW 2.3, T1WW 3.5 (Fig. 5H). Spiracle placed on anterior 0.55. T2 approximately square, T2LW 0.9, T2WW 1.2; polished, slightly coriarious, laterally with short, sparse hairs. Thyridium very shallow, almost indistinct. Ovipositor sheath broadly truncate (Fig. 5I); ovipositor moderately long, OST 0.90, moderately stout, straight, its tip blunt, nodus absent, lower valve without distinct teeth (Fig. 5J).</p>
            <p>Colour: Head black; basal 0.6 of mandible ferruginous, apical 0.4 reddish; f5–8, apex of f4 and base of f9, whitish. Mesosoma: ferruginous (197,104,003); dorsal 0.5 of pronotum, most of mesoscutum, axillary through and scutellum blackish; fore- and mid legs uniformly lighter from base towards apex, t1–4 pale yellow, t5 blackish; hind tibia and t1–4 abruptly light yellow, hind t5 brownish. Wings hyaline. Metasoma: T1 mostly ferruginous, posteriorly with blackish white spot covering 0.2 of dorsal surface, followed by narrow whitish (057,014,086) stripe. T2–7 blackish, posteriorly with broad whitish stripes, on T4–7 distinctly narrower on median portion; T8 black with whitish lateral marks. S2–5 mostly whitish with progressively smaller brownish or blackish spots; S6 entirely whitish. Ovipositor sheath blackish; ovipositor reddish.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/83095E3EA32AFF9AFC7AC9BA8D73FB38	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos, Bernardo F.;Alvarado, Mabel;Sääksjärvi, Ilari E.;Noort, Simon Van;Villemant, Claire;Brady, Seán G.	Santos, Bernardo F., Alvarado, Mabel, Sääksjärvi, Ilari E., Noort, Simon Van, Villemant, Claire, Brady, Seán G. (2018): Molecular phylogeny of Ateleutinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae): systematics and biogeography of a widespread parasitoid wasp lineage. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 185: 1057-1078
83095E3EA334FF85FF60CBAA8CE5FCDA.text	83095E3EA334FF85FF60CBAA8CE5FCDA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ateleute grossa Kasparyan & Hernandez 2001	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> ATELEUTE GROSSA KASPARYAN &amp; HERNANDEZ, 2001</p>
            <p>(FIGS 5D, 5G)</p>
            <p> 
Ateleute grossa 
Kasparyan &amp; Hernandez, 2001: 229 . Holotype ♀ from Mexico, not examined. </p>
            <p> Comments  Ateleute grossa is very similar to the new species  A. boitata , which occurs in South America.The two species have several slight differences in colour patterns, biometric ratios (see below) and sculpturing; most distinctly,  A. grossa can be differentiated from  A. boitata sp. nov. by the generally pale yellow tone of the mesosoma (vs. ferruginous); propodeum with ovoid blackish marks on anterior portion (vs. entirely ferruginous); and propodeum finely reticulate (vs. with coarse wrinkles). </p>
            <p>The holotype was the only specimen examined by Kasparyan &amp; Hernandez (2001), and no additional specimens were recorded in later accounts of the Mexican fauna (e.g. Kasparyan &amp; Ruíz-Cancino, 2005). Herein we newly record the species from Costa Rica. The following morphometric measurements, based on the specimens examined for this work (N = 8 females), are original information that complements the original description: fore wing 5.7–9.5 mm long; MLW 1.5; MWW 0.7; MSM 1.0; APH 1.4–1.5; AWW 1.8–1.9; H1WC 1.6–1.8; T1LW 2.2–2.4; T1WW 3.0–3.2; spiracle of T1 placed on anterior 0.4; T2LW 0.9; T2WW 1.3; OST 0.85. The original description recorded MSM 0.85 and OST 0.75 for the holotype, which may correspond to geographical variation between populations in Mexico and Costa Rica. Other than that, the examined specimens accurately match the holotype description.</p>
            <p> Biology All the females examined for this work were reared from  Psychidae ; five of them are recorded as parasitoids of  Oiketicus kirbyi , a common pest of several crops in South and Central America, including banana, cocoa, oil palm, avocado, citrus and eucalyptus (Rhainds &amp; La Rosa, 2010). </p>
            <p> Material examined 8 ♀♀.   1 ♀ from COSTA RICA,  Palmar , 19 Aug 1959, J. O. Harrison, ‘from bag worm’ (USNM)  .  2 ♀♀, same data except 20 Oct 1959, C. S. Stephens, ‘ Psichidae parasite’ .   5 ♀♀, same data except 15 Jan 1960, ex.  Oiketicus kirbyi (USNM) . </p>
            <p>Distribution Mexico and Costa Rica.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/83095E3EA334FF85FF60CBAA8CE5FCDA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos, Bernardo F.;Alvarado, Mabel;Sääksjärvi, Ilari E.;Noort, Simon Van;Villemant, Claire;Brady, Seán G.	Santos, Bernardo F., Alvarado, Mabel, Sääksjärvi, Ilari E., Noort, Simon Van, Villemant, Claire, Brady, Seán G. (2018): Molecular phylogeny of Ateleutinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae): systematics and biogeography of a widespread parasitoid wasp lineage. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 185: 1057-1078
83095E3EA334FF85FCD0CC818C76F907.text	83095E3EA334FF85FCD0CC818C76F907.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tamaulipeca sensu Kasparyan & Hernandez 2001	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Tamaulipeca Kasparyan, 2001 in Kasparyan &amp; Hernandez, 2001: 231. Type species:  Tamaulipeca clypeator Kasparyan &amp; Hernandez , by original designation. </p>
            <p> Diagnosis  Tamaulipeca can be distinguished from all other genera of  Ateleutinae by the combination of the following characters. (1) Clypeal margin distinctly pointed medially (Fig. 6A). (2) Mandible small and slender, MLW around 1.80, MWW 0.6–0.6. (3) Lateral carina of scutellum incomplete, reaching about 0.5 its length. (4) Median longitudinal carina of propodeum absent. (5) Hind tibia of male densely covered with stout bristles. (6) Cross-vein 2r-m short, almost indistinct. (7) Veins 3-Rs and 3-M distinctly divergent (Fig. 6B). (8) Hind wing vein 2-1A absent or vestigial. </p>
            <p> Comments Species of  Tamaulipeca are similar to the Neotropical  Ateleute , from which they can be readily differentiated by the clypeal margin medially pointed (vs. truncate or emarginate medially in  Ateleute ) and veins 3-Rs and 3-M distinctly divergent (vs. parallel); species of  Tamaulipeca also have no trace of the cross-vein 3r-m.  Tamaulipeca also shows a broader, stouterT1 (see T1WW 2.7–3.0, versus T1LW 2.0– 2.4 in  Ateleute ). The anterior transverse carina of the propodeum is absent in all described species of  Tamaulipeca , but the species examined herein has a distinct, though weak, anterior carina (Fig. 6C). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/83095E3EA334FF85FCD0CC818C76F907	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos, Bernardo F.;Alvarado, Mabel;Sääksjärvi, Ilari E.;Noort, Simon Van;Villemant, Claire;Brady, Seán G.	Santos, Bernardo F., Alvarado, Mabel, Sääksjärvi, Ilari E., Noort, Simon Van, Villemant, Claire, Brady, Seán G. (2018): Molecular phylogeny of Ateleutinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae): systematics and biogeography of a widespread parasitoid wasp lineage. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 185: 1057-1078
83095E3EA334FF85FC5DCC578CB5FC42.text	83095E3EA334FF85FC5DCC578CB5FC42.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tamaulipeca sensu Kasparyan & Hernandez 2001	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> TAMAULIPECA KASPARYAN, 2001</p>
            <p>(FIG. 6)</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/83095E3EA334FF85FC5DCC578CB5FC42	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos, Bernardo F.;Alvarado, Mabel;Sääksjärvi, Ilari E.;Noort, Simon Van;Villemant, Claire;Brady, Seán G.	Santos, Bernardo F., Alvarado, Mabel, Sääksjärvi, Ilari E., Noort, Simon Van, Villemant, Claire, Brady, Seán G. (2018): Molecular phylogeny of Ateleutinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae): systematics and biogeography of a widespread parasitoid wasp lineage. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 185: 1057-1078
83095E3EA335FF87FED7CE828ABEFCFA.text	83095E3EA335FF87FED7CE828ABEFCFA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Duwalia Santos & Alvarado & Sääksjärvi & Noort & Villemant & Brady 2018	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> DUWALIA SANTOS ,  GEN. NOV.</p>
            <p>(FIG. 7)</p>
            <p> Type species:  Duwalia perula sp. nov. , by monotypy and present designation. </p>
            <p> Diagnosis  Duwalia gen. nov. can be distinguished from all other genera of  Ateleutinae by the combination of the following characters. (1) Epicnemial carina ventrally distinct, laterally reaching about 0.7 of distance to subalar ridge. (2) Median longitudinal carina of propodeum present, though weak. (3) Hind tibia of male with sparse small bristles. (4) Hind wing vein 2-1A distinct, almost reaching wing margin. (5) Ovipositor short, OST 0.35, straight, its tip sagittate, dorsal valve with distinct teeth. </p>
            <p>Description Body small (fore wing 4.6–5.1 mm long), moderately slender, mostly shiny (Fig. 7A).</p>
            <p>Head: Somewhat globose, in lateral view 1.4 × as tall as long (Fig. 7A). Mandible relatively long, MLW 1.8, its apex distinctly narrower than base, MWW 0.6; ventral tooth slightly longer than dorsal one. Malar space moderately wide, MSM 0.8. Clypeus wide, CHW 1.8, wider at its midlength, CWW 1.8, slightly convex; clypeal margin truncate, medially straight, without teeth or tubercles, laterally slightly projected as small triangular lobe (Fig. 7B). Antenna with 26 flagellomeres, with distinct whitish band; flagellum subapically slightly enlarged, tapered towards apex; apical flagellomere pointed, without thickened or modified setae. Supra-antennal area without horns or tubercles. Gena ventrally as wide as at its midlength. Occipital and hypostomal carinae ventrally linear, not raised as flanges, meeting at mandible base.</p>
            <p>Thorax: Dorsal margin of pronotum regular, not swollen; outline of collar not bordered by carina; median portion of pronotum distinctly concave, forming a transverse sulcus between pronotal collar and posterior margin. Mesoscutum strongly convex, subcircular, 1.0 × as long as wide, shiny; notaulus long, reaching 0.7 of mesoscutum length, convergent, deeply impressed, its surface weakly carinulate. Lateral carina of scutellum incomplete, reaching about 0.5 of its length. Epicnemial carina ventrally distinct, laterally reaching about 0.7 of distance to subalar ridge. Sternaulus sharp and distinct on anterior 0.5 of mesopleuron, its surface distinctly crenulate. Posterior transverse carina of the mesosternum medially linear, not projected. Transverse furrow at base of propodeum 0.10 × as long as propodeum. Juxtacoxal carina indistinct. Pleural carina complete.</p>
            <p>Propodeum: Long, 1.5 × as long as wide, shiny (Fig. 7D). Anterior margin medially concave, laterally without teeth-like projections. Spiracle round. Anterior transverse carina vestigial. Posterior transverse carina distinct, complete, straight, sublaterally not forming distinct crests. Median longitudinal carina of propodeum distinct but fading before reaching posterior transverse carina.</p>
            <p>Wings: Hyaline. Ramellus absent; cross-vein 1cu-a distinctly apicad to 1M+R; vein 2Cua 1.8 × as long as cross-vein 2cu-a; cross-vein 2m-cu slightly inclivous, slightly sinuous, its bulla occupying 0.4 of its length, placed anteriorly, almost touching areolet; areolet medium sized, APH 1.1, wider than long, AWH 1.6; cross-vein 3r-m spectral, almost indistinct; crossveins 2r-m and 3r-m slightly convergent, cross-vein 2r-m distinct but much shorter than 3r-m; vein 3-Rs subparallel to 3-M; vein 4-Rs slightly shorter than vein 4-M. Hind wing vein 1-M+Cu apically distinctly convex; veins Cua and 1M forming approximately right angle; vein Cua much longer than cross-vein cu-a, HW1C 1.8; veins 2-Rs and Cub distinct, reaching wing margin even if apically nebulous, apical 0.5 of Cub slightly concave; vein 2-1A distinct, almost reaching wing margin.</p>
            <p>Metasoma: T1 moderately short, about 0.4 × as long as T2–8 combined, stout, T1LW 1.6, apex much wider than base, T1WW 3.3 (Fig. 7F), distinctly depressed, its ventrolateral outline somewhat angled, anteriorly without lateral tooth, dorsally without distinct longitudinal striae; dorsal outline of T1 slightly and uniformly curved; spiracle of T1 placed on anterior 0.4, not prominent; dorsolateral carina distinct until spiracle; median dorsal carina entirely absent; ventrolateral carina distinct. T2 short, T2LW 0.6, apex much wider than base, T2WW 1.4; thyridium indistinct. T7–8 about as long as T5–6. Ovipositor sheath broadly truncate, slightly wider at apex than at midlength (Fig. 7E). Ovipositor short, OST 0.35, moderately slender, straight, distinctly compressed; apex of ovipositor sagittate, with slight nodus; dorsal valve with notch-like teeth (Fig. 7G).</p>
            <p> Comments  Duwalia is unique among  Ateleutinae in having a complete epicnemial carina. In the two other genera of the subfamily, the carina is absent or indistinct at least on the mesosternum. The ovipositor is also distinct from the condition present in all other ateleutine taxa by being short (OST 0.35), having a sagittate tip and distinct teeth on the dorsal valve. Since  Duwalia occurs in sympatry with  Ateleute in Australia, the two genera could be mistaken for each other.  Duwalia can be differentiated from Australasian species of  Ateleute by having the clypeal margin laterally slightly emarginate as a small triangular lobe (vs. broadly truncate, straight); median longitudinal carina of propodeum distinct (vs. absent); male hind tibia with sparse small bristles (vs. with dense stout bristles); hind wing vein 2-1A distinct, almost reaching wing margin (vs. indistinct); and the T1 much stouter (T1LW 1.6) and more triangular (T1WW 3.3), in contrast with the slender T 1 in almost all species of  Ateleute (T1LW 2.0–2.4, T1WW 2.1–2.7, usually &lt;2.4). </p>
            <p> E t y m o l o g y T h e g e n u s n a m e s t e m s f r o m t h e Australian aboriginal word ‘duwal’, meaning a short spear with two barbs, and also a name for a clan from the Dua moiety. The name is a reference to the short ovipositor of  D. perula , with ridges on the dorsal valve.  Duwalia is to be treated as a feminine noun. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/83095E3EA335FF87FED7CE828ABEFCFA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos, Bernardo F.;Alvarado, Mabel;Sääksjärvi, Ilari E.;Noort, Simon Van;Villemant, Claire;Brady, Seán G.	Santos, Bernardo F., Alvarado, Mabel, Sääksjärvi, Ilari E., Noort, Simon Van, Villemant, Claire, Brady, Seán G. (2018): Molecular phylogeny of Ateleutinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae): systematics and biogeography of a widespread parasitoid wasp lineage. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 185: 1057-1078
83095E3EA336FF86FF0FCC8E8988FE16.text	83095E3EA336FF86FF0FCC8E8988FE16.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Duwalia perula Santos & Alvarado & Sääksjärvi & Noort & Villemant & Brady 2018	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> DUWALIA PERULA SANTOS ,  SP. NOV.</p>
            <p>(FIG. 7)</p>
            <p> Diagnosis See diagnosis for  Duwalia gen. nov.</p>
            <p>Description of female holotype Fore wing 5.1 mm long. Body moderately slender and shiny.</p>
            <p>Head: Mandible, clypeus and supra-clypeal area covered with moderately dense, long hairs; MLW 1.8, MWW 0.6; ventral tooth, as robust as dorsal one, its tip lanceolate; MSM 0.8. Clypeus sparsely punctate; CHW 1.8, CWW 1.8, apex narrower than midlength. Supra-clypeal area coriarious-colliculate. Antenna with 26 flagellomeres; maximum width of flagellum about 2.2 × the minimum width of f1; flagellum blunt, not gradually tapered towards apex. Supra-antennal area ventrally slightly concave, smooth, dorsally colliculate, medially with suture-like longitudinal line occelar area distinctly convex. Occipital carina almost complete, absent only on short median section of occiput, ventrally joining hypostomal carina at mandible base.</p>
            <p>Mesosoma: Pronotum longitudinally striate along posterior margin and median transverse sulcus,dorsally coriarious. Mesoscutum coriarious, shiny, with short transverse wrinkles along notaulus. Scuto-scutellar groove distinctly striate. Mesopleuron sparsely pilose, mostly coriarious, dorsal corner longitudinally striate. Subalar ridge narrow, weakly projected, keeled. Mesopleural fovea distinct as a small pit, far from mesepimeron. Propodeum 1.5 × as long as wide, mostly transversely striate, anterolaterally coriarious, after posterior transverse carina longitudinally striate. Lateral longitudinal carina present as blunt ridge between anterior transverse carinae. Tibiae and tarsi with sparse, small bristles. Fore wing vein 1-Rs+M sinuous, continuous with cross-vein 1m-cu, cross-vein 1m-cu uniformly curved; cross-vein 1cu-a arising slightly distad to base of 1M+Rs; vein 2Cua 2.00 × as long as cross-vein 2cu-a, veins angled at about 130°; APH 1.1; AWH 1.6; HW1C 1.8.</p>
            <p>Metasoma: T1 mostly coriarious, at midlength with faint longitudinal striae; T1LW 1.6, T1WW 3.35. T2LW 0.60, T2 coriarious, moderately pilose, T2WW 1.4. OST 0.35; ovipositor dorsal valve with four ridge-like teeth; ventral valve subapically with a distinct swelling, without distinct apical teeth.</p>
            <p>Colour: Dark ferruginous (176,112,025). Head black; mandible light ferruginous, apically blackish; clypeus basally black, lighter towards apex, clypeal margin ferruginous. Scape whitish; pedicel dorsally whitish, ventrally blackish; flagellum basally brownish, apically black, f5–7 and part of f8 whitish. Mesosoma and metasoma dark ferruginous; legs fuscous towards apex; metasoma lighter towards posterior apex, T8, ovipositor and sheath light ferruginous. Wings slightly infuscate towards apex.</p>
            <p>Male (Fig. 7C) Similar to the female except by the following. Fore wing 4.2 mm long; body generally shinier, less pilose and smoother, all sculpturing less pronounced than in female. Triangular lobes on clypeal margin almost indistinct; antenna with 25 flagellomeres, without whitish band; hind tibia more distinctly darker than remainder of legs, uniformly brown; median longitudinal carina of propodeum indistinct, its position marked by a distinct groove instead of carina.</p>
            <p>Variation Paratype female essentially identical to holotype, except slightly smaller, fore wing 4.6 mm long; lateral longitudinal carina of propodeum weaker.</p>
            <p>Etymology ‘Perula’ is a Medieval Latin form for ‘pearl’, apparently derived from ‘pernula’, diminutive of ‘perna’ (the brown mussel); in reference to the type locality, Pearl Beach, in Australia. The name is to be treated as a noun in apposition.</p>
            <p> Material examined 2 ♀♀ 1 ♂. Holotype ♀: AU S T R A L I A, N e w S o u t h Wa l e s, Pe a r l B e a ch, Crommelin Biological Field Station, 33.5511°S, 151.2978°E, sweeping, May 2009, A. Austin (WINC). Condition of type: mounted on triangular point; apical flagellomere of right antenna missing; right hind leg removed for sequencing and glued to separate triangle point; otherwise intact. Paratypes: 1 ♀ 1 ♂, same data as holotype, mounted in triangle point. Paratype female previously used for whole body extraction [‘Extraction Nb. / GS-Cry-378: / whole wasp extracted 2013/14’ // ‘  Ichneumonidae /  Ateleute / det S. Klopfstein 2014’] – Genbank accession number (as  Ateleute sp. ) KY447113. Both fore legs apicad of coxa detached and glued to the triangle point; right antenna apicad of scape, left mid leg and right ovipositor sheath missing. </p>
            <p>Distribution Australia.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/83095E3EA336FF86FF0FCC8E8988FE16	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos, Bernardo F.;Alvarado, Mabel;Sääksjärvi, Ilari E.;Noort, Simon Van;Villemant, Claire;Brady, Seán G.	Santos, Bernardo F., Alvarado, Mabel, Sääksjärvi, Ilari E., Noort, Simon Van, Villemant, Claire, Brady, Seán G. (2018): Molecular phylogeny of Ateleutinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae): systematics and biogeography of a widespread parasitoid wasp lineage. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 185: 1057-1078
